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Comparative Study on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Different Post-exposure Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Regimens in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 178-186页

作者： SONG Yun HE Ying LU Xue Xin ZHANG Xiao Mei JIANG XIAO Lin SONG Qing HUANG Xue Yong MA Hong Xia YU Peng Cheng ZHU Wu Yang henan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Infectious Disease Prevention and Control InstituteHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease PathogensZhengzhou 450000HenanChina National Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention China CDCKey Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Health CommissionBeijing 102206China Shandong Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Jinan 250014ShandongChina Qingdao Chengyang District center for Disease control and prevention Qingdao 266108ShandongChina

Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and *** Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120after the first ***,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death *** a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28and 42 after the first *** A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time *** post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14–28 d)on the immunization potential.

关键词： Rabies Post-exposure immunization Essen regimen RVNAs

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 324-331页

作者： Yenan Feng Qiudong Su Lili Li Xiaozhou He Peihua Niu Xiaojuan Guo Xiang Zhao Jing Tang Zhiyuan Jia Ji Wang Changcheng Wu Baicheng Xia Zhixiao Chen Yuchao Wu Jing Yang Songqi Chen Cao Chen Shiwen Wang Xiaoping Dong National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In the first half of 2023,a global shift was observed towards the predominance of XBB *** faced a significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 and *** study aims to depict the evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China and explore the factors driving the predominance of XBB ***:Sequences from local and imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases recorded between January 1 and June 30,2023,were *** study analyzed the changing distribution of viral variants and assessed how the prior dominance of specific variants,XBB subvariants,and imported cases influenced the prevalence of the XBB replacement ***:A total of 56,486 sequences were obtained from local cases,and 8,669 sequences were from imported *** in April,there was a shift in the prevalence of XBB from imported to local cases,with varying dominance among *** PLADs previously high in BF.7,the rise of XBB was delayed.A positive correlation was found between XBB proportions in imported cases from January to March and local cases in *** distribution pattern of XBB subvariants differed between local and imported cases within the same *** significant differences were noted in the replacement rates of XBB ***:The timing of XBB dominance differed among various PLADs in China in the first half of 2023,correlating closely with the prevalence of XBB variants among imported cases.

关键词： dominance imported distribution

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Neglected Time Intervals Before “1-3-7” Approach About Imported Malaria Cases-China, 2014–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第17期6卷 363-367页

作者： Zhiquan He Yuanjing Kou Dan Wang Ying Liu Xiaofeng Lyu Hui Yan Wen Lin Xuan Zhang Duoquan Wang Shizhu Li Hongwei Zhang henan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Zhengzhou CityHenan ProvinceChina Anhui Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Hefei CityAnhui ProvinceChina Guangxi Zhuang autonomous Region center for Disease control and prevention Nanning CityGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Hubei Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Wuhan CityHubei ProvinceChina Zhejiang Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?China’s“1-3-7”approach outlines specific targets to guide and monitor the processes of case reporting,investigation,and ***,few studies have examined the time intervals preceding the initial step,and the timeline from the arrival of imported malaria cases in China to their diagnosis has been largely *** is added by this report?The study demonstrated that the median duration from arrival in China to the onset of symptoms for *** was 78 days,with 71.59%of imported cases manifesting symptoms after more than one *** ***,the median interval was 42 days,with 55.91%exceeding one ***,the median time from symptom onset to malaria treatment in China between 2014 and 2021 was 2 days,with an interquartile range(IQR)of 1-4 *** are the implications for public health practice?This study represents the initial effort to delineate the chronology of imported malaria cases,from their arrival in China to their subsequent *** results underscore the importance of providing malaria health education to populations arriving from ***,enhancing physician training is crucial for improving the diagnosis of malaria.

