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Exploring the influences of education,intelligence and income on mental disorders

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 64-72页

作者： Ancha Baranova Hongbao Cao Fuquan Zhan George Mason University FairfaxVirginiaUSA research Centre for Medical genetics MoscowRussia Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Brain Hospital NanjingZhejiangChina

Background Previous studies have shown that educational attainment(EA),intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders.However,the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear.Aims We aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental disorders.Methods Using genome-wide association study summary datasets,we performed Mendelian randomisation(MR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors(EA,N=766345;household income,N=392422;intelligence,N=146808)and 13 common mental disorders,with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to 807553.Inverse-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR analysis.Results Our MR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa,obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),bipolar disorder(BD)and autism spectrum disorder(ASD);(2)higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD;(3)higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia nervosa.Our MVMR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia,BD and ASD;(2)higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder(MDD)and ASD;(3)higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders,including schizophrenia,BD,MDD,ASD,post-traumatic stress disorder,ADHD and anxiety disorder.Conclusions Our study reveals that education,intelligence and income intertwine with each other.For each factor,its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.

关键词： protective disorders income

Synthesis of betanin by expression of the core betalain biosynthetic pathway in carrot

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 732-742页

作者： Bo Wang Yahui Wang Yuanjie Deng Quanhong Yao Aisheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural genetics and Breeding Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural ScienceShanghai 201106China

Betalain has received increased attention because of its high nutritional value and crucial physiological functions.Based on the elucidation of its core biosynthetic pathway,betalain can be produced in additional plants by metabolic engineering.Synthesis of betalain in carrot(Daucus carota L.)can improve its nutritional quality and economic value by extracting betalain from the fleshy root,non-edible part,and processing residue of carrot.In this study,two different constructs,namely,pYB:mCD(AomelOS,BvCYP76AD1S,and BvDODA1S)and p YB:CDD(BvCYP76AD1S,BvDODA1S,and MjcDOPA5GTS),were introduced into carrot for betanin synthesis by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Betanin can be synthetized in both transgenic calli,and p YB:m CD-transgenic callus can be used to produce betacyanin by suspension culture.However,pYB:mCD-transgenic seedlings can synthetize betanin only by tyrosine feeding.The p YB:CDD-transgenic lines can synthetize betanin in whole plants.The betanin content in fleshy root of pYB:CDD-transgenic carrot was(63.4±9)μg·g^(-1)fresh weight according to quantitative analysis.These betanin-producing carrot plant materials can be used to synthesize betanin for industrial application or consumption as dietary sources.

关键词： Daucus carota L. Betanin Biosynthesis Metabolic engineering Biofortification

Managing type 2 diabetes:targeting a microbial enzyme as a novel treatment option

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 3-5页

作者： Anikó Keller-Pintér Tamás Korcsmáros Tibor Vellai Department of Biochemistry Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzeged6720Hungary Department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonW120NNUK Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR47UQUK Department of genetics Eötvös Loránd University(ELTE)Budapest1117Hungary Hungarian research Network HUN-REN-ELTE genetics research Group Budapest1117Hungary

In a recent Science article,Wang and colleagues showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)enzyme produced by the gut microbiota can interfere with the effect of host glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)involved in stimulating insulin secretion,and the specific inhibitor of microbial DPP4(mDPP4),combined with clinical inhibitors of host DPP4 isoenzymes,further promotes blood glucose homeostasis.1 These results point out why certain patients respond inadequately to an antidiabetic medication.

关键词： homeostasis stimulating clinical

Role of lysosomal trafficking regulator in autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons:a disease perspective

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 957-958页

作者： Prashant Sharma Jenny Serra-Vinardell Wendy J.Introne May Christine V.Malicdan NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program Common FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Human Biochemical genetics Section Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA(Serra-Vinardell JIntrone)

Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Their acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate degradation.Dysfunction in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular homeostasis.High energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological diseases.Autophagy,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal utilization.It plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.

