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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan University Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA) is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor cells. Unlike the typical chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is circular, self-replicating, and carries complete or partial gene fragments. Although ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer, recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer, implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor evolution. ecDNA has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden, chromosomal instability, and even tumor microenvironment remodeling. ecDNA may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity, drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence, and tumor immunogenicity, leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor patients. In this way, several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, characteristics, and current research methods of ecDNA, discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers, and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

关键词： extrachromosomal DNA cancer therapy tumor heterogeneity drug resistance tumor evolution

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Recent Progress on Aeroelasticity of high-Performance Morphing UAVs

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第10期133卷 1-29页

作者： Binbin Lv Jun Zha Kaichun Zeng Hongtao Guo Li Yu Peng Zhang Institute of high Speed Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

The high-performance morphing aircraft has become a research focus all over the *** morphing aircraft,unlike regular unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),has more complicated aerodynamic characteristics,making itmore difficultto conduct its design,model analysis,and *** paper reviews the recent process and the current status of aeroelastic issues,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel test of morphing *** evaluation of aerodynamic characteristics,mechanism,and relevant unsteady dynamic aerodynamicmodeling throughout the morphing process are the primary technological bottlenecks formorphing *** unstable aerodynamic forces have a significant impact on the aircraft handling characteristics,control law design,and flight *** the past,the structural analysis of morphing aircrafts,flight dynamics modeling,computational mesh morphing technology,and aerodynamic calculation were performed in promoting the development of next generation UAVs,with nonlinear dynamic challenges includingtransonic aeroelastic problems and high angle of attack aeroelastic *** present,many facets of these difficulties,together with the accompanying numerical simulation studies,remain *** addition,wind tunnel experiments face significant challenges in the dynamic morphing ***,dynamic unsteady aerodynamic characteristics in the continuous morphing process still need to be verified by more related experiments.

关键词： Morphing aircraft aeroelasticity numerical simulation wind tunnel test

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Numerical Simulation research on Static Aeroelastic Effect of the Transonic Aileron of a high Aspect Ratio Aircraf

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第9期132卷 991-1010页

作者： Hongtao Guo Changrong Zhang Binbin Lv Li Yu Institute of high Speed Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

The static aeroelastic effect of aircraft ailerons with high aspect ratio at transonic velocity is investigated in this paper by the CFD/CSD fluid-structure coupling numerical *** influences of wing static aeroelasticity and the‘scissor opening’gap width between aileron control surface and the main wing surface on aileron efficiency are mainly *** main purpose of this paper is to provide technical support for the wind tunnel experimental model of aileron static *** results indicate that the flight dynamic pressure has a great influence on the static aeroelastic effect of ailerons,and the greater the dynamic pressure,the lower the aileron *** deflection causes asymmetric elastic deformation of the main wing surfaces of the left and right *** torque difference caused by the load distribution on the main wing surface offsets the rolling torque generated by the *** results in a significant reduction in aileron efficiency,and it is noticeable that it is not the elastic deformation of the aileron itself or the reduction in effective deflection that leads to the reduction in rolling control *** typical transonic conditions,the rolling control torque of the aileron can be reduced by more than 25%,in the range of 2.5–10 mm,and the‘scissor opening’gap width of the aileron has almost no influence on its static aeroelastic effect.

关键词： Static aeroelasticity numerical simulation aerodynamic characteristics aileron efficiency

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The stability analysis of rolling motion of hypersonic vehicles and its validations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第12期57卷 2194-2204页

作者： YE YouDa ZHAO ZhongLiang TIAN Hao ZHANG XianFeng State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center National Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics high Speed Institute of China Aerodynamic research and development center

The stability of the rolling motion of near space hypersonic vehicles with rudder control is studied using method of qualitative analysis of nonlinear differential equations, and the stability criteria of the deflected rolling motions are improved. The out- comes can serve as the basis for further study regarding the influence of pitching and lateral motion on the stability of rolling motion. To validate the theoretical results, numerical simulations were do^e for the rolling motion of two hypersonic vehicles with typical configurations. Also, wind tunnel experiments for four aircraft models with typical configurations have been done. The results show that： 1） there exist two dynamic patterns of the rolling motion under statically stable condition. The first one is point attractor, for which the motion of aircraft returns to the original state. The second is periodic attractor, for which the aircraft rolls periodically. 2） Under statically unstable condition, there exist three dynamic patterns of rolling motion, namely, the point attractor, periodic attractor around deflected state of rolling motion, and double periodic attractors or chaotic attrac- tors.