关键词： diagnosis Malaria exceeding

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Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province, China

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 42-52页

作者： Jian Wang Li Qiu Shuang Bai Wei Zhao Ao Zhang Jing Li Jun-Nan Zhang Shan-Shan Zhou Ren Qiu Zhu Huang Jv-Xia Liu Ting-Bin Wang Xue Sun Jiang Wu Qun Zheng Bin He Min Lv Beijing center for Disease prevention and control BeijingChina Beijing Research center for Respiratory Infectious diseases BeijingChina Hainan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention HaikouChina Haikou center for Disease control and prevention HaikouHainanChina Wanning center for Disease control and prevention WanningHainanChina Baisha County center for Disease control and prevention BaishaHainanChina Qiongzhong County center for Disease control and prevention QiongzhongHainanChina

Background The thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13)is not included in the national immu-nization program and is administered voluntarily with informed consent in *** preparation for assessing the impact of pilot introduction in Hainan Province,we conducted a carriage study among children under 5 years of age from four locations in Hainan Province,*** From March to June 2022,nasopharyngeal(NP)swabs,collected from healthy children aged younger than 59 months who lived in the 4 different locations(Haikou,Wanning,Baisha and Qiongzhong)in Hainan Province,were tested for pneumococcus using conventional *** isolates were serotyped using the Quel-lung *** factors associated with pneumococcal colonization were assessed using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age,daycare attendance and other *** Pneumococcus was isolated in 710(30.4%)of the 2333 children *** 737 pneumococci,29 serotypes were identifed;60.9%were PCV13 serotypes;the most common vaccine serotypes were 6B(20.4%),19F(13.0%),6A(11.9%)and 23F(6.1%);and the most common nonvaccine serotypes were 23A(12.9%),34(6.1%)and nontypeable(NT)pneumococci(5.6%).Children vaccinated with PCV13 had lower carriage(17.7%vs 32.5%;P=0.0001)and fewer PCV13 serotypes(41.9%vs 62.7%;P=0.0017)compared to unimmunized *** adjustment,NP carriage Was higher among children attending daycare(aOR=2.3,95%CI:1.7-3.2),living in rural areas(aOR=1.4,95%CI:1.1-1.8),living with siblings(aOR=1.3,95%CI:1.0-1.6)and whose mothers had completed senior high/technical sec-ondary school(aOR=1.5,95%CI:1.1-2.0).In contrast,completion of 3-4 doses of PCV13 were associated with a lower carriage rate(aOR=0.6,95%CI:0.4-0.9).Conclusions We established the baseline of pneumococcal carriage,serotype distribution and PCV13 immuni-zation rates among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province,prior to the introduction of PCV13 into th

关键词： Pneumococcus Nasopharyngeal carriage Serotypes distribution Children Hainan Province China

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Seasonal and Genetic Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus Circulating—henan Province,China,2017-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第20期6卷 450-456,I0001页

作者： Zhibo Xie Zhen Zhu Jin Xu Naiying Mao Aili Cui Wenhui Wang Yage Wang Zhibo Zhang Baicheng Xia Haoran Wang Zhen Sun Yan Zhang National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral DiseaseNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina henan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Luohe CityHenan ProvinceChina Luohe center for Disease control and prevention Luohe CityHenan ProvinceChina Luohe Central Hospital Luohe CityHenan ProvinceChina

Introduction:This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus(HMPV)in henan from 2017 to ***:Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection(ARI)testing positive for HMPV were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction The G gene was amplified and sequenced from these samples for epidemiological and phylogenetic ***:We enrolled 2,707 ARI patients from October 2017 to March 2023,finding an HMPV positivity rate of 6.17%(167/2,707).Children under five exhibited the highest infection rate at 7.78%(138/1,774).The 2018 and 2019 HMPV outbreaks predominantly occurred in spring(March to May),with peak positivity rates of 31.11%in May 2018 and 19.57%in May 2019.A notable increase occurred in November 2020,when positivity reached a historic high of 42.11%,continuing until January *** February 2021 through March 2023,no significant seasonal peaks were observed,with rates ranging from 0%to 8.70%.Out of 81 G gene sequences analyzed,46.91%(38/81)were identified as subtype A(A2c:45.67%,37/81;A2b:1.23%,1/81)and 53.09%(43/81)as subtype B(B1:9.88%,8/81;B2:43.21%,35/81).Notably,an AAABBA switch pattern was observed in HMPV *** dominant strains were A2c111nt-dup in subtype A and B2 in subtype ***:Six years of surveillance in henan Province has detailed the seasonal and genetic dynamics of HMPV,contributing valuable insights for the control and prevention of HMPV infections in *** findings support the development of targeted HMPV vaccines and immunization strategies.

