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Efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to children hiv-1 transmission at Saint Camille medical centre in Burkina Faso,West Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第12期5卷 991-994页

作者： Laure Stella Ghoma Linguissi Cyrille Bisseye Tani Sagna Bolni Marius Nagalo Djeneba Ouermi Florencia W Djigma Salvatore Pignatelli Joseph D Sia Virginio Pietra Remy Moret Jean Baptiste Nikiema Jacques Simpore centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA)/LABIOGENE UFR/SVTUniversite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Department de Biologie Unirersite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku(USTM) FrancerilleGabon centre Medical Saint Camille OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Objective:To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child hiv ***:A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical centre from September 2010 to July *** hiv status of mothers was determined by rapid tests and *** results were confirmed by real-time *** was used to determine hiv status of children born from hiv-positive ***:Among 1 300 pregnant women tested for hiv,378 were *** were predominantly housewives(69.7%),and their mean age was(28.32±0.15) *** overall prevalence of hiv transmission from mother to child was 4.8%(18/378).This prevalence differed significantly from 0.0%(0/114) to 6.8%(18/264) in children born from mothers under HAART and those with mothers under New Prophylactic Protocol(ACT + 3TC + NVP),respectively(Phiv dubious status by ELISA,the Real Time PCR confirmed 2/16(12.5%) as hiv positive. Conclusions:The protocol of prevention of mother to children hiv transmission(PMTCT) is *** rate of hiv vertical transmission is significantly *** diagnosis determined by PCR of children born from hiv- positive mother is necessary and recommended in the context of PMTCT in Burkina *** also found that PCR is an effective tool to confirm hiv status in pregnant women.

关键词： Pregnant Women Child hiv PCR DNA

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Advances in technology for the laboratory diagnosis of individuals with hiv/AIDS coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第3期6卷 133-142页

作者： Jin Sun Xiaoxu Han Hongxia Yan Xin Zhang Taiyi Jiang Tong Zhang Hao Wu Grigory Kaminskiy Yingmin Ma Eduard Karamov Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for hiv/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China State Health Organization Tula Regional Center for Control and Prevention of AIDS and Infectious Diseases Tula 300002Russia Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Gamaleya National Research centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow 123098Russia

The high morbidity and mortality rate of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)is a tough challenge for current global tuberculosis prevention and control ***/MTB coinfection is more complex than a single infection,and the interaction between the two diseases aggravates the deterioration caused by the disease,resulting in increased hospitalizations and *** screening and early diagnosis facilitate the timely initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in hiv/MTB coinfected individuals,thereby reducing transmission and the incidence of adverse *** date,pathogenic detection has remained the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis,but its sensitivity and specificity are greatly affected by the body's immune status,which limits its application in the diagnosis of hiv/MTB ***,immunology and molecular detection technology has developed *** detection technologies,such as interferon-γ release assays,interferon-gamma inducible protein 10,and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay have overcome the limitations of traditional detection methods,significantly improved the sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis diagnosis,and brought new hope to the detection of hiv/MTB *** this article,the principle,scope of application,and latest research progress of relevant detection methods are reviewed to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of hiv/MTB coinfection.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)coinfection Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) Early diagnosis

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Antimicrobial stewardship and targeted therapies in the changing landscape of maternal sepsis

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 46-61页

作者： Nishel M Shah Esmita Charani Damien Ming Fook-Choe Cheah Mark R Johnson Department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Imperial College LondonLondonUK Division of Infectious Diseases and hiv Medicine Department of MedicineGroote Schuur HospitalUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Department of Infectious Diseases Imperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia

Pregnant and postnatal women are a high-risk population particularly prone to rapid progression to sepsis with significant morbidity and mortality ***,severe maternal infections can have a serious detrimental impact on neonates with almost 1 million neonatal deaths annually attributed to maternal infection or *** this review we discuss the susceptibility of pregnant women and their specific physiological and immunological adaptations that contribute to their vulnerability to sepsis,the implications for the neonate,as well as the issues with antimicrobial stewardship and the challenges this poses when attempting to reach a balance between clinical care and urgent ***,we review advancements in the development of pregnancy-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and how these can be used to optimize the care of pregnant women and neonates.

关键词： Sepsis Pregnancy Immunology Cardiovascular Personalised medicine Antibiotic stewardship

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Predictors of mortality among hiv-infected patients initiating anti retroviral therapy at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第12期5卷 986-990页

作者： Ananya Bhowmik Subhasis Bhandari Rajyasree De Subhasish Kamal Guha centre of Excellence in hiv School of Tropical Medicine108Chittaranjan AvenueKolkata 700073West BengalIndia

Objective:To assess early mortality and identify its predictors among the ART naive hiv-infected patients initiating anti retroviral therapy(ART) available free of cost at the ART centres. Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected programme data was done for assessing mortality of all ART naive adult patients who received first-line ART at a government tertiary care hospital in eastern India during 1st March 2009 and 28th February *** and multiple regression analyses of the baseline demographic,clinical and laboratory records using SPSS 15.0 were done to identify independent predictors of ***:The mortality rate at one year was estimated to be 7.66(95%CI 5.84-9.83) deaths/100 patient-years and more than 50%of the deaths occurred during first three months of ART initiation with a median time interval of 73 *** was the major cause of *** naive patients with baseline serum albumin hiv infection,early management of opportunistic infections including tuberculosis and timely initiation of the antiretroviral drugs in the resource-limited countries,now available free in the Indian national ART programme.

关键词： ART Albumin CD4 hiv India Mortality Predictors

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The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with hiv

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.Höft Wendy A.Burgers Catherine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This review examines the intersection of the hiv and SARS-CoV-2 *** with hiv(PWH)are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral *** COVID-19 in those with wellcontrolled hiv infection poses no greater risk than that for hiv-uninfected individuals,people with advanced hiv disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 ***-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH,though reduced vaccine efficacy,breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in *** is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after *** with advanced hiv may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent ***-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely *** recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with a high hiv burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 hiv Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

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Ganoderma lucidum:a comprehensive review of phytochemistry,efficacy,safety and clinical study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 568-596页

作者： Sijia Wu Siyuan Zhang Bo Peng Dechao Tan Mingyue Wu Jinchao Wei Yitao Wang Hua Luo Macao centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao SAR 999078China College of Pharmacy Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530001China

Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that *** has various clinical therapeutic *** experimental studies have confirmed that *** has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-hiv protease,and antidiabetic activity and so *** the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from *** is an increasing population of ***-based products,and its international development is ***,*** has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and *** paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of ***.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum Phytochemistry Efficacy Safety Clinical study

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Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B in Blood Donors at the N’Zérékoré Regional Blood Transfusion centre in Guinea

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Open Journal of Immunology 2024年第2期14卷 33-45页

作者： Alimou Camara Ernest Thea Ives Nyankoye Haba Yamoussa Youla Ibrahima Sory Diallo Mariama Sadio Diallo Djiba Kaba Jacob Camara Moussa Condé Barré Soropogui Kaba Kourouma Thierno Mamadou Tounkara Babacar Mbengue Abdoulaye Touré Sanaba Boumbaly Virology Research centre Guinea Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea National Blood Transfusion centre Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Conakry Guinea Institute of Health and Childhood Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea African centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases Conakry Guinea Department of Dermatology and Venereology Donka University Hospital Conakry Guine Immunology Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal centre for Research and Training in Infectious Diseases of Guinea Conakry Guinea

Blood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidity and mortality for a large number of diseases and clinical conditions, but it is not without danger. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hiv and hepatitis B in blood donors received at the regional Blood Transfusion centre of N’Zérékoré (Guinea). This was a 5-year retrospective analytical study. We included records of blood donors aged 18 to 60 years admitted to the N’Zérékoré Regional Blood Transfusion centre for blood donation from January 2016 to December 2020. We performed a descriptive analysis followed by Chi-2 or Fish-er-exact tests and the Student or Wilcoxon test, followed by multivariate logistic regression. In this study, donor age ranged from 18 - 60 years, with a pre-dominance of donors aged 25 - 34 (44.2%). Male donors were the most represented in our study (79.0% versus 21.0% female). More than half of the donors were blood group O (55.6%). We observed a seroprevalence of 3.6% for hiv, 13.4% for HBsAg and 0.2% for co-infection. In our series, age 25 - 34 (OR = 1.89 and P = 0.001) and 35 - 44 for hiv (OR = 2.01 and P = 0.001), HBsAgserostatus (OR = 3.04 and P = 0.001) and blood donation history (OR of 3.04 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with hiv positivity (P hiv serostatus (OR = 3.04 and P = 0.001) and blood donation history (OR = 0.01 and P = 0.001) were factors associated with HBsAgseropositivity. We reported a high prevalence of hiv and HBsAg. Sex, serological status and blood donation history were associated factors.

关键词： Seroprevalence hiv Hepatitis B Blood Donors N’Zérékoré Guinea

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Increasing age and duration of sex work among female sex workers in South Africa and implications for hiv incidence estimation:Bayesian evidence synthesis and simulation exercise

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 263-277页

作者： Nanina Anderegg Mariette Slabbert Kholi Buthelezi Leigh F.Johnson centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernSwitzerland Independent Consultant PretoriaSouth Africa National Sex Workers Movement in South Africa

Introduction:In sub-Saharan Africa,accurate estimates of the hiv epidemic in female sex workers are crucial for effective prevention and care *** estimates are typically derived from mathematical models that assume certain demographic and behavioural characteristics like age and duration of sex work to remain constant over *** reviewed this assumption for female sex workers in South ***:We reviewed studies that reported estimates on either the age or the duration of sex work among female sex workers in South *** used Bayesian hierarchical models to synthesize reported estimates and to study time *** a simulation exercise,we also investigated the potential impact of the"constant age and sex work duration"-assumption on estimates of hiv ***:We included 24 different studies,conducted between 1996 and 2019,contributing 42 estimates on female sex worker age and 27 estimates on sex work *** was evidence suggesting an increase in both the duration of sex work and the age of female sex workers over *** to the fitted models,over each decade the expected duration of sex work increased by 55.6%(95%-credible interval[CrI]:23.5%–93.9%)and the expected age of female sex workers increased by 14.3%(95%-CrI:9.1%–19.1%).Over the 23-year period,the predicted mean duration of sex work increased from 2.7 years in 1996 to 7.4 years in 2019,while the predicted mean age increased from 26.4 years to 32.3 *** for these time trends in the simulation exercise resulted in a notable decline in estimated hiv incidence rate among sex workers over *** decline was significantly more pronounced than when assuming a constant age and duration of sex ***:In South Africa,age and duration of sex work in female sex workers increased over *** this trend might be influenced by factors like expanding community mobilization and improved rights advocacy,the ongoing criminalisation,stigmatisation of s

关键词： Female sex workers Mathematical modelling South Africa hiv

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Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients in Public centres in Abidjan from September 2018 to October 2021: Data from the Renal Registry of Cote d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 413-426页

作者： Sery Patrick Diopoh Arthur Kanganga Serge Didier Konan Kolo Claude Ouattara Marie-Dominique Kouadio Mohamed Alex Moudachirou Kouamé Hubert Yao Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties University Flix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cote dIvoire National centre for Prevention and Treatment of Renal Failure Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: Hemodialysis is the most widely used renal replacement therapy in developing countries such as Cote d’Ivoire. Objective: To study the outcome of chronic hemodialysis patients in public centres in Abidjan using data from the Renal Registry of Cote d’Ivoire (2RCI). Method: This was a prospective analytical cohort study of End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients undergoing iterative hemodialysis in the network of public hemodialysis centres in Abidjan and who had been registered in the 2RCI register by September 2018. Results: Our study involved 363 cases out of 379 patients registered in the 2RCI registry database in 2018. The mean age of the patients was 47.3 ± 12.1 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 1.97). In 70.24% of cases, they had no health insurance. The average duration of dialysis for our patients was 6.94 ± 4.1 years, with extremes of 2 and 28 years. This duration was less than 5 years in 44.3% of cases, between 6 and 10 years in 42.9% and more than 10 years in 12.6% of cases. The comorbidities found were hypertension in 95.6% of cases, diabetes in 7.8% and hiv in 4.6%. Anemia was found in 68% of cases and stroke in 8.6%. During the study period, 161 deaths were observed, representing a mortality rate of 44.35%. Acute lung oedema (29.8%), stroke (6.8%) and other cardiovascular diseases (19.3%) were the main causes of death. In multivariate analysis, factors such as age ≥ 65 years (HR = 3.66;CI 95% = 1.55 - 8.67;p = 0.003), “married/coupled” status (HR = 2.02;CI 95% = 1.24 - 3.31;p = 0.005) and normal weight at the start of dialysis (OR = 9.59, CI95% = 4.19 - 21.95;p = 0.001) were associated with the risk of death. Conclusion: Hemodialysis is performed in Abidjan on young patients. The mortality rate after three years of dialysis is very high. Hence the need to pursue the policy of decentralizing public centres and optimizing access to dialysis in terms of quality and quantity in order to improve patient survival.

关键词： Chronic Hemodialysis Death Renal Registry Cote d’Ivoire

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Spatio-temporal history of H9N2 viruses in Iran and neighbor countries by Bayesian analysis and molecular characterization

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第7期14卷 309-315页

作者： Nima Ghalekhani Saied Bokaie Sana Eybpoosh Hesameddin Akbarein Divisions of Epidemiology&Zoonoses Department of Food Hygiene and Quality ControlFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranIran hiv/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV SurveillanceInstitute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran

Objective: To delineate the H9N2 influenza virus circulation within Iran and its neighboring countries, the potential source of the epidemic in these countries, and its date of ***: We obtained all hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H9N2 available up to December 25, 2020 from Iran and its neighboring countries(i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA ***: H9N2 epidemic may have started in Iran and Pakistan much earlier than the other investigated countries in the region, and an ongoing bidirectional dispersion of the virus between the investigated countries was also observed. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H9N2 viruses was 1988 for HA, and 1992 for ***: Strains from investigated countries rooted in Pakistan and Iran. Regular surveillance of H9N2 viruses, especially in the live bird markets, enhancing the biosecurity of poultry industry and screening newly arriving immigrants and tourists from neighboring countries at border should be considered to control spread of the virus. Furthermore, surveillance of viral molecular evolution should be initiated for effective prevention of epidemic and pandemic spreads.

关键词： Influenza virus H9N2 Bayesian phylogeographic Iran

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