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Micromechanics of Thermal Conductive Composites: Review, Developments and Applications

ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA 2024年第2期37卷 215-237页

作者： Wang, Guannan Huang, Yulin Gao, Mengyuan Chen, Qiang Zhejiang Univ Dept Civil Engn Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Ctr Balance Architecture Hangzhou 310007 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Micromechanics investigations of composites with fiber-shaped reinforcement are extensively applied in the engineering design and theoretical analysis of thermal composites in the aerospace engineering and high-tech industry. In this paper, a critical review of various classical micromechanics approaches is provided based on the classification framework and the development of micromechanics tools. Several numerical micromechanics tools have been developed to overcome limitations through exactly/approximately solving the internal governing equations of microstructures. The connections and limitations of those models are also investigated and discussed, based on which three recently developed numerical or semi-analytical models are explained, including finite-element micromechanics, finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics, and locally exact homogenization theory, as well as machine learning tools. Since it is almost inevitable to mention the interfacial effects on thermal behavior of fibrous composites, we review the new mathematical relations that interrupt the original continuity conditions due to the existence of interphase/interface within unit cells. Generally speaking, the interphase/interface is demonstrated to play a significant role in influencing the effective coefficients and localized thermal fields. The present work also briefly reviews the application of micromechanics tools in emerging engineered woven composites, natural fibrous composites, and ablative thermal protection composites. It is demonstrated that sophisticated micromechanics tools are always demanded for investigating the effective and localized responses of thermal fibrous composites.

关键词： Micromechanics models Thermal fibrous composites Microstructural detail-free models Semi-analytical and numerical methods Interfacial effects Woven composites Natural composites FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS HEAT-TRANSFER HEMP-FIBER FABRIC COMPOSITES MATRIX COMPOSITES PART I PREDICTION INTERFACE MODEL

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Phosphatidylserine-positive particles in the apical domain of sensory hair cells

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Journal of Otology 2006年第2期1卷 76-82页

作者： Alfred Nuttall Oregon hearing research Center Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RoadPortlandOR 97239USA Kresge Hearing Research InstituteThe University of Michigan1301 East Ann StreetAnn ArborMichigan 48109-0506USA

Apical membrane recycling has been proposed to be important for normal hair cell function. The current study reports an in vitro work that demonstrates the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) and PS-positive vesicles labeled by Annexin V in the apical portion of hair cells. The following characteristics of the PS-positive vesicles were noticed using scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy:(1) variable sizes around 200 nm; (2) variable distribution patterns (either uniformly along individual stereocilia in the hair bundle or irregular) in the stereocilia from cell to cell; (3) variable sizes and numbers at locations along the border of the cuticular plate (CP), with a large number of them located at the vestigal kinocilial location; (4) motility with some of the vesicles during the observation period; (5) increase in PS labeling and the number of PS-positive vesicles after loud sound stimulation; and (6) decreased PS labeling and PS-positive vesicle numbers following treatment with LY-294002, a PI3 -kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that the presence of PS-positive vesicles at the apical area of hair cells may be indicative of vesicle shedding or transportation of a protein or rafts.

关键词： PS, Hair cell Annexin V PS-positive particles

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Interface failure of segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates based on fracture mechanics

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 137-149页

作者： Yazhen SUN Yang YU Jinchang WANG Longyan WANG School of Transportation and Geomatics Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168China School of Civil Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168China Institute of Transportation Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Center for balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China

Segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates is widely used worldwide to provide a permanent strengthening method.Most existing studies assume an ideal steel-concrete interface,ignoring discontinuous deformation characteristics,making it difficult to accurately analyze the strengthened structure’s failure mechanism.In this study,interfacial fracture mechanics of composite material was applied to the segmental tunnel lining strengthened with steel plates,and a numerical three-dimensional solid nonlinear model of the lining structure was established,combining the extended finite element method with a cohesive-zone model to account for the discontinuous deformation characteristics of the interface.The results accurately describe the crack propagation process,and are verified by full-scale testing.Next,dynamic simulations based on the calibrated model were conducted to analyze the sliding failure and cracking of the steel-concrete interface.Lastly,detailed location of the interface bonding failure are further verified by model test.The results show that,the cracking failure and bond failure of the interface are the decisive factors determining the instability and failure of the strengthened structure.The proposed numerical analysis is a major step forward in revealing the interface failure mechanism of strengthened composite material structures.

关键词： segmental tunnel lining steel plate strengthening connecting interface cohesive-zone model extended finite element method

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Early diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis:a perspective

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 303-306页

作者： Li‑Zhong Du Neonatal Intensive Care unit Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health3333 Binsheng RoadHangzhou 310052China

Neonatal sepsis is an illness caused by bloodstream bacteria or fungal infections that affect newborn infants under 28 days of age.It stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs).With the improved survival rates of very low-birth-weight or extremely premature infants,a growing number of these vulnerable infants are receiving intensive care and undergoing invasive procedures,making nosocomial infections a persistent challenge in NICUs.The mortality rate associated with neonatal sepsis varies depending on factors such as birth weight,gestational age,and other co-morbidities.It can also lead to a range of long-term health consequences,including neurodevelopmental disabilities like cerebral palsy,visual or hearing impairments,and cognitive problems.Furthermore,neonatal sepsis is linked to various adverse outcomes,including respiratory complications,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,nutritional and growth issues,and immunological dysfunction[1].Due to its atypical clinical presentation and the low rate of specific diagnostic indicators,such as a positive blood culture,accurately diagnosing neonatal sepsis is challenging.Consequently,the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment is often a matter of controversy.

