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The outcomes and safety of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combining a single-use cholangioscope and a single-use duodenoscope:A multicenter retrospective international study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 71-76页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Matteo Colombo Michel Kahaleh V.Raman Muthusamy Bick Benjamin Wim Laleman Carmelo Barbera Carlo Fabbri Jose Nieto Abed Al-Lehibi Mohan Ramchandani Amy Tyberg Haroon Shahid Avik Sarkar Dean Ehrlich Stuart Shermand Cecilia Binda Marco Spadaccini Andrea Iannone Kareem Khalaf Nageshwar Reddy Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanoItaly Gastroenterology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium U.O.C.di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva Ospedale Giuseppe MazziniASL TeramoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsAUSL RomagnaForlì-CesenaItaly Borland Groover Clinic JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HyderabadIndia Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 420090Pieve EmanueleMilanItaly

Background: Duodenoscope-related multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infections raise concerns. Disposable duodenoscopes have been recently introduced in the market and approved by regulatory agencies with the aim to reduce the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) associated infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of procedures performed with single-use duodenoscopes in patients with clinical indications to single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. Methods: This is a multicenter international, retrospective study combining all patients who underwent complex biliopancreatic interventions using the combination of a single-use duodenoscope and a single-use cholangioscope. The primary outcome was technical success defined as ERCP completion for the intended clinical indication. Secondary outcomes were procedural duration, rate of cross-over to reusable duodenoscope, operator-reported satisfaction score(1 to 10) on performance rating of the single-use duodenoscope, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% female) were included in the study. ERCP was categorized according to ASGE ERCP grading system as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The technical success rate was 98.5%(65/66). Procedural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) min, cross-over rate to reusable duodenoscope was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfaction score of the single-use duodenoscope classified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienced AEs not directly related to the single-use duodenoscope, namely 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP), 1 cholangitis and 1 bleeding.Conclusions: Single-use duodenoscope is effective, reliable and safe even in technically challenging procedures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenoscope, making these devices a viable alternative to standard reusable equipment.

关键词： Single-operator cholangioscopy Single-use duodenoscope Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Indeterminate biliary stricture Difficult biliary stones

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Anti-fibrotic effect of adipose-derived stem cells on fibrotic scars

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第2期14卷 200-213页

作者： Sophie Vanderstichele Jan Jeroen Vranckx Master in Medicine KUL Leuven UniversityLeuven 3000Belgium Department of Plastic Reconstructive SurgeryKU-Leuven University HospitalsLeuven 3000Belgium

BACKGROUND Sustained injury,through radiotherapy,burns or surgical trauma,can result in fibrosis,displaying an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM),persisting inflammatory reaction,and reduced vascularization.The increasing recognition of fibrosis as a cause for disease and mortality,and increasing use of radiotherapy causing fibrosis,stresses the importance of a decent anti-fibrotic treatment.AIM To obtain an in-depth understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying fibrosis,and more specifically,the potential mechanisms-of-action of adiposederived stomal cells(ADSCs)in realizing their anti-fibrotic effect.METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed,Embase and Web of Science was performed by two independent reviewers.RESULTS The injection of fat grafts into fibrotic tissue,releases ADSC into the environment.ADSCs’capacity to directly differentiate into key cell types(e.g.,ECs,fibroblasts),as well as to secrete multiple paracrine factors(e.g.,hepatocyte growth factor,basis fibroblast growth factor,IL-10),allows them to alter different mechanisms underlying fibrosis in a combined approach.ADSCs favor ECM degradation by impacting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation,favoring matrix metalloproteinases over tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,positively influencing collagen organization,and inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1.Furthermore,they impact elements of both the innate and adaptive immune response system,and stimulate angiogenesis on the site of injury(through secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines like stromal cell-derived factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor).CONCLUSION This review shows that understanding the complex interactions of ECM accumulation,immune response and vascularization,is vital to fibrosis treatments’effectiveness like fat grafting.It details how ADSCs intelligently steer this complex system in an anti-fibrotic or pro-angiogenic direction,without falling into extreme dilation or stimulation of a single a

关键词： Fibrosis Fat grafting Adipose-derived stem cells Angiogenesis Anti-fibrotic effect Immunomodulation

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In-situ formation of Ti-Mo biomaterials by selective laser melting of Ti/Mo and Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixtures:A comparative study on microstructure,mechanical and wear performance,and thermal mechanisms

