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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第8期33卷 593-602页

作者： Ahmad Yahyazadeh Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak department of histology and Embryology Faculty of MedicineKarabuk UniversityKarabukTurkey department of histology and Embryology Faculty of MedicineOkan UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field(EMF)on the cervical spinal cord(CSC)of rats and the possible protective effect of luteolin(LUT)against CSC tissue damage.Methods Quantitative data were obtained via stereological,biochemical,immunohistochemical,and histopathological techniques.We investigated morphometric value,superoxide dismutase(SOD)level,and the expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein molecules,as well as histological changes.Results The total number of motor neurons in the EMF group significantly decreased in comparison with that in the control group(P<0.05).In the EMF+LUT group,we found a significant increase in the total number of motor neurons compared with that in the EMF group(P<0.05).SOD enzyme activity in the EMF group significantly increased in comparison with that in the control group(P<0.05).By contrast,the EMF+LUT group exhibited a decrease in SOD level compared with the EMF group(P<0.05).Conclusion Our results suggested that exposure to EMF could be deleterious to CSC tissues.Furthermore,the protective efficacy of LUT against SC damage might have resulted from the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by EMF.

关键词： Electromagnetic field Luteolin Motor neuron Oxidative stress Rat Spinal cord

The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain:a novel target for ischemic stroke?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 485-491页

作者： Ying-Jie Wang Yan-Rong Sun Yan-Hong Pei Hao-Wen Ma Ya-Kun Mu Li-Hua Qin Jun-Hao Yan department of Anatomy and histology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Recent studies have proposed three lymphatic drainage systems in the brain,that is,the glymphatic system,the intramural periarterial drainage pathway,and meningeal lymphatic vessels,whose roles in various neurological diseases have been widely explored.The glymphatic system is a fluid drainage and waste clearance pathway that utilizes perivascular space and aquaporin-4 protein located in the astrocyte endfeet to provide a space for exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid.The intramural periarterial drainage pathway drives the flow of interstitial fluid through the capillary basement membrane and the arterial tunica media.Meningeal lymphatic vessels within the dura mater are involved in the removal of cerebral macromolecules and immune responses.After ischemic stroke,impairment of these systems could lead to cerebral edema,accumulation of toxic factors,and activation of neuroinflammation,while restoration of their normal functions can improve neurological outcomes.In this review,we summarize the basic concepts of these drainage systems,including drainage routes,physiological functions,regulatory mechanisms,and detection technologies.We also focus on the roles of lymphatic drainage systems in brain injury after ischemic stroke,as well as recent advances in therapeutic strategies targeting these drainage systems.These findings provide information for potential novel strategies for treatment of stroke.

关键词： aquaporin-4 brain edema glymphatic system intramural periarterial drainage ischemic stroke lymphatic drainage meningeal lymphatic vessels neuroinflammation neurotoxicity

Downregulation of EphB2 by RNA interference attenuates glial/fibrotic scar formation and promotes axon growth

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 362-369页

作者： Jian Wu Zhen-Yu Zhu Zhi-Wei Fan Ying Chen Ri-Yun Yang Yi Li department of histology and Embryology Medical CollegeNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

The rapid formation of a glial/fibrotic scar is one of the main factors hampering axon growth after spinal cord injury. The bidirectional Eph B2/ephrin-B2 signaling of the fibroblast-astrocyte contact-dependent interaction is a trigger for glial/fibrotic scar formation. In the present study, a new in vitro model was produced by coculture of fibroblasts and astrocytes wounded by scratching to mimic glial/fibrotic scar-like structures using an improved slide system. After treatment with RNAi to downregulate Eph B2, changes in glial/fibrotic scar formation and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons were examined. Following RNAi treatment, fibroblasts and astrocytes dispersed without forming a glial/fibrotic scar-like structure. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurocan, NG2 and collagen I in the coculture were reduced, and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons was enhanced. These findings suggest that suppression of Eph B2 expression by RNAi attenuates the formation of a glial/fibrotic scar and promotes axon growth. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2019-0506-002) on May 6, 2019.

