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Updates in endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第2期19卷 202-212页

作者： Poorni M.Manohar Nancy E.Davidson University of Washington/Seattle cancer Care alliance Seattle 98109WAUSA Fred Hutchinson cancer research Center Seattle 98109WAUSA

Endocrine therapy(ET)remains the mainstay of treatment for steroid hormone receptor-positive,human epidermal growth factor 2(HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer(MBC).Tumor resistance to hormone therapy has led to the development of novel endocrine drug combinations,transforming the landscape of MBC *** options for ET are expanding,with promising agents in the *** MBC remains incurable,many patients can enjoy years of survival with good quality of life by cycling through the many available *** the plethora of available agents and rapid approvals,clinicians look to evidencebased guidelines to assist in treatment selection to maximize patient *** this review,we provide a contemporary review of the advances in ET and a suggested algorithm to guide clinicians in daily management of patients with hormone receptor-positive,HER2-negative *** will discuss landmark trials and highlight their impact in reshaping treatment ***,we will provide a glimpse into advances on the horizon and the promise they bring to improve outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer.

关键词： Endocrine therapy metastatic breast cancer

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Glucocorticoids and prostate cancer treatment： friend or foe？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 354-358页

作者： Bruce Montgomery Heather H Cheng James Drechsler Elahe A Mostaghel Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Seattle cancer Care alliance Seattle Division of Clinical research Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA.

Glucocorticoids have been used in the treatment of prostate cancer to slow disease progression, improve pain control and offset side effects of chemo- and hormonal therapy. However, they may also have the potential to drive prostate cancer growth via mutated androgen receptors or glucocorticoid receptors （GRs）. In this review we examine historical and contemporary use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of prostate cancer, review potential mechanisms by which they may inhibit or drive prostate cancer growth, and describe potential means of defining their contribution to the biology of prostate cancer.

关键词： androgen receptor dihydrotestosterone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids prostate cancer steroids testosterone

Artemisinin, GABA signaling and cell reprogramming： when an old drug meets modern medicine

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Science Bulletin 2017年第6期62卷 386-387页

作者： Hai-Kun Liu Division of Molecular Neurogenetics German Cancer Research Center (DI(FZ) DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg 69120 Germany

The hormone-secreting endocrine cells(α,β,δ,ε and PP cells)form pancreatic islets,which are strongly involved in regulation of *** of insulin-producingβcells is the major cause of type 1 *** progress in cell reprogramming demonstrates the feasibility of generating functionalβcells to treat type 1 diabetes[1].However,a non-invasive in vivo approach forβcell reprogramming is still ***,two reports in

关键词： GABA cell Artemisinin,GABA signaling and cell reprogramming:when an old drug meets modern medicine

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Engineering humanized mice for improved hematopoietic reconstitution

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 215-224页

作者： Adam C Drake Qingfeng Chen lianzhu Chen Koch Institute for Integrative cancer research and Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Interdisciplinary research Group in Infectious Diseases Singapore-MIT AlLiance for Research and Technology Singapore

Humanized mice are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to various lineages of human blood cells throughout the life of the mouse. This article reviews recent advances in the generation of humanized mice, focusing on practical considerations. We discuss features of different immunodeficient recipient mouse strains, sources of human hematopoietic stem cells, advances in expansion and genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells, and techniques to modulate the cytokine environment of recipient mice, in order to enhance reconstitution of specific human blood lineage cells. We highlight the opportunities created by new technologies and discuss practical considerations on how to make best use of the widening array of basic models for specific research applications.

关键词： cytokines expansion genetic modification hematopoietic stem cells humanized mice

A new family of carbonaceous cathodes for rechargeable batteries through electronic structure tuning engineering

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 7-8页

作者： Michel Armand Centre for Cooperative research on Alternative Energies Basque Research and Technology Alliance

Electric vehicles(EVs) and grid storage for renewable energies will require batteries in tens of millions of tons, and thus they need to be sustainable. EVs call also for batteries with higher energy density than currently available, and this value is intrinsically limited by the properties of the transition metal oxide(TMO) cathodes [1]. There are two possible strategies to overcome these limitations: i) increase the operating voltage in the >4.4 V range; and ii) attempt to use more than one electron per transition metal [2]. The first strategy faces problems of electrolyte stability limit and oxygen evolution, and thus safety hazards. The second is limited to vanadium and nickel, but using only1.3 electrons for the former,

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The role of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 （HSPA2） in regulating human sperm-egg recognition

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 568-573页

作者： Brett Nixon Elizabeth G Bromfield Matthew D Dun Kate A Redgrove Eileen A McLaughlin R John Aitken priority research Centre in Reproductive Science School of Environmental and Life Sciences Discipline of Biological Sciences University of Newcastle CallaghanNSW 2308 Australia Priority research Centre in Chemical Biology School of Environmental and Life Sciences Discipline of Biological Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308 Australia hunter cancer research alliance School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine NSW Australia

One of the most common lesions present in the spermatozoa of human infertility patients is an idiopathic failure of sperm-egg recognition. Although this unique cellular interaction can now be readily by-passed by assisted reproductive strategies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）, recent large-scale epidemiological studies have encouraged the cautious use of this technology and highlighted the need for further research into the mechanisms responsible for defective sperm-egg recognition. Previous work in this field has established that the sperm domains responsible for oocyte interaction are formed during spermatogenesis prior to being dynamically modified during epididymal maturation and capacitation in female reproductive tract. While the factors responsible for the regulation of these sequential maturational events are undoubtedly complex, emerging research has identified the molecular chaperone, heat shock protein A2 （HSPA2）, as a key regulator of these events in human spermatozoa. HSPA2 is a testis-enriched member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family that promotes the folding, transport, and assembly of protein complexes and has been positively correlated with in vitro fertilization （IVF） success. Furthermore, reduced expression of HSPA2 from the human sperm proteome leads to an impaired capacity for cumulus matrix dispersal, sperm-egg recognition and fertilization following both IVF and ICSI. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting the role of HSPA2 in sperm function and explore the potential mechanisms by which it is depleted in the spermatozoa of infertile patients. Such information offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing sperm function.

关键词： egg fertilization heat shock protein A2 molecular chaperone sperm sperm-egg interactions

Enhancing first-principles simulations of complex solid-state ion conductors using topological analysis of procrystal electron density

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1777-1786页

作者： Andrey Golov Javier Carrasco Centre for Cooperative research on Alternative Energies(CIC energiGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)01510Vitoria-GasteizSpain

Atomistic-level understanding of ion migration mechanisms holds the key to design high-performance solid-state ion conductors for a breadth of electrochemical ***-principles simulations play an important role in this ***,these methods are generally computationally-intensive,with limited access to complex,low-symmetry structures,such as *** we show how topological analysis of the procrystal electron density can be applied to efficiently mitigate this *** discuss how this methodology goes beyond current state of the art capabilities and demonstrate this with two *** the first,we examine Li-ion transport across grain boundaries in Li_(3)ClO ***,we compute diffusion coefficients as a function of charge carrier concentration in spinel LiTiS_(2) electrode *** two case studies do not exhaust the opportunities and might constitute motivations for still more complex applied materials.

关键词： analysis state holds

Temperature and Input Energy Dependence of the 946-nm Stimulated Emission Cross Section of Nd^(3+):YAG Pumped by a Flashlamp

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 104-106页

作者： Seyed Ebrahim Pourmand Noriah Bidin Hazri Bakhtiar Laser research Group Nanotechnology Research AllianceAdvance Photonic Science InstituteFaculty of ScienceUniversity TeknologiMalaysia

The thermal effect on the laser transition at 946nm is *** temperature of the cooling system is verified in the range 2-60℃.A Nd:YAG laser crystal is utilized as a gain medium and is pumped by a newly developed *** variable pumping energy is accomplished within the 5-40 d *** stimulated emission cross section of the 946-nm line is estimated based on the fluorescence spectrum of the Nd:YAG *** stimulated emission cross section of the 946-nm line is found to be inversely proportional to the temperature and to the input energy due to the increase of the thermal population at the ground level.

关键词： Nd:YAG pumped pumping

Growth of small diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes by arc discharge process

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第3期23卷 412-417页

作者： K.T.Chaudhary J.Ali P.P.Yupapin Institute of Advanced Photonics Science (APSI) Nanotechnology Research Alliance Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310Johor Bahru Malaysia Nanoscale Science and research alliance (N’SERA) Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） are grown by arc discharge method in a controlled methane environment. The arc discharge is produced between two graphite electrodes at the ambient pressures of 100 tort, 300 torr, and 500 torr. Arc plasma parameters such as temperature and density are estimated to investigate the influences of the ambient pressure and the contributions of the ambient pressure to the growth and the structure of the nanotubes. The plasma temperature and density are observed to increase with the increase in the methane ambient pressure. The samples of MWCNT synthesized at different ambient pressures are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. An increase in the growth of MWCNT and a decrease in the inner tube diameter are observed with the increase in the methane ambient pressure.

关键词： electric discharge arc plasma temperature and density carbon nanotubes

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