关键词： homeostasis lysosomal removing

Leveraging the potential of big genomic and phenotypic data for genome-wide association mapping in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 803-813页

作者： Moritz Lell Yusheng Zhao Jochen C.Reif Leibniz Institute of Plant genetics and Crop Plant research(IPK) Corrensstraße 3D-06466 SeelandGermany

Genome-wide association mapping studies(GWAS)based on Big Data are a potential approach to improve marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.The number of available phenotypic and genomic data sets in which medium-sized populations of several hundred individuals have been studied is rapidly increasing.Combining these data and using them in GWAS could increase both the power of QTL discovery and the accuracy of estimation of underlying genetic effects,but is hindered by data heterogeneity and lack of interoperability.In this study,we used genomic and phenotypic data sets,focusing on Central European winter wheat populations evaluated for heading date.We explored strategies for integrating these data and subsequently the resulting potential for GWAS.Establishing interoperability between data sets was greatly aided by some overlapping genotypes and a linear relationship between the different phenotyping protocols,resulting in high quality integrated phenotypic data.In this context,genomic prediction proved to be a suitable tool to study relevance of interactions between genotypes and experimental series,which was low in our case.Contrary to expectations,fewer associations between markers and traits were found in the larger combined data than in the individual experimental series.However,the predictive power based on the marker-trait associations of the integrated data set was higher across data sets.Therefore,the results show that the integration of medium-sized to Big Data is an approach to increase the power to detect QTL in GWAS.The results encourage further efforts to standardize and share data in the plant breeding community.

关键词： Big Data Genome-wide association study Data integration Genomic prediction Wheat

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Defects in phospholipase C zeta cause polyspermy and low fertilization after conventional IVF:not just ICSI failure

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 175-182页

作者： Jian-Fang Che Hui-Xia Wu Si-Cong Zeng Yue-Ren Wu Jing Dai De-Hua Cheng Fei Gong Guang-Xiu Lu Ge Lin Can Dai School of Medicine Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410013China Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya Changsha 410008China Clinical research Center for Reproduction and genetics in Hunan Province Changsha 410078China National Engineering and research Center of Human Stem Cell Changsha 410205China

Phospholipase C zeta(PLC)is a key sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor that triggers Ca^(2+)oscillations and the subsequent block to polyspermy following gamete fusion.Mutations in PLCZ1,the gene encoding PLCζ,cause male infertility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)fertilization failure;and PLCζ expression and localization patterns are significantly correlated with ICSI fertilization rate(FR).However,in conventional in vitro fertilization(cIVF),whether and how sperm PLCζ affects fertilization remain unclear.Herein,we identified one previously reported and two novel PLCZ1 mutations associated with polyspermy in vitro that are characterized by excessive sperm-zona binding and a delay in pronuclei(PN)formation.Immunofluorescence staining and oocyte activation testing revealed that virtually all spermatozoa from patients lacked functional PLCζ and were thus unable to evoke Ca^(2+) oscillations.ICSI with an artificial oocyte activation treatment successfully rescued the polyspermic phenotype and resulted in a live birth.Furthermore,we analyzed PLCζ in an additional 58 males after cIVF treatment in the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CiTiC-Xiangya(Changsha,China)between February 2019 and January 2022.We found that the proportion of spermatozoa that expressed PLCζ was positively correlated with both 2PN rate and total FR.The optimal cutoff value below which males were likely to experience low FR(total FR≤30%)after clVF was 56.7%for the proportion of spermatozoa expressing PLC5.Our study expands the mutation and the phenotypic spectrum of PLCZ1 and further suggests that PLCζ constitutes a promising biomarker for identifying low FRs cases in cIVF due to sperm-related oocyte activation deficiency and that sperm PLCζ analysis may benefit the widermale population and not onlymen with IcsI failure.

关键词： conventional IVF gene variants PLCζ polyspermy

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the PbrATG family in Pyrus bretschneideri and functional analysis of PbrATG1a in response to Botryosphaeria dothidea

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 327-340页

作者： Yun Wang Xun Sun Zhenwu Zhang Zhihua Xie Kaijie Qi Shaoling Zhang Center of Pear Engineering Technology research State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China

The pear is an economic fruit that is widely planted around the world and is loved by people for its rich nutritional value. Autophagy is a self-protection mechanism in eukaryotes, and its occurrence often accompanied by the degradation of damaged substances in cells and the recycling of nutrients. Autophagy is one of the mechanisms through which plants respond to environmental stress and plays an important role in plant development and stress resistance. Functional studies of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been performed on a variety of plant species, but little information is available on the ATG family in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd). Therefore, we analyzed the evolutionary dynamics and performed a genome-wide characterization of the PbrATG gene family. A total of 28 PbrATG members were identified.Phylogenetic analysis showed that PbrATGs were more closely related to ATGs of European pear and apple. Evolutionary analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and dispersed duplication events were the main driving forces of PbrATG family expansion.Expression analysis of different pear tissues showed that all the genes were expressed in different pear tissues, and different PbrATGs are expressed at different times and in different locations. Moreover, all PbrATGs also responded to different abiotic stresses, especially salt and drought stress, which elicited the highest expression levels. Pear seedlings were subsequently infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea (B.dothidea). The results showed that different PbrATGs had different expression patterns at different infection stages. According to the gene expression data, PbrATG1a was selected as a key autophagy gene for further analysis. Silencing of PbrATG1a reduced the resistance of pear to B. dothidea, which resulted in increased lesions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression levels in the silenced pear seedlings after B. dothidea inoculation. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of