关键词： prevention finding seasonal

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The Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox Cases-China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第26期6卷 619-623页

作者： Ruiqi Ren Chao Li Wenqing Bai Yali Wang Dan Li Fan Ding Niu Yan Qi Wang Nijuan Xiang Lianmei Jin Lei Zhou Wenling Wang Fan Lyu Peilong Li Dapeng Zhang Yan Li Quanyi Wang Qun Li Guoqing Shi National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese center for Disease control and prevention BeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National center for AIDS/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Municipal center for Disease prevention and control BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic *** of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been *** outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of *** is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM *** 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak *** prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in *** are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within *** from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational ***,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.

关键词： prompt Drawing spread

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First Case Report of Cystic Echinococcosis Caused by G7 Genotype Echinococcus intermedius Confirmed by Genetic Sequencing—Southern China,December 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第23期6卷 558-562页

作者： De Wu Jiayi Zhang Jieling Wang Yangyang Zhao Lei Wang Qiang Mao Haisen Lin Gang Yao Guanting Zhang Xu Wang Chuizhao Xue Ying Wang Jingdiao Chen Parasitic Disease prevention and control Institute Guangdong Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Epidemic prevention and control Institute Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of prevention&Healthcare Zhuhai First People's HospitalZhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)ShanghaiChina

What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis exhibits a global *** China,the primary endemic area is the northwest *** December 2023,we documented a case of echinococcosis in an individual lacking any travel or residential history in endemic *** is added by this report?This is the first laboratory-confirmed case of hepatic echinococcosis reported in Guangdong Province,associated with the G7 genotype of Echinococcus granulosus(***).The most probable mode of transmission is a local infection resulting from *** introduced from endemic *** are the implications for public health practice?As the circulation of agricultural products increases,it is essential to enhance the quarantine and management of livestock from epidemic areas to prevent and control the spread of echinococcosis to non-epidemic regions.

关键词： travel fir northwest

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Analysis of Epidemiological and Issues Encountered in Case Reports on Echinococcosis—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第6期6卷 100-104页

作者： Yan Kui Shuai Han Xiaojuan Zhang Guangzhong Shi Yale Yu Ruirui Li Peizheng Zhan Hongju Duan Wenbo Luo Benfu Li Shaoqi Ning Yalan Zhang Aiya Zhu Jingbo Xue National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina Gansu Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina The center for Disease control and prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps center for Disease control and prevention Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Sichuan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina Qinhai Institute for Endemic Disease control and prevention Xining CityQinghai ProvinceChina Ningxia center for Disease control and prevention Yinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region center for Comprehensive Disease control and prevention Hohhot CityInner Mongolia AutonomousChina Yunnan Institute of Parasitic diseases Puer CityYunnan ProvinceChina Shaanxi Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Xi'an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina henan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Zhengzhou CityHenan ProvinceChina Guizhou Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Guiyang CityGuizhou ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis is classified as a Class C infectious disease in *** is endemic in 370 counties located in the agricultural and pastoral regions of western *** is added by this report?This report provides a comprehensive overview of the cases of echinococcosis reported in China in *** a thorough evaluation conducted by provincial CDCs.

