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Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Shell-and-Tube Molten Salt Electric Heater with Circularly Perforated Baffles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 24-33页

作者： LIN Yongjie ZHANG Cancan WU Yuting ZHANG Yi LU Yuanwei Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion National User-Side Energy Storage Innovation Research and Development CenterBeijing University of Technology

Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of four shell-and-tube molten salt electric heaters with different perforation rates was ***-and-tube electric heaters have the same geometry and tube arrangement,and all of them use single segmental baffles,but there exist four different baffle openings（φ）,i.e.,0%,2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%.The results indicated that the reasonable baffle opening could significantly reduce the shell-side pressure drop,effectively decreasing the shell-side flow dead zone *** can eliminate the local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of electric heating tubes,but the heat transfer coefficient is slightly *** perforated schemes significantly reduce shell-side pressure drop compared to the baseline solution without open *** particular,the φ=6.31% scheme exhibits the optimal performance among all the schemes,with a maximum reduction of up to 50.50% in shell-side pressure drop relative to the unopened holes *** heat transfer coefficient is the highest for φ=0%,exhibiting a range of5.26% to 5.73%,5.14% to 5.99%,and 7.31% to 8.54% higher than φ=2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%,respectively,within the calculated *** composite index h/（Δp）1/3was higher for all open-hole solutions than that for the unopened-hole *** best overall performance was for φ=6.31%,which improved the composite index by15.29% to 17.18% over the unopened-hole solution.

关键词： molten salt electric heater perforated baffles heat transfer

Reconstructing forest and grassland cover changes in China over the past millennium

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 94-110页

作者： Fanneng HE Fan YANG Yafei WANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable development Henan University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

historical forest and grassland cover changes not only are critical indicators for quantifying ecological and environmental change processes but also serve as fundamental data for long-term climate change simulations and terrestrial ecosystem carbon emission assessments. However, because of limitations in historical data, quantitative estimations and spatially gridded reconstructions of these changes remain challenging, necessitating further methodological exploration. This study focused on China's present-day land area over the past millennium, objectively capturing the characteristics and drivers of forest and grassland cover changes. On this basis, using the forest transition theory and the space-for-time substitution method, we depicted the historical deforestation process as an inverted “S” curve and developed a model to reconstruct historical forest area changes based on the functional relationship between the forest area and population size dynamics. Subsequently, a gridded forest allocation model was established on the basis of deforestation tendencies. For the grassland cover, we implemented regionspecific methods, such as the cropland area deduction method and the habitat constraint method, to quantitatively reconstruct historical changes. Consequently, we obtained provincial forest and grassland area changes over the past millennium and mapped 10-km-resolution gridded data of forest and grassland cover. The results indicated the following.(1) The methods developed using population data as a proxy objectively reproduced the spatiotemporal evolution of forest and grassland cover in China over the past millennium. These feasible methods offer a novel pathway for the quantitative reconstruction of historical forest and grassland cover changes.(2) The data indicated that China's forest area generally decreased over the past millennium, characterized by a “decrease-then-increase” pattern. The forest area experienced three distinct phases: a slow decline(AD 1000

关键词： Land use and land cover change Forest Grassland Quantitative reconstruction Gridded reconstruction China historical period

Machine learning empowers efficient design of ternary organic solar cells with PM6 donor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 337-347页

作者： Kiran A.Nirmal Tukaram D.Dongale Santosh S.Sutar Atul C.Khot Tae Geun Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea University Computational Electronics and Nanoscience research Laboratory School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology Shivaji University Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural development Shivaji University

Organic solar cells(OSCs) hold great potential as a photovoltaic technology for practical ***, the traditional experimental trial-and-error method for designing and engineering OSCs can be complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Machine learning(ML) techniques enable the proficient extraction of information from datasets, allowing the development of realistic models that are capable of predicting the efficacy of materials with commendable accuracy. The PM6 donor has great potential for high-performance OSCs. However, it is crucial for the rational design of a ternary blend to accurately forecast the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of ternary OSCs(TOSCs) based on a PM6 ***, we collected the device parameters of PM6-based TOSCs and evaluated the feature importance of their molecule descriptors to develop predictive models. In this study, we used five different ML algorithms for analysis and prediction. For the analysis, the classification and regression tree provided different rules, heuristics, and patterns from the heterogeneous dataset. The random forest algorithm outperforms other prediction ML algorithms in predicting the output performance of PM6-based TOSCs. Finally, we validated the ML outcomes by fabricating PM6-based TOSCs. Our study presents a rapid strategy for assessing a high PCE while elucidating the substantial influence of diverse descriptors.

关键词： Random forests

Impact of Bubbles on Mechanical Performances in a Borosilicate Glass

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 25-29页

作者： LI Chengxing LI Dongfeng MA Shilong QIAO Ang ZHENG Qingshuang China Helicopter research and development Institute Jingdezhen 333001China State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Ar-chitectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

To analyze the impact of bubbles on the mechanical behavior of glasses,by controlling the refining time,we prepared three borosilicate glasses with the same composition and different *** the analysis software integrated within the optical microscope,the diameter and number of the bubbles on the surface of three borosilicate glasses were *** the hardness and crack initiation resistance(CR),we built the relationship between the porosity and the mechanical performance of these borosilicate glasses.

关键词： bubbles oxide glass hardness creak initiation resistance

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Self-assembled carbon monoxide nanoprodrug for chemiexcitationtriggered synergistic chemotherapy against breast cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shunfei Cui Yiyao Pan Chenzhe Ma Bin Qi Qingqiang Min Ming Li Huabing Chen Hengte Ke Xingyue Ji Jiangsu Province Engineering research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics development College of Pharmaceutical ScienceSoochow University

Carbon monoxide（CO） has recently been well-established as a promising therapeutic modality against cancer. The development of transition-metal-free and tumor-targeted delivery platforms for CO is highly demanded but remains very sporadic. Herein, we developed a polyprodrug system for the co-delivery of CO and a chemotherapeutic agent combretastin A-4（CA-4） to the tumor site based on a chemiexcitation mechanism. Such a poly-prodrug successfully achieved the co-activation of CO and CA-4 in response to H2O2at the tumor site both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, a synergist effect between CO and CA-4 was observed in suppressing tumor growth in a mouse tumor model. It is anticipated that such a poly-prodrug system could be potentially adapted for the co-delivery of CO and another drug payload for combinational therapy for other indications.

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A Comprehensive Survey on Federated Learning Applications in Computational Mental Healthcare

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 49-90页

作者： Vajratiya Vajrobol Geetika Jain Saxena Amit Pundir Sanjeev Singh Akshat Gaurav Savi Bansal Razaz Waheeb Attar Mosiur Rahman Brij B.Gupta Institute of Informatics and Communication University of DelhiDelhi110021India Maharaja Agrasen College University of DelhiDelhi110096India Computer Engineering Ronin InstituteMontclairNJ 07043USA Department of research and Innovation Insights2TechinfoJaipur302001India University centre for research and development(UCRD) Chandigarh UniversityChandigarh140413India Management Department College of Business AdministrationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia CCRI&Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung413Taiwan Symbiosis centre for Information technology(SCIT) Symbiosis International UniversityPune411057India Center for Interdisciplinary research University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES)Dehradun248007India

Mental health is a significant issue worldwide,and the utilization of technology to assist mental health has seen a growing *** aims to alleviate the workload on healthcare professionals and aid *** applications have been developed to support the challenges in intelligent healthcare ***,because mental health data is sensitive,privacy concerns have *** learning has gotten some *** research reviews the studies on federated learning and mental health related to solving the issue of intelligent healthcare *** explores various dimensions of federated learning in mental health,such as datasets(their types and sources),applications categorized based on mental health symptoms,federated mental health frameworks,federated machine learning,federated deep learning,and the benefits of federated learning in mental health *** research conducts surveys to evaluate the current state of mental health applications,mainly focusing on the role of Federated Learning(FL)and related privacy and data security *** survey provides valuable insights into how these applications are emerging and evolving,specifically emphasizing FL’s impact.

关键词： Depression emotional recognition intelligent healthcare systems mental health federated learning stress detection sleep behaviour

Formation mechanism of deep natural hydrogen in the Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiaomei WANG Kun HE Chunlong YANG Hao XIE Xiaobo WANG Yitong LYU Linfeng XIE Shuichang ZHANG research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & development PetroChina Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation International Center for Isotope Effects research School of Earth Science and Engineering Nanjing University

As a potential renewable and clean energy source,the distribution and exploration prospects of natural hydrogen have garnered widespread ***,the limitations in understanding the formation mechanisms and accumulation patterns of underground natural hydrogen have significantly constrained its efficient exploration and *** study reports H2content and isotopes in natural gas from deep formations in sedimentary basins through geochemical analysis of 58 conventional gas samples from the Sinian to Triassic strata in the central Sichuan *** discovered that H2content in deep natural gas in central Sichuan generally exceeds 0.1%,with a maximum of 1.6%,and hydrogen isotopes (δ2HH2) range from-850‰to-586‰.Analysis of the geological conditions,hydrogen generation mechanisms,and isotope fractionation characteristics in the study area confirms that microbial fermentation or in-situ organic matter cracking are not effective pathways for deep *** with helium content and isotope analysis of the natural gas,it is inferred that the volcanic basement in the central Sichuan area is the potential source rock for natural H2in the Sinian to Triassic ***,H2originates from the radiolysis of water and hydrothermal reactions of Fe（II） in the basement ***,a diffusion fractionation model reveals significant isotope fractionation during the migration and accumulation of deep H2into sedimentary reservoirs,which lead to anomalously light δ2HH2in deep natural gas in central *** indicates that the underground natural hydrogen accumulation is in a long-term dynamic process,with simultaneous H2accumulation and dissipation in the gas *** research not only elucidates the formation mechanism of deep H2but also provides insights for the resource potential of natural hydrogen in sedimentary basins.

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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Personalized federated few-shot node classification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 204-218页

作者： Yunfeng ZHAO Xintong HE Guoxian YU Jun WANG Yongqing ZHENG Carlotta DOMENICONI School of Software Shandong University Joint SDU-NTU centre for Artificial Intelligence research Shandong University Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science George Mason University

Personalized federated learning(PFL) aims to train customized models for individual clients in a decentralized setting, with the account of non-independent and identically distributed data across clients. However, most PFL methods adopt uniform classification layers for diverse clients and give rise to error-prone predictions, due to the task heterogeneity notably prominent in decentralized graph data scenarios. Although some PFL solutions setup client-specific classification layers for each client and optimize them only locally, they are corrupted with limited local training data. We propose an innovative solution called federated parameter decoupling and node augmentation(Fed PANo) to address these problems and to achieve personalized federated few-shot node classification, which is a prevalent and challenging but unexplored topic. Specifically, Fed PANo first separates the local model into the GNN and classifier to handle unique client-specific task variations. The GNN is trained through federated learning to capture shared knowledge of graph nodes across clients, while the classifier is custom-designed and trained individually for each client. Additionally, a generic classifier shared among clients is adopted to encourage the GNN's grasp of shared information. Then Fed PANo further proposes the node generator along with its local and collaborative training strategies to deal with the node scarcity of clients. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets confirm that Fed PANo outperforms eight competitive baselines across different settings.

关键词： personalized federated learning few-shot learning node classification task heterogeneity parameter decoupling node augmentation