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Effects of Transparent Testa8(TT8) gene and homeobox12(hB12) gene silencing in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy,degradation,and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 79-87页

作者： Yaogeng Lei Abdelali hannoufa Peiqiang Yu Department of Animal and Poultry Science College of Agriculture and BioresourcesUniversity of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N5A8Canada London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada1391 Sandford StreetLondonON N5V 4T3Canada

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. however, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its *** of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8(TT8) and homeobox12(hB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8(TT8i) and hB12(hB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and hB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content,bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and hB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants(5 TT8i and 11 hB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a *** were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the hB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the hB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular

关键词： Gene silencing homeobox12(hB12)gene Transparent Testa8(TT8)gene Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) Ruminant system Fermentation and degradation

heat transfer attributes of Al_(2)O_(3)-Fe_(3)O_(4)/h_(2)O hybrid nanofluid flow over a yawed cylinder

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Propulsion and Power Research 2022年第3期11卷 416-429页

作者： P.M.Patil h.F.Shankar Department of Mathematics KLE Technological UniversityB V Bhoomaraddi CampusVidyanagarHubballi-580031India Department of Mathematics Karnatak UniversityPavate NagarDharawad-580003India

Flow over yawed and unyawed blunt bodies often occurs in various engineeringapplications. The fluid flow over a yawed cylinder explains the practical significance of subseaapplications such as transference control, separating the boundary layer above submergedblocks, and suppressing recirculating bubbles. The current study uses viscous dissipation toanalyze the mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow around a yawed cylinder. Unlike the stan-dard nanofluid model, which only considers one type of nanoparticle, this work considers thehybridization of two types of nanoparticles: alumina (Al_(2)O_(3)) and magnetite (Fe_(3)O_(4)). A modelwas developed to investigate the heat transport behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid while account-ing for the solid volume fraction. The flow problem is modelled in terms of highly nonlinearpartial differential equations (NPDEs) subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Thenappropriate non-similar transformations were used to non-dimensionalize the governing equa-tions. Furthermore, the non-dimensional governing equations were solved using the finite dif-ference method (FDM) and the quasilinearisation technique. The effects of water andnanoparticle concentrations on the velocity and the temperature patterns were illustrated graph-ically. The hybrid nanofluid reduces the velocity distribution in the spanwise and chordwise di-rections while increasing the surface drag coefficient. The hybrid nanofluid’s fluid temperatureand energy transport strength was higher than the base fluid and nanofluid. Also, the temper-ature of the fluid rises as the energy transfer strength diminishes due to an increase in the Eckert number, which characterizes viscous dissipation. however, when the yaw angle increases in thechordwise and spanwise directions, so does the fluid’s velocity. The new outcomes werecompared to previously published research and were in good agreement.

关键词： Yawed cylinder Mixed convection hybrid nanofluid Eckert number Finite difference method

Population structure and regeneration patterns of tree species in climate-sensitive subalpine forests of Indian western himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 343-349页

作者： Sanjay Gairola R. S. Rawal N. P. Todaria Arvind Bhatt School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalWestville Campus G.B. Pant Institute of himalayan Environment and Development Department of Forestry and Natural Resources H.N.B. Garhwal University School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville Campus

The population structure of tree species has been explored in order to elucidate regeneration potential of the subalpine forests of Indian western himalaya. For this study, the subalpine forest area was divided into three strata, i.e., lower altitude （〈3000 m）; mid-altitude （3000-3200 m）; and high altitude （〉3200m）. Considering the major compositional attributes, an increase in altitude came with a significant decline in tree density and the total basal area for all the sites. however, no such clear trends were observed for recruits （i.e., seedlings and saplings）. Seedling density did not exhibit uniform patterns for sites and altitude strata. In general, overall seedling density was greater at the Pindari site compared to the Lata and Tungnath sites. By comparison, significant variation in seedling density along the altitude strata was recorded for the Tungnath and Pindari sites only. Likewise, sapling density patterns varied across the sites and altitude strata, and significant variation in sapling density along the altitude strata was recorded only for the Lata site. At the Pin- daft site, the continuous increase in sapling density along with increasing altitude was revealing. The Pindari forests of exhibited expanding population structure. In contrast, greater accumulation of individuals in the sapling class and sharp decline toward both higher tree classes and lower seedling classes was generally apparent for the Lata and Tungnath sites. This indicates that the replacement in tree size classes from sapling stage is not proportional and the population may decline in the long-term. Considerable variation in patterns of forest and dominant species popula- tion structure were evident across altitude strata. But in all cases irrespective of sites, we found growth at the high-altitude stratum, in the form of entire forests or dominant species. This trend deserves further investigation to explore its relevance under changing climate scenarios.

关键词： population structure regeneration subalpine forest altitude

ChEMICