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Factors Associated with Antiretroviral treatments Failure among hiv-Positive Patients in Congo: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第4期10卷 201-214页

作者： Gilbert Ndziessi Axel Julius Aloumba Darius Eryx Mbou Essie Ange Clauvel Niama Fresnovie Geladore Mbele Merlin Diafouka Ange Antoine Abena Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Infectious Diseases Unit University Hospital Centre of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo hiv outpatient treatment centre Brazzaville Congo Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Background: Viral load is the key indicator of the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in hiv patients. Study aimed to determine antiretroviral treatments failure rates and associated risk factors among hiv-infected adult patients in Congo. Methods: Data from the Congolese AIDS and Epidemics Control Council were combined to create a historical cohort. Patients were followed up between 2003 to 2017. Mixed logistic regression was used to identify treatment failure associated-factors. Intercooled Stata 10 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, USA) software packages was used for analysis. Results: Over 14 years of follow-up, a total of 25,500 visits for 6391 adult patients were reported. Among them, 88% i.e. 22,328 visits (for a total of 6127 patients) were visits with treatment failure. In the multivariate analysis, being aged >26 years, having primary education level, being student, others nationality, unspecifiedmarital status and being worker in informal sector were found associated with a higher risk of treatment failure. Conversely, being pensioners, receiving second line therapeutic protocols and having good adherence to treatment were found significantly associated with a lower risk of treatment failure. Conclusion: Antiretroviral treatments failure among hiv-treated patients is common in Congo. Developing treatment adherence-centered interventions with focus in patients who have low socio-economic status needed to reduced treatments failure. As treatment failure is not only determined by individual factors, psychosocial supports and availability of antiretroviral drugs needs to be taken into account.

关键词： Congo hiv Antiretroviral Therapy treatment Failure Risk Factors

Highly active antiretroviral therapy per se decreased mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2005年第16期118卷 1338-1345页

作者： CHAN Chi-wai CHENG Lai-sim CHAN Wai-kit WONG Ka-hing Integrated treatment centre Department of Health Hong Kong China

Background Morbidity and mortality of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection （hiv） have declined in Western industrialized countries since the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. It is unclear if this has also happened in Hong Kong. Methods We studied a retrospective cohort of patients with advanced hiv disease in Hong Kong, China. First, the mortality of advanced hiv disease per year was calculated for the decade 1993 to 2002, both annually and according to patient observation before and after 1997. Second, the event rates were estimated for the clinical end points of acquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） and death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to identify associated factors. Results The crude mortality of advanced hiv disease declined from 10. 8 - 30. 4 per 100 patients during 1993 - 1996, to 0. 8 - 6. 9 per 100 patients during 1997 - 2002. A rate ratio of 4. 04 （95% CI, 2. 52 - 6. 47） was evident for those observed in 1993 - 1996, compared to those in 1997 - 2002. In a multivariate analysis where calendar period was adjusted, use of＇highly active antiretroviral therapy was associated with rate ratios of 0. 13 （95% CI, 0. 05 -0. 33） for death after AIDS, 0. 08 （95% CI, 0. 04 -0. 19） for AIDS after a CD4 cell count 〈200/μ1, and 0.21 （95% CI, 0.07 -0.67） for death after CD4 cell count 〈200/μl. In the same analysis, calendar period ceased to be a significant factor after adjustment for use of HAART. Conclusions The mortality and morbidity of advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease have declined in Hong Kong. This improved prognosis was attributable to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

关键词： highly active antiretroviral therapy mortality· morbidity acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A retrospective cohort study of body mass index and survival in hiv infected patients with and without TB co-infection

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 349-354页

作者： Kogieleum Naidoo Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma Stanton Augustine centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa(CAPRISA) Nelson R Mandela School of MedicineUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal2nd Floor Doris Duke Medical Research InstitutePrivate Bag X7DurbanCongella 4013South Africa MRC-CAPRISA hiv-TB Pathogenesis and treatment Research Unit Doris Duke Medical Research InstituteUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:High early morbidity and mortality following antiretroviral therapy(ART)initiation has been a distinguishing feature of ART programmes in resource limited settings(RLS)compared to high-income *** study assessed how well body mass index(BMI:kg/m^(2))correlated with survival among hiv infected patients with and without TB ***:We retrospectively evaluated clinical data from 1000 hiv infected patients,among whom 389 were also co-infected with TB,between January 2008 and December 2010,in KwaZulu-Natal,South ***:Among 948 patients eligible for analysis,15.7%(149/948)were underweight(hiv infected *** registration:UKZN Biomedical Research Ethics Committee Reference number E 248/05,23 September 2005.