关键词： neonatal mortality diagnosis

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简版言语空间音质听力量表(SSQ12)汉化版本的信效度及敏感性分析

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中华耳科学杂志 2021年第4期19卷 597-602页

作者：孟令辉欧华李昌亚袁莉清唐刘霞何盛梅赵厚育贵州医科大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉教研室贵阳550000 Wayne State University Hearing Aid and Spatial Hearing Research(HASHR)Lab 绵阳市中心医院绵阳621000 达州市中心医院达州635000 徐州市中心医院徐州221000

目的汉化简版言语空间音质听力量表(SSQ12),并通过大量的临床病例来验证汉化版SSQ12(C-SSQ12)在临床应用上与原始SSQ12具有同样的效能。为以汉语为母语人群的听力评估提供一个更简短、快捷的工具。并对将C-SSQ12得分≤6.5分作为听力损... 详细信息

目的汉化简版言语空间音质听力量表(SSQ12),并通过大量的临床病例来验证汉化版SSQ12(C-SSQ12)在临床应用上与原始SSQ12具有同样的效能。为以汉语为母语人群的听力评估提供一个更简短、快捷的工具。并对将C-SSQ12得分≤6.5分作为听力损失界值可行性进行验证。方法首先对原始版的SSQ12进行汉化,然会对纳入的300例听力正常及听力异常人群的临床数据,利用因子分析法、Cronbach'sα系数和及T检验、ROC曲线对C-SSQ12问卷的有效性、可靠性、敏感性及将C-SSQ12得分≤6.5分作为听力损失界值的合理性进行验证。结果问卷的整体Cronbach'sα系数值为0.94。并通过探索性因子分析,得出因子1(包含问题1-5、11-12),既言语理解,Cronbach'sα系数是0.92,因子2(包含问题6-8),既空间识别,Cronbach'sα系数为0.84。因子3(包含问题9-10),既声音的分离及识别,Cronbach'sα系数是0.71。另外C-SSQ12项目-总相关系数为0.68-0.85。比较轻度听力损失(较差耳PTA≤40dBHL)和中重度听力损失(较差耳>40dBHL)得出,轻度听力损失64人,C-SSQ12的平均得分为7.32±2.43。中重度听力损失129人,C-SSQ12平均得分为4.85±2.57,P=1.307x10-9<0.01,两者差异有显著统计学意义。对C-SSQ12分数构造ROC曲线,AUC值为0.66。结论C-SSQ12与英文版的SSQ12相比较,在临床应用上具有同样的效能。对于以C-SSQ≤6.5分作为听力损失的界值尚有些武断,还需进一步研究。

关键词： SSQ 空间听觉能力听力筛查中文版言语空间音质量表

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Electrically evoked auditory nerve responses in the cochlea with normal outer hair cells

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Journal of Otology 2009年第2期4卷 71-75页

作者： Josef M Miller Alfred L Nuttall Kresge hearing research Institute The University of Michigan1150 West Medical Center DriveMS IIAnn ArborMichigan 48109-0506 Oregon hearing research Center(NRC04) Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck SurgeryOregon Health Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RoadPortlandOregon97239-3098

As hybrid cochlear implant devices are increasingly used for restoring hearing in patients with residual hearing, it is important to understand electrically evoked responses in cochleae having functional hair cells. To test the hypothesis that extracochlear electrical stimulation (EES) from sinusoidal current can provoke an auditory nerve response with normal frequency selectivity, the EES-evoked compound action potential(ECAP) was investigated in this study. Brief sinusoidal electrical currents, delivered via a round window electrode, were used to evoke ECAP. The ECAP waveform was observed to be the same as the acoustically evoked CAP(ACAP), except for a shorter latency. The input/output and intensity/latency functions of ACAPs and ECAPs were also similar. The maximum acoustic masking for both ACAP and ECAP occurred near probe frequencies. Since the masked tuning curve of a CAP reflects the frequency selectivity of neural excitation, these data demonstrate a highly specific activation of the auditory nerve, which would result in high degree of frequency selectivity. This frequency selectivity likely results from the cochlear traveling wave caused by electrically stimulated outer hair cells.