关键词： astrocyte EphB2 fibroblast glial/fibrotic scar microfluidic platform RNAi spinal cord injury VSC4.1 motoneuron

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates activated microglia-induced neuronal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第3期9卷 252-259页

作者： Lining Ke Wei Guo Jianwen Xu Guodong Zhang Wei Wang Wenhua Huang department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology Southern Medical University department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology Fujian Medical University

The microglia-mediated inflammatory reaction promotes neuronal damage under cerebral isch- emia/hypoxia conditions. We therefore speculated that inhibition of hypoxia-induced microglial activation may alleviate neuronal damage. To test this hypothesis, we co-cultured ginsenoside Rb 1, an active component of ginseng, and cortical neurons. Ginsenoside Rb l protected neuronal morphology and structure in a single hypoxic culture system and in a hypoxic co-culture system with microglia, and reduced neuronal apoptosis and caspase-3 production. The protective effect was observable prior to placing in co-culture. Additionally, ginsenoside Rbl inhibited levels of tumor necrosis factor-a in a co-culture system containing activated N9 microglial cells. Ginse-noside Rbl also significantly decreased nitric oxide and superoxide production induced by N9 microglia. Our findings indicate that ginsenoside Rbl attenuates damage to cerebral cortex neu-rons by downregulation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor-a expression in hypoxia-activated microglia.

关键词： nerve regeneration traditional Chinese medicine ischemia/hypoxia microglia neurons apoptosis ginsenoside Rb l nerve inflammation factor NSFC grant neural regeneration

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: From biological characteristics to therapeutic mechanisms

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第8期11卷 548-564页

作者： Fei Yin Wen-Ying Wang Wen-Hua Jiang department of histology and Embryology Basic Medical College of Jilin University

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or scar tissue within the liver;in addition, its formation is associated with multiple cytokines as well as several cell types and a variety of signaling pathways. When liver fibrosis is not well controlled, it can progress to liver cirrhosis, but it is reversible in principle. Thus far, no efficient therapy is available for treatment of liver fibrosis. Although liver transplantation is the preferred strategy, there are many challenges remaining in this approach, such as shortage of donor organs, immunological rejection, and surgical complications. Hence, there is a great need for an alternative therapeutic strategy. Currently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis;advantageously, the characteristics of MSCs are continuous self-renewal, proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory activities. The human umbilical cord-derived (hUC)-MSCs possess not only the common attributes of MSCs but also more stable biological characteristics, relatively easy accessibility, abundant source, and no ethical issues (e.g., bone marrow being the adult source), making hUC-MSCs a good choice for treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs and their paracrine effects, exerted by secretion of various cytokines, which ultimately promote liver repair through several signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the capacity of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells for compensating the function of existing hepatocytes, which may aid in amelioration of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the current status of the research field and its future prospects.

关键词： Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Liver fibrosis Hepatocytelike cells Mechanism Cell therapy Paracrine effect Exosome Transdifferentiation

The mutual interaction between the host spinal cord and grafted undifferentiated stem cells fosters the production of a lesion-induced secretome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1844-1845页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged

Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury:Injury to the spinal cord results in loss of gray and white matter i.e.,it produces a segmental spinal cord lesion and,as a consequence leads to a fatal loss of motor,sensory and autonomic functions.Spinal cord injuries in humans and other mammals are not followed by the replacement of lost neurons and oligodendrocytes and regrowth of injured axons,instead they lead to permanent,fatal and incurable functional deficits.The primary physical injury is followed by a cascade of tissue-decaying events,called secondary injury,which leads to ischemia,vascular disruption,neuroinflammation,excitotoxicity,demyelination and death of neurons and glial cells(Silva et al.,2014;Figure 1A).The direct mechanical disruption of the vasculature results in the increased permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier.Due to the leakiness of blood-spinal cord barrier and production of cytokines by activated microglia,a number of various immune cells(T lymphocytes,neutrophils and monocytes)invade the injury site.The macrophages generate a set of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6,which may further augment the secondary events(Ahuja et al.,2017).In addition,a number of other disruptive processes contribute to the heterogeneous and time-sensitive pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.