关键词： hiv Tuberculosis BMI ART Africa KwaZulu-Natal KZN South Africa

Association between Taenia solium infection and hiv/AIDS in northern Tanzania: a matched cross sectional-study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 1022-1036页

作者： Veronika Schmidt Christian Kositz Karl-Heinz Herbinger Hélène Carabin Bernard Ngowi Ezra Naman Patricia P.Wilkins John Noh William Matuja Andrea Sylvia Winkler Department of Neurology University HospitalKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University Munich(TUM)Ismaninger Str.2281675 MunichGermany Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine(DITM) Medical Center of the University of MunichMunichGermany Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUSA Muhimbili Medical Research centre National Institute for Medical Research(NIMR)Dar es SalaamTanzania hiv Care and treatment centre Haydom Lutheran HospitalHaydomTanzania Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Center for Global HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)AtlantaUSA Department of Neurology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania centre of Global Health University of OsloOsloNorway

Background:The frequency of Taenia solium,a zoonotic helminth,is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa,where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)is also ***,little is known about how these two infections *** aim of this study was to compare the proportion of hiv positive(+)and negative(−)individuals who are infected with Taenia solium(TSOL)and who present with clinical and neurological manifestations of cysticercosis(CC).Methods:In northern Tanzania,170 hiv+individuals and 170 hiv–controls matched for gender,age and village of origin were *** staging and serological tests for TSOL antibodies(Ab)and antigen(Ag)were ***(NCC)was determined by computed tomography(CT)using standard diagnostic *** manifestations were confirmed by a standard neurological *** addition,demographic,clinical and neuroimaging data were ***,CD4^(+)cell counts as well as information on highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)were ***:No significant differences between hiv+and hiv–individuals regarding the sero-prevalence of taeniosis-Ab(0.6%vs 1.2%),CC-Ab(2.4%vs 2.4%)and CC-Ag(0.6%vs 0.0%)were detected.A total of six NCC cases(3 hiv+and 3 hiv–)were detected in the group of matched *** individuals(1 hiv+and 1 hiv–)presented with headaches as the main symptom for NCC,and four with asymptomatic *** the hiv+group,TSOL was not associated with CD4+cell counts,HAART duration or hiv ***:This study found lower prevalence of taeniosis,CC and NCC than had been reported in the region to *** low level of infection may have resulted in an inability to find cross-sectional associations between hiv status and TSOL infection or *** sample sizes will be required in future studies conducted in that area to conclude if hiv influences the way NCC manifests itself.

关键词： Taenia solium Taeniosis Cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis hiv AIDS Co-infection Helminth Tapeworm Prevalence

hiv-1 Transmission among Injecting Drug Users is Principally Derived from Local Circulating Strains in Guangxi, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期36卷 418-430页

作者： CEN Ping LIANG Hua Yue YANG Yuan ZHANG Fei YANG Shi Xiong MO Ju Cong FENG Yi HUANG Jie Gang NING Chuan Yi HUANG Chun Yuan YANG Yao LIANG Na LIANG Bing Yu YE Li LIANG Hao Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and treatment School of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina Collaborative Innovation centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Life Science InstituteGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanning 530023GuangxiChina State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control(SKLID) Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Collaborative Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseBeijing 102206China

Objective The mode of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) transmission via injection drug use(IDU)still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of hiv infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of hiv-1 transmission through IDU in *** We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of hiv-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological *** Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC(57.4%), CRF01_AE(28.4%), and CRF07_BC(10.7%) were the top 3 hiv strains;72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network;93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces,predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan;92.1% of the hiv transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between hiv-positive *** hiv recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other *** of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened.

关键词： hiv-1 Injection drug use Transmission Strain source Phylogenetics

Functional constipation in Bangladeshi school aged children:A hidden misty at community

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第2期11卷 160-172页

作者： Md Benzamin ASM Bazlul Karim Md Rukunuzzaman Md Wahiduzzaman Mazumder Masud Rana Rubaiyat Alam Mohammad Majharul Islam Md Shafiul Alam Kamal Hossen Afsana Yasmin Kaniz Fathema Mukesh Khadga Aisharza Sultana Aishy Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical UniversityDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of outpatient Hazi Asmot Medical CentreBhairab 2350Bangladesh Department of Paediatric Nephrology Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical UniversityDhaka 1000Bangladesh Jalalabad Ragib Rabeya Medical College Sylhet 3100Bangladesh

BACKGROUND Constipation is a common problem in children and a frequent cause of hospital visit in both primary&specialized care,which needs proper evaluation&*** of constipation is variable among *** Bangladesh there has been no published data regarding constipation in community among school aged *** To determine the magnitude of functional constipation and its risk factors in community among Bangladeshi school *** This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in different schools of Dhaka division,*** school aged children between 5-16 years of age who attended school were included in this *** were collected *** clinical history&physical examinations(without digital rectal examination)&available investigations(if done previously)were *** of functional constipation was done by Rome IV criteria and was compared with children without *** with any red flag sign,known chronic disease or any findings suggestive of organic disease and on treatment of constipation were *** analysis of the results was done by using Windows based software device with Statistical Packages for Social Science *** all statistical tests,P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically *** Total study populations were 707 and male was 443 and female *** them,134(19%)children had *** constipated children,78 children fulfilled the Rome IV criteria for functional constipation and it was 11%of total *** age of children having functional constipation was 11.24±3.54 years and Male female ratio was 1:***,nausea,abdominal pain,hard stool,blood with hard stool,alternate hard and loose stool and fecal mass in left iliac fossa were analyzed between two group and all were significantly higher in children with functional constipation *** of school,where toilet numbers were inadequate had 2.5 time