关键词： Autophagy Pear PbrATGs Abiotic stress Botryosphaeria dothidea PbrATG1a

Classical taxonomy,molecular phylogeny and genetic analysis of the genus Exitianus Ball,1929(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae)from Egypt

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Zoological Systematics 2024年第2期49卷 143-157页

作者： Rabab M.El-Hady Ahmed F.El-Sayed Survey&Taxonomy Department Plant Protection Research InstituteAgriculture Research CentreGizaEgypt Microbial genetics Department Biotechnology Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaEgypt Egypt Center for research and Regenerative Medicine(ECRRM) CairoEgypt

Egyptian species of the leafhopper genus Exitianus Ball,1929,E.capicola(St?l,1855),E.nanus(Distant,1908),and E.pondus Ross,1968 are reviewed.Illustrations,morphological descriptions,and a key for their identification are provided.In this study,we used molecular techniques to confirm morphological identification and detect phylogeny among the three Exitianus species.The partial nucleotide sequences of the amplified products obtained were determined by Macrogen Korea.The nucleotide sequences of 28S rDNA and COX genes of the EGY-ARC-9,EGY-ARC-4,and EGY-ARC-5 were determined by Macrogen Korea,blasted into BLAST at the National Center for Biotechnology Information website(NCBI)and compared with those deposited in the GenBank DNA database.The results represented the homology percentage between the partial sequences of the 28S rRNA and COX genes from each species and related species obtained from GenBank DNA database.The morphological identifications of the three Exitianus species were confirmed by molecular characterization and sequencing of 28S rDNA and COX genes and identified as E.capicola,E.nanus,and E.pondus.Also,their sequences of 28srDNA and COX genes were deposited in GenBank with an accession number(LC670610,LC670607,and OQ196105)for 28srDNA gene and(LC775357,LC775358,and LC775359)for the COX gene.

关键词： Auchenorrhyncha Chaismini taxonomic 28S rDNA phylogenetic

Inhibition of protein degradation increases the Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1897-1909页

作者： Yuting Liu Hanjia Li Yuan Chen Tambel Leila.I.M Zhenyu Liu Shujuan Wu Siqi Sun Xiang Zhang Dehua Chen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Agricultural research Cooperation Biotechnology and Biosafety Research CenterKhartoum 13314Sudan

Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton production is challenged by two main problems,i.e.,the low concentration of Bt protein at the boll setting stage and the lowest insect resistance in bolls among all the cotton plant’s organs.Therefore,increasing the Bt protein concentration at the boll stage,especially in bolls,has become the main goal for increasing insect resistance in cotton.In this study,two protein degradation inhibitors(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA)and leupeptin)were sprayed on the bolls,subtending leaves,and whole cotton plants at the peak flowering stage of two Bt cultivars(medium maturation Sikang 1(SK1))and early maturation Zhongmian 425(ZM425)in 2019 and 2020.The Bt protein content and protein degradation metabolism were assessed.The results showed that the Bt protein concentrations were enhanced by 21.3 to 38.8%and 25.0 to 38.6%in the treated bolls of SK1 and ZM425 respectively,while they were decreased in the subtending leaves of these treated bolls.In the treated leaves,the Bt protein concentrations increased by 7.6 to 23.5%and 11.2 to 14.9%in SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The combined application of EDTA and leupeptin to the whole cotton plant increased the Bt protein concentrations in both bolls and subtending leaves.The Bt protein concentrations in bolls were higher,increasing by 22.5 to 31.0%and 19.6 to 32.5%for SK1 and ZM425,respectively.The organs treated with EDTA or/and leupeptin showed reduced free amino acid contents,protease and peptidase activities and significant enhancements in soluble protein contents.These results indicated that inhibiting protein degradation could improve the protein content,thus increasing the Bt protein concentrations in the bolls or/and leaves of cotton plants.Therefore,the increase in the Bt protein concentration without yield reduction suggested that these two protein degradation inhibitors may be applicable for improving insect resistance in cotton production.

关键词： Bt cotton Bt protein inhibition of protein degradation protein degradation metabolism