关键词： mutual Figure injuries

Cell-based therapy in Alzheimer's disease: can human fetal cholinergic neurons “untangle the skein”?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2105-2107页

作者： Giulia Guarnieri Erica Sarchielli Gabriella B.Vannelli Annamaria Morelli Anatomy and histology Unit Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Florence

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of old-age dementia.The disease is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions,gradual loss of memory an... 详细信息

关键词： untangle the skein can human fetal cholinergic neurons Cell-based therapy in Alzheimer’s disease

Exploring hematopoietic stem cell population in human milk and its benefits for infants:A scoping review

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第3期13卷 107-114,I0001-I0006页

作者： Ghaniyyatul Khudri Dewi Sukmawati department of histology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas BaiturrahmahPadangIndonesia department of histology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia

Objective:To comprehensively explore hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in human milk,understanding their molecular markers,isolation methods,benefits for infants,and potential medical applications.Methods:We conducted a scoping literature review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.This review included studies investigating HSCs in human milk,utilizing molecular markers such as CD34^(+),CD113^(+),and CD117^(+)for characterization.Both in vitro and in vivo studies exploring the morphology,function,and clinical implications of these cells were considered.The diverse range of papers reviewed were indexed in PubMed,Science Direct,Scopus,Sage Journals,and Google Scholar,published between 2010 and 2023.Results:This scoping review explored 577 articles and selected 13 studies based on our inclusion criteria,focusing on HSCs in human milk.Most studies dilute samples prior to HSC isolation,followed by detection using markers such as CD34^(+),CD113^(+),and CD117^(+),with flow cytometry serving as the primary analysis tool,focusing on their isolation and detection methods.While no definitive benefits have been conclusively established,there is a strong belief in the potential of HSCs to positively impact infant immunity,growth,and tissue repair.Conclusions:This review presents significant evidence supporting the presence of HSCs in human milk,identified by markers such as CD34^(+),CD113^(+),and CD117^(+).These cells show considerable potential in enhancing infant health,including immunity,tissue repair,cognitive development,and gastrointestinal health.Despite methodological variations in isolation and detection techniques,the collective findings underscore the potential clinical relevance of HSCs in human milk.Moreover,this review highlights the noninvasive accessibility of human milk as a source of HSCs and emphasizes the need for further research to unlock their therapeutic potential.

关键词： CD34^(+) Cellular components Hematopoietic stem cells Human milk Stem cells

Septation of the Intrapericardial Arterial Trunks in the Ear Human Embryonic Heart

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第12期131卷 1457-1464页

作者： Yan-Ping Yang Hai-Rong Li Xi-Mei Cao Cong-Jin Qiao Jing Ya department of histology and Embryology Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China

Background： Outflow tract （OFT） septation defects are a common cause of congenital heart disease. Numerous studies have focused on the septation mechanism of the OFT, but have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the septation of the aortic sac and the OFT in the early embryonic human heart. Methods： Serial sections of 27 human embryonic hearts from Carnegie stage （CS） 10 to CS19 were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and myosin heavy chain. Results： At CS10-CS11, the OFT wail was an exclusively myocardial structure that was continuous with the aortic sac at the margin of the pericardial cavity. From CS13 onward, the OFT was divided into nonmyocardial and myocardial portions. The cushion formed gradually, and its distal border with the OFT myocardium was consistently maintained. The aortic sac between the fourth and sixth aortic arch arteries was degenerated. At CS16, the α-SMA-positive aortopulmonary septum formed and fused with the two OFT cushions, thus septating the nonmyocardial portion of the OFT into two arteries. At this stage, the cushions were not fused. At CS19, the bilateral cushions were fused to septate the myocardial portion of the OFT. Conclusions： Data suggest that the OFT cushion is formed before the aortopulmonary septum is formed. Thus, the OFT cushion is not derived from the aortopuhnonary septum. In addition, the nonmyocardial part of the OFT is septated into the aorta and pulmonary trunk by the aortopulmonary septum, while the main part of the cushion fuses and septates the myocardial portion of the OFT.

关键词： Aortopulmonary Septum： Human Embryonic Heart Immunohistochemistry Outflow Tract： Outflow Tract Cushion

Thrombin in peripheral nerves:friend or foe?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1223-1224页

作者： Elena Pompili Cinzia Fabrizi department of Anatomy HistologyForensic Medicine and OrthopedicsSapienza UniversityRomeItaly

Differently from the central nervous system(CNS),the peripheral nervous system(PNS)exhibits a high regenerative capacity.This ability is related to the remarkable plasticity of Schwann cells(SCs)which after nerve injury convert to a repair-promoting phenotype to a large extent.Nerve injury is accompanied by a rapid rise of thrombin levels(Bushi et al.,2016;Gera et al.,2016).Thrombin is the key effector protease of the coagulation cascade which elicits hormonelike actions by the activation of G-protein coupled receptors known as proteaseactivated receptors(PARs).Inflammation and coagulation are two complex and interconnected pathways whose mutual interactions have been only partially elucidated.

关键词： mutual injury convert