关键词： rolling motion stability criterion numerical simulation wind tunnel experiment

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Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第10期20卷 2955-2968页

作者： Wei Zhang Yubao Lu Ruoqi Shen Yingjie Wu Chenrui Liu Xingxing Fang Liangming Zhang Bin Liu Limin Rong Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)Key Laboratory for Quality research and Evaluation of Cell Products GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial center for Engineering and technology research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Microglia,the resident monocyte of the central nervous system,play a crucial role in the response to spinal cord ***,the precise mechanism remains *** investigate the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate the neuroinflammatory response to spinal cord injury,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis,focusing on changes in microglial *** found that the MG1 subpopulation emerged in the acute/subacute phase of spinal cord injury and expressed genes related to cell pyroptosis,sphingomyelin metabolism,and neuroinflammation at high ***,we established a mouse model of contusive injury and performed intrathecal injection of siRNA and molecular inhibitors to validate the role of ceramide synthase 5 in the neuroinflammatory responses and pyroptosis after spinal cord ***,we established a PC12-BV2 cell co-culture system and found that ceramide synthase 5 and pyroptosis-associated proteins were highly expressed to induce the apoptosis of neuron *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in a mouse model of spinal cord injury effectively reduced ***,ceramide synthase 5-induced pyroptosis was dependent on activation of the NLRP3 signaling *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia in vivo reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted recovery of neurological ***2g7 formed a“bridge”between sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide synthase 5-mediated cell death by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling ***,these findings suggest that inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia after spinal cord injury effectively suppressed microglial pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

关键词： ceramide synthase 5 gasdermin D microglia neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factor kappa B Pla2g7 pyroptosis sphingomyelin metabolism spinal cord injury

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Analysis of the anti-T2DM components in dichloromethane fraction of Schisandra sphenanthera and its mechanism

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Traditional Medicine research 2025年第1期10卷 27-43页

作者： Shi-Bo Feng Hai-Hui Jiang Hui-Li Kang Yi Jiang Hua-Wei Zhang Xiao-Mei Song Yu-Ze Li Wen-Li Huang Dong-Dong Zhang Chong Deng School of Pharmacy Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712046China School of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Qinling Application development and Engineering center of Chinese Herbal Medicine Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712046China Key Laboratory for research and development of“Qin Medicine”of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of research and Application of“Taibai Qi Yao” Xianyang 712046China

Background:The type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)pharmacodynamic study of various parts of Schisandra sphenanthera was conducted in the previous stage,and it was found that dichloromethane extracted part(SDP)had a significant hypoglycemic ***,the components of SDP were analyzed,and the specific mechanism of its anti-T2DM was ***:We used a high-fat,high-sugar diet in combination with streptozotocin to induce a T2DM rat model,and the model rats were divided into two groups according to body weight and blood ***,oral glucose tolerance test,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,superoxide dismutase,insulin,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,nonesterified free fatty acids,alanine aminotransferase,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate aminotransferase,malondialdehyde,and glutathione peroxidase were measured,organ indices were calculated,and pathological sections of pancreas and liver were *** 16S rRNA V3–V4 region of intestinal flora was sequenced to explore the effect of SDP on biochemical indicators and intestinal *** on the above indicators,the anti-T2DM mechanism of SDP in Schisandra sphenanthera was ***:After six weeks of administration,the biochemical indices of diabetic rats were diminished compared to the control *** SDP could significantly increase the gut microbialα-diversity index,resulting in significant changes in the flora of T2DM rats,with increased richness and diversity,reduced harmful flora,and significantly back-regulated the levels of acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric ***:SDP can improve the symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose,dyslipidemia,elevated fasting insulin levels,and damaged glucose tolerance in *** against T2DM may be through the control of intestinal flora to normalize and exert anti-diabetic effect;its main active components may be lignans and terpenoids.