关键词： Bangladesh Children Functional constipation

hiv-1 Subtype Diversity and Factors Affecting Drug Resistance among Patients with Virologic Failure in Antiretroviral Therapy in Hainan Province,China,2014–2020

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期36卷 800-813页

作者： YU De E XU Yu Jun LI Mu YANG Yuan LIANG Hua Yue ZHONG Shan Mei QIN Cai LAN Ya Nan LI Da Wei YU Ji Peng PANG Yuan QIN Xue Qiu LIANG Hao ZHU Kao Kao YE Li LIANG Bing Yu Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and treatment School of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina International School of Public Health and One Health Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199HainanChina Prevention and treatment Department the Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province&Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570102HainanChina Collaborative Innovation centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Life Sciences InstituteGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina Oncology Medical College Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina The First Clinical Medical College Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and TreatmentSchool of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021GuangxiChina

Objective This study aimed to determine the hiv-1 subtype distribution and hiv drug resistance(hivDR)in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan,*** A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among hiv/AIDS patients with ART failure in *** used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the hiv subtypes with pol *** resistance mutations(DRMs)were analyzed using the Stanford University hiv Drug Resistance *** A total of 307 hiv-infected patients with ART failure were included,and 241 available pol sequences were *** 241 patients,CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%,followed by CRF07_BC(17.00%)and eight other subtypes(14.12%).The overall prevalence of hivDR was 61.41%,and the hivDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs),nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs),and protease inhibitors(PIs)were 59.75%,45.64%,and 2.49%,*** patients,hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals,and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of ***,hivDR was less likely to affect female *** common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N(21.99%)and Y181C(20.33%),and M184V(28.21%)and K65R(19.09%)were the main DRMs against *** The present study highlights the hiv-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of hivDR surveillance over a long period.

关键词： hiv-1 subtypes Antiretroviral therapy Virological failure Drug resistance

Improving China＇s antiretroviral treatment program： assessing current and future performance using the principals of ethics

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第11期122卷 1346-1351页

作者： YIN Wen-yuan ZHANG Fu-jiet Naomi Juniper WU Zun-you Division of Health Education and Behavioral Intervention National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Division of treatment and Care National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

The global commitment to providing antiretroviral therapy （ART） to people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （hiv/AIDS） in low-income countries has raised hope that the increasing momentum in the fight against the worldwide hiv/AIDS pandemic will be sufficient to control it. However, improved availability of subsidized antiretroviral （ARV） treatments in low-income .countries raises complex ethical issues. In many resource-constrained countries the number of individuals infected with hiv in need of treatment far exceeds the supply of ARV medication. Resource allocation decisions can be made on the basis of many epidemiological, ethical, or preferential treatment priority criteria. Healthcare systems and funding in low-income countries are limited, requiring a step-by-step approach to scaling- up programs to reach their stated aims.

关键词： acquired immunodeficiency syndrome antiretroviral treatment program ethics

hiv Compartmentalization in Male Genital Tract:Relevance for Viral Eradication

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2021年第2期1卷 86-92页

作者： Xiaorong Peng Stéphane Isnard John Lin Brandon Fombuena Lena Royston Jean-Pierre Routy Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program Research InstituteMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada Chronic Viral Illness Service McGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseasesthe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310006China CIHR Canadian hiv Trials Network VancouverBCCanada Division of Hematology McGill University Health CentreMontréalQCCanada

Human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)has been shown to evolve independently in different anatomical *** hiv genetic evolution in different tissues and cells provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral *** compartmentalization has been well documented in the semen but rarely in male genital tract(MGT)*** precise mechanisms that result in the development of hiv compartmentalization in multiple genitourinary sites have been poorly explored due to the difficulty in accessing these *** on evidence from lymph nodes and gut tissues,mechanisms that may influence compartmentalization include immune pressures,local concentrations of antiviral drugs,clonal expansion of different cell types and inflammation that alters the cellular *** reviewed phylogenetic evidences supporting viral compartmentalization between the blood and multiple genitourinary sites in hiv-infected *** distinct viral subpopulations enhances our overall understanding of the hiv reservoir inMGTand could ultimately lead to the development of novel therapies to eradicate the virus in tissues.

关键词： hiv Compartmentalization Male genital tract Reservoir Testes