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第20期115卷 81-96页

作者： Qimin Shi Shoufeng Yang Yi Sun Yifei Gu Ben Mercelis Shengping Zhong Bart Van Meerbeek Constantinus Politis KU leuven Department of Biomedical SciencesOMFS-IMPATH Research Group&UZ Leuven(University Hospitals Leuven)Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKapucijnenvoer 33Leuven 3000Belgium University of Southampton Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesSouthampton SO171BJUnited Kingdom KU leuven Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT-Biomaterials Research Group&UZ Leuven(University Hospitals Leuven)DentistryKapucijnenvoer 7Leuven 3000Belgium

Ti-Mo alloys/composites are expected to be the next-generation implant material with low moduli but without toxic/allergic elements.However,synthesis mechanisms of the Ti-Mo biomaterials in Selective Laser Melting(SLM)vary according to raw materials and fundamentally influence material performance,due to inhomogeneous chemical compositions and stability.Therefore,this work provides a comparative study on microstructure,mechanical and wear performance,and underlying thermal mechanisms of two promising Ti-Mo biomaterials prepared by SLM but through different synthesis mechanisms to offer scientific understanding for creation of ideal metal implants.They are(i)Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,prepared from a conventional Ti/Mo powder mixture,and(ii)Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites,in-situ prepared from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture.Results reveal that the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites made from Ti/Mo_(2)C powder mixture by SLM can produce 61.4%moreβphase and extra Ti C precipitates(diameter below 229.6 nm)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.The fine Ti C not only contributes to thinner and shorterβcolumnar grains under a large temperature gradient of 51.2 K/μm but also benefits material performance.The in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites produce higher yield strength(980.1±29.8 MPa)and ultimate compressive strength(1561.4±39 MPa)than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,increasing by up to 12.1%.However,the fine Ti C with an aspect ratio of 2.71 dominates an unfavourable rise of elastic modulus to 91.9±2 GPa,44.7%higher than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,which,nevertheless,is still lower than the modulus of traditional Ti-6 Al-4 V.While,Ti C and its homogeneous distribution benefit wear resistance,decreasing the wear rate of the in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites to 6.98×10^(-4)mm^3 N^(-1)m^(-1),which is 36%lower than that of the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys.Therefore,although with higher modulus than the Ti-7.5 Mo alloys,the SLM-fabricated in-situ Ti-7.5 Mo-2.4 Ti C composites can expect to provide good biomedical application potential in cases where combined good streng

关键词： Selective laser melting(SLM) Titanium Metal matrix composites Microstructures Mechanical properties Wear properties

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Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida auris in Africa: Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 126-149页

作者： Isidore Wendkièta Yerbanga Seydou Nakanabo Diallo Toussaint Rouamba Delwendé Florence Ouedraogo Katrien Lagrou Rita Oladele Jean-Pierre Gangneux Olivier Denis Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos Isabel Montesinos Sanata Bamba Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Ecole Doctorale des Sciences De la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Research in Health Sciences National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Univ Rennes CHU Rennes Inserm Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) European ECMM Excellence Center in Medical Mycology Université de Rennes Rennes France Department of Microbiology CHU Namur site-Godinne Université Catholique de Louvain Yvoir Belgium Ecole de Santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of Microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc—Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sour? Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.

关键词： Africa Antifungal Resistance Candida auris Clinical Features Phylogenetic Clades

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Locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer:The best indication for initial radical prostatectomy?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2014年第1期1卷 40-45页

作者： Hendrik van Poppel Department of Urology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

High risk prostate cancer is a deadly disease that needs aggressive treatment.High risk prostate cancer is often treated with androgen deprivation therapy or combined radiohormonotherapy while there is a place for surgery in cases of operable and resectable locally advanced or high risk disease.This review summarises the results of the different treatment strategies for locally advanced and high risk prostate cancer.Radical prostatectomy monotherapy or in combination with radiotherapy and/or hormonal treatment are analysed.They show that radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment modality for these tumours.After surgery,the results of the pathology and the follow-up of serum PSA may indicate the need of additional adjuvant or salvage treatment strategies.

关键词： Prostate cancer High risk Radical prostatectomy Extracapsular extension High-grade prostate cancer

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Structural optimization of patient-specific temporomandibular joint replacement implants for additive manufacturing:novel metrics for safety evaluation and biomechanical performance

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2022年第2期5卷 333-347页

作者： Manuel Pinheiro Anouar Krairi Robin Willaert Maria C.Costa Wim Van Paepegem Mechanics of Materials and Structures(MMS) Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Materials Innovation Institute(M2i) DelftThe Netherlands Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University hospitals leuven LeuvenBelgium 4 Department of Head and Neck SurgeryGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium

Total temporomandibular joint(TMJ)replacement is recommended only when there is irreversible damage to the joint and no conservative treatment can provide functional improvements.Several stock and custom-made TMJ implants have been made available;however,retrospective and comparative studies were unable to find significant differences between the two types of solutions.The introduction of additive manufacturing(AM)techniques in medical practice allows for a greater freedom of design and a higher degree of device customisation.The combination of AM with structural optimisation may streamline development and provide the key for fabricating biomechanic ally enhanced TMJ implants.In this study,structural optimis ation techniques were applied to develop and numerically validate a patient-specific TMJ implant.The biomechanical behaviour of each intermediate TMJ design was assessed under four different nominal and maximum biting tasks using finite element analyses.In addition,a new set of metrics were proposed to compare each design regarding biomechanical performance and implant safety.The results suggest that 55-82%of the natural/intact strain patterns can be recovered with the finally selected TMJ implant.This represents an increase of 15%in biomechanical performance for incisor biting,15%for right molar biting,17%for left molar biting and a decrease of 2%for left group biting compared with the initial design.The results also suggest that load transfer at the proximal ramus reduces the implant’s impact on the mandible’s strain patterns.Finally,structural optimisation allows for a volume reduction of up to 44%with a minimum loss of implant safety and biomechanical performance.

关键词： Temporomandibular joint Additive manufacturing Implant safety Biomechanical performance Finite element analysis

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Implantable cardiac defibrillators in octogenarians

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第1期20卷 23-31页

作者： Maarten Pauwelyn Sebastian Ingelaere Ruben Hoffmann Johan Vijgen Georges H.Mairesse Ivan Blankoff Yves Vandekerckhove Jean-Benoit le Polain de Waroux Bert Vandenberk Rik Willems University hospitals leuven CardiologyLeuvenBelgium KU leuven Department of Cardiovascular SciencesLeuvenBelgium UZA Department of CardiologyAntwerpBelgium Jessa Ziekenhuis Department of CardiologyHasseltBelgium Cliniques du Sud Luxembourg Department of CardiologyArlonBelgium CHU Charleroi Department of CardiologyCharleroiBelgium AZ Sint-Jan Department of CardiologyBruggeBelgium University of Calgary Libin Cardiovascular InstituteCalgaryCanada

OBJECTIVE Implantable cardiac defibrillators(ICD)implantation in the very elderly remains controversial.We aimed to describe the experience and outcome of patients over 80 years old implanted with an ICD in Belgium.METHODS Data were extracted from the national QERMID-ICD registry.All implantations performed in octogenarians between February 2010 and March 2019 were analysed.Data on baseline patient characteristics,type of prevention,device configuration and all-cause mortality were available.To determine predictors of mortality,multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modelling was performed.RESULTS Nationwide,704 primo ICD implantations were performed in octogenarians(median age 82,IQR 81-83 years;83% male and 45% secondary prevention).During a mean follow-up of 3.1±2.3 years,249(35%)patients died,of which 76(11%)within the first year after implantation.In multivariable Cox regression analysis age(HR=1.15,P=0.004),oncological history(HR=2.43,P=0.027)and secondary prevention(HR=2.23,P=0.001)were independently associated with 1-year mortality.A better preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was associated with a better outcome(HR=0.97,P=0.002).Regarding overall mortality multivariable analysis withheld age,history of atrial fibrillation,centre volume and oncological history as significant predictors.Higher LVEF was again protective(HR=0.99,P=0.008).CONCLUSIONS Primary ICD implantation in octogenarians is not often performed in Belgium.Among this population,11%died within the first year after ICD implantation.Advanced age,oncological history,secondary prevention and a lower LVEF were associated with an increased one-year mortality.Age,low LVEF,atrial fibrillation,centre volume and oncological history were indicative of higher overall mortality.

关键词： prevention implantation protective

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Potential importance of early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in intestinal transplant patient: A case report

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第4期12卷 72-78页

作者： Mathias Clarysse Laurens J Ceulemans Lucas Wauters Nicholas Gilbo Viktor Capiau Gert De Hertogh Wim Laleman Chris Verslype Diethard Monbaliu Jacques Pirenne Tim Vanuytsel Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery&Transplant Coordination University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation Center(LIFT) University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Abdominal Transplant Surgery Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and TransplantationKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Thoracic Surgery University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery(BREATHE) Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism(CHROMETA)KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders(TARGID) Department Chronic Diseases and Metabolism(CHROMETA)KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Department of Pathology University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Translational Cell&Tissue Research KU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology Department of Digestive OncologyKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Vlaams-BrabantBelgium