关键词： Schisandra sphenanthera T2DM intestinal flora HPLC

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Printing perovskite and graphene parallel structure-based optical-mechanical sensors for human-machine interaction

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Science China technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Sisi CHEN Jiemin ZHANG Nan CHENG Wenbo LI Jing LIU Hongfei XIE Jie ZHANG Yueying CHENG Xiaotong ZHAO Meng SU Yanlin SONG Key Laboratory of Green Printing CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Weiyang College Tsinghua University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery First Medical Center PLA General Hospital AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing Institute of Graphene technology Beijing Engineering research Centre of Graphene Application School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing National research center for Information Science and technology (BNRist) Tsinghua University

Surgical robots are designed to provide enhanced precision and dexterity compared to manual surgical procedures,which mainly rely on multimodal sensing technologies for the surgeon to seamlessly operate the robotic arms and *** with single-mode sensors, optical and mechanical bi-modal sensors provide improved precision, enhanced safety,and robustness of human-machine interaction systems. Here, the template-guided and pneumatic printing technologies are combined to construct perovskite and graphene parallel structures with both optical and mechanical sensing capabilities. The printed uniformly crystallized perovskite microstructure exhibits fast and sensitive photoelectric response characteristics,enabling shadow recognition functionality. The combination of graphene and elastic rubber endows the great printability to prepare parallel structures near the perovskite arrays for force sensing capabilities. Thus, the printed perovskite and graphene structures possess non-contact optical sensing capabilities to detect hand position by recognizing shadows between the hand and the sensor, as well as contact mechanical sensing capabilities to detect touch force applied by the hand. It provides a synergistic platform for real-time and multidimensional feedback to improve human-machine interaction.

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Electric field modulation technique for high-voltage AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第10期22卷 406-411页

作者：汤岑谢刚张丽郭清汪涛盛况 College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Division of Energy High Technology Research and Development Centerthe Ministry of Science and Technology

A novel structure of AIGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode （SBD） featuring electric field optimization techniques of anode-connected-field-plate （AFP） and magnesium-doped p-type buried layer under the two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG） channel is proposed. In comparison with conventional A1GaN/GaN SBDs, the magnesium-doped p-type buried layer in the proposed structure can provide holes that can help to deplete the surface 2DEG. As a result, surface field strength around the electrode edges is significantly suppressed and the electric field along the channel is distributed more evenly. Through 2D numerical analysis, the AFP parameters （field plate length, LAFP, and field plate height, TAFP） and p-type buried layer parameters （p-type layer concentration, Np, and p-type layer thickness, Tp） are optimized to achieve a three-equal-peak surface channel field distribution under exact charge balance conditions. A novel structure with a total drift region length of 10.5 μm and a magnesium-doped p-type concentration of 1 × 10^17 cm 3 achieves a high breakdown voltage （VB） of 1.8 kV, showing 5 times improvement compared with the conventional SBD with the same device dimension.

关键词： gallium nitride high voltage SBD field plate magnesium buried layer

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Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors

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Oncology research 2025年第1期33卷 15-26页

作者： SOROUSH SOLEYMANI MOHAMMAD DOROUDIAN MAHDIEH SOEZI ALI BELADI KIARASH ASGARI ASO MOBARAKSHAHI ARYANA AGHAEIPOUR RONAN MACLOUGHLIN Department of Cell and Molecular Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesKharazmi UniversityTehran15719-14911Iran Cancer Epidemiology research center Aja University of Medical SciencesTehran14117-18541Iran Medical Biotechnology research center Aja University of Medical SciencesTehran14117-18541Iran Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Natural SciencesImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)DublinD02 YN77Ireland research and development Science and Emerging TechnologiesAerogen Ltd.Galway Business ParkGalwayH91 HE94Ireland School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity CollegeDublinD02 PN40Ireland

Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain *** median survival time is typically less than a year after *** of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous *** blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of *** blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain *** delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this ***,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and *** nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery *** review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain *** also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.

关键词： Nanoparticles Smart nanoparticles Stimuli responsive nanoparticles Targeted nanoparticles Blood-brain barrier(BBB) Brain cancer

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Computational protein design and structure prediction—the 2024Nobel prize in chemistry

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Peilong Lu Lei Liu School of Life Sciences and research center for Industries of the Future Westlake University Tsinghua-Peking Joint center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University

The 2024 Nobel prize in chemistry recognizes groundbreaking advancements in protein science, highlighting the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to decipher and design the molecular machinery of life. Half of the prize was awarded to David Baker for the computational design of proteins; the other to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their AI-driven predictions of protein structures. This article briefly reviews their achievements, and discusses the opportunities and directions that their work has enabled (Figure1).

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