关键词： Gerbil Cochlea Electrical stimulation hearing cochlear implant cochlear compound action potential

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Forward masking in distinguishing inner and outer hair cell damage

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Journal of Otology 2009年第1期4卷 23-25页

作者： DUAN Mao-li Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Karolinska Institutet Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck & Center for hearing and Communication research,Karolinska University Hospital,Sweden Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck & Center for hearing and Communication research Karolinska University Hospital Sweden

Forward Masking Temporal audiotory resolution is the ability of the auditory system to resolve auditory signals in the time domain. Forward masking is a means of studying temporal resolution where one tone, the probe,... 详细信息

关键词： cell Forward masking in distinguishing inner and outer hair cell damage ABR

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OTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CARBOPLATIN IN ORGANOTYPIC CULTURES IN CHINCHILLAS AND RATS

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Journal of Otology 2012年第2期7卷 92-101页

作者： DING Dalian JIANG Haiyan FU Yong Richard SALVI Shinichi SOMEYA Masaru TANOKURA Center for hearing and Deafness State University of New York at Buffalo Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Departments of Aging and Geriatric research Division of Biology of Aging University of Florida

Carboplatin, a second-generation platinum chemotherapeutic drug, is considerably less ototoxic than cisplatin. While common laboratory species such as mice, guinea pigs and rats are highly resistant to carboplatin ototoxicity, the chinchilla stands out as highly susceptible. Moreover, carboplatin causes an unusual gradient of cell death in chinchillas. Moderate doses selectively damage type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and inner hair cells (IHC) and the lesion tends to be relatively uniform along the length of the cochlea. Higher doses eventually damage outer hair cells (OHC), but the lesion follows the traditional gradient in which damage is more severe in the base than the apex. While carboplatin ototoxicity has been well documented in adult animals in vivo, little is known about its in vitro toxicity. To elucidate the ototoxic effects of carboplatin in vitro, we prepared cochlear and vestibular organotypic cultures from postnatal day 3 rats and adult chinchillas. Chinchilla cochlear and vestibular cultures were treated with carboplatin concentrations ranging from 50 μM to 10 mM for 48 h. Consistent with in vivo data, carboplatin selectively damaged IHC at low concentrations (50-100 μM). Surprisingly, IHC loss decreased at higher doses and IHC were intact at doses exceeding 500 μM. The mechanisms underlying this nonlinear response are unclear but could be related to a decrease in carboplatin uptake via active transport mechanisms (e.g., copper). Unlike the cochlea, the carboplatin dose-response function increased with dose with the highest dose destroying all chinchilla vestibular hair cells. Cochlear hair cells and auditory nerve fibers in rat cochlear organotypic cultures were unaffected by carboplatin concentrations <10 μM; however, the damage in OHC were more severe than IHC once the dose reached 100 μM. A dose at 500 μM destroyed all the cochlear hair cells, but hair cell loss decreased at high concentrations and nearly all the cochlear hair cells were present at the highest dose, 5 mM. Unlike the nonli

关键词： Carboplatin ototoxicity organotypic culture

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Intratympanic injection of hydrogel nanodrug for the prevention and treatment of sensorineural hearing loss

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中华耳科学杂志:英文版 2023年第4期18卷 235-239页

作者： Tianying Zhai Pingping Ai Zhaohui Tang Chaoliang He Xuesi Chen Shiming Yang Nan Wu Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery PLA General HospitalBeijingChina National Clinical research Center for Otolaryngologic Disease BeijingChina State Key Lab of hearing Science Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Beijing Key Lab of hearing Impairment Prevention&Treatment BeijingChina Zhejiang Chinese Medical University HangzhouChina Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina

Safe and efficient drug delivery to the inner ear has always been the focus of prevention and treatment of sensorineural deafness.The rapid development of nanodrug delivery systems based on hydrogel has provided a new opportunity.Among them,thermo-sensitive hydrogels promote the development of new dosage form for intratympanic injection.This smart biomaterial could transform to semisolid phase when the temperature increased.Thermo-sensitive hydrogel nanodrug delivery system is expected to achieve safe,efficient,and sustained inner ear drug administration.This article introduces the key techniques and the latest progress in this field.

关键词： Thermo-sensitive hydrogel Nanodrug Sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic injection

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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSHL) following a local anesthetic dental procedure

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Journal of Otology 2019年第2期14卷 67-72页

作者： Yi Wang Jun-Kai Cao Hui-Xin Yang Jin Feng Qi-you Zhou Fei Ji Department of Stomotology General Hospital of the PLABeijing100853China Department of Otolaryngology General Hospital of the PLABeijing100853China Key Laboratory of hearing Impairment Science(Chinese PLA Medical School) Ministry of EducationBeijing100853China Beijing Key Laboratory of hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment Laboratory of Military Acoustic Trauma ProtectionBeijing100853China

Acute sensorineural hearing loss is an uncommon phenomenon in dentistry.We describe the case of a 79-year-old male who presented with acute sensorineural hearing loss occurring 2 days after a tooth extraction procedure under local anesthesia.Possible mechanisms are discussed.He was treated with vasodilators(Ginaton and Alprostadil Injection)and Mecobalamin injection with benefit.High dose oral steroids(1 mg/kg)and low molecular weight dextran were used.

关键词： Sudden sensorineural hearing loss Dental procedure Acute hearing loss

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