关键词： China Ech counties

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Incidence and warning signs for complications of human brucellosis: a multi-center observational study from China

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 53-62页

作者： Qing-Nan Shi Hui-Jie Qin Qiao-Shan Lu hu Li Zhong-Fa Tao Meng-Guang Fan Mu-Heta Aishan Zeng-Qiang Kou Qiu-Lan Chen Wen-Wu Yin Yan-Ping Zhang National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangbai RoadChangping DistrictBejing 102206China School of Public Health Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina Nanning center for Disease control and prevention NanningChina Guizhou center for Disease control and prevention GuiyangChina Inner Mongolia center for Disease control and prevention HohhotChina Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region center for Disease control and prevention UrumqiChina Shandong center for Disease control and prevention JinanChina

Background Brucellosis is a severe zoonotic disease that is often overlooked, particularly in impoverished countries. Timely identification of focal complications in brucellosis is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of established indicators or biomarkers for diagnosing these complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential warning signs of focal complications in human brucellosis, with the goal of providing practical parameters for clinicians to aid in the diagnosis and management of *** A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted in China from December 2019 to August 2021. The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and complications of patients with brucellosis using a questionnaire survey and medical record system. The presence of warning signs for complications was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used for variable screening and model *** A total of 880 participants diagnosed with human brucellosis were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 50 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.5-58.0], and 54.8% had complications. The most common organ system affected by complications was the osteoarticular system (43.1%), with peripheral arthritis (30.0%), spondylitis (16.6%), paravertebral abscess (5.0%), and sacroiliitis (2.7%) being the most prevalent. Complications in other organ systems included the genitourinary system (4.7%), respiratory system (4.7%), and hematologic system (4.6%). Several factors were found to be associated with focal brucellosis. These factors included a long delay in diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 3.963, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.906-8.238 for > 90 days], the presence of underlying disease (OR = 1.675, 95%CI: 1.176-2.384), arthralgia (OR = 3.197, 95%CI: 1.986-5.148), eye bulging pain (OR = 3.482, 95%CI:

关键词： Brucellosis Complications Clinical spectrum Warning signs

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Thirty Years of Experience of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance for Polio — China, 1993–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 344-349页

作者： Hong Yang Ning Wen Chunxiang Fan Fuzhen Wang Yong Zhang Lei Cao Shuangli Zhu Lixin Hao Dongmei Yan Lei Wang Quanwei Song Miao Wang Yifan Song Chao Ma Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Detecting poliovirus infections proves to be highly challenging due to their asymptomatic nature and infectious potential,highlighting the crucial importance of effective detection methods in the context of polio eradication *** many countries,including China,the primary approach for identifying polio outbreaks has been through acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)*** this study,we conducted an evaluation spanning three decades(1993–2022)to assess the effectiveness of AFP surveillance in ***:Data on all AFP cases identified since 1993 and national-level AFP surveillance system quality indicators aligned with the World Health Organization(WHO)standards were collected for *** quality indicators assess surveillance sensitivity,completeness,timeliness of detection notification,case investigation,and laboratory *** sensitivity is determined by the non-polio AFP(NPAFP)detection rate among children under 15 years of ***:Between 1993 and 2022,a total of 150,779 AFP cases were identified and *** this pool,surveillance identified 95 cases of wild poliovirus(WPV)and 24 cases due to vaccinederived *** 1995 onwards,the detection rate of NPAFP cases consistently adhered to the WHO and national standards of≥1 case per 100,000,falling between 1.38 and *** in 1997,all timeliness indicators consistently achieved the criteria of 80%,apart from the consistency in meeting standards set for the rate of positive specimens sent to the national ***:AFP surveillance has been instrumental in China’s accomplishment of maintaining a polio-free *** ongoing adherence to key performance indicators,ensuring sensitivity and prompt specimen collection,demonstrates that AFP surveillance is proficient in detecting poliovirus in *** we move into the post-eradication phase,AFP surveillance remains crucial for the sustained absence of polioviruses in the long term.

关键词： sustained prompt surveillance

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