BACKGROUND Predispositions for severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are age,immunosuppression,and co-morbidity.High levels of maintenance immunosuppression render intestinal transplant(ITx)patients vulnerable for severe COVID-19.COVID-19 also provokes several gastroenterological pathologies which have not been discussed in ITx,so far.CASE SUMMARY During the second European COVID-19 wave in November 2020,an ITx recipient was admitted to the hospital because of electrolyte disturbances due to dehydration.Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus,azathioprine,and low-dose corticosteroids.During hospitalization,she tested positive on screening COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction swab,while her initial test was negative.She was initially asymptomatic and had normal inflammatory markers.Tacrolimus levels were slightly raised,as Azathioprine was temporarily halted.Due to elevated Ddimers at that time,prophylactic low-molecular weight heparin was started.Seven days after the positive test,dyspnea,anosmia,and C-reactive protein increase(25 mg/L)were noted.Remdesivir was administered during 5 d in total.High stomal output was noted in two consecutive days and several days thereafter.To exclude infection or rejection,an ileoscopy and biopsy were performed and excluded these.Four weeks later,she was discharged from the hospital and remains in good health since then.CONCLUSION Early eradication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in ITx recipients may be warranted to prevent acute rejection provocation by it.

关键词： COVID-19 Intestinal transplantation Outcome SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Case report

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Correlations between age, Charlson score and outcome in clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 131-137页

作者： Chao-Yu Hsu Steven Joniau Raymond Oyen Tania Roskams Hein Van Poppel Department of Urology Department of Radiology Department of Histopathology University Hospitals KULeuven Leuven 3000 Belgium

According to the European Association of Urology （EAU） guidelines, a life expectancy of〉 10 years is considered an important factor in the treatment of prostate cancer. The Charlson score is used to predict mortality based on comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age, Charlson score and outcome in patients with cT3a prostate cancer. Between 1987 and 2004, 200 patients, who were with clinical T3a prostate cancer and who underwent radical prostatectomy （RP）, were previously detected by digital rectal examination （DRE）. Patients were categorized into two age groups （〈 65 and≥65 years old）. Patients were also divided into two groups according to Charlson score （ = 0 and ≥ 1）. Both age and Charlson score were analyzed regarding their predictive power of patients＇ outcomes. The mean follow-up period was 70.6 months, and the mean age of patients was 63.3 years. In all, 106 patients were 〈 65 years old and 94 patients were ≥65 years old. Age was a significant predictor of overall survival （OS）. A Charlson score of 0 was found in 110 patients, and of ≥ 1 in 90 patients. Charlson score was not a significant predictor of biochemical progression-free survival （BPFS）, clinical progression-free survival （CPFS） or OS. Cox multivariate analysis showed that margin status was a significant independent factor in BPFS, and cancer volume was a significant independent factor in CPFS. Charlson score does not influence the outcome in patients with clinical locally advanced prostate cancer. Age may influence OS. RP can be performed in motivated healthy older patients. However, the patients need to be counseled regarding possible surgery-related side effects, such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, which are age- and comorbidity-dependent.

关键词： age Charlson score cT3a prostate cancer

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T(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas are heterogeneous with respect to the V_H gene mutation status

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2011年第2期3卷 24-32页

作者： Xavier Sagaert Vera Vanhentenrijk Gert De Hertogh Karel Geboes Thomas Tousseyn Brigitte Maes Mathijs Baens Eric Van Cutsem Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology University Hospitals Leuven Department of Laboratory Medicine Jessa Hospital Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) Department of Human Genetics Catholic University of Leuven Department of Digestive Oncology University Hospitals Leuven

AIM: To investigate how t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas relate to other marginal zone lymphomas with respect to the somatic mutation pattern of the VH genes and the expression of the marker CD27. METHODS: The VH gene of 7 t(11;18)(q21;q21)- positive gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas was amplif iedby PCR using family specif ic VH primers and a consensus JH primer. PCR products were sequenced and mutation analysis of the CDR and the FR regions was performed. All cases were immunostained for CD27. RESULTS: One case showed unmutated VH genes while the others showed mutated VH genes with mutation frequencies ranging from 1.3 to 14.7% and with evidence of antigen selection in 2 cases. These data suggest that the translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) can target either B-cells at different stages of differentiation or naive B-cells that retain the capacity to differentiate upon antigen stimulation. All cases but one displayed weak to strong CD27 expression which did not correlate with the VH gene mutation status. CONCLUSION: t(11;18)(q21;q21)-positive gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas are heterogeneous with respect to the VH mutation status and CD27 is not a marker of somatically mutated B-cells.

关键词： Gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma t(11 18) (q21 q21) VH mutation Marginal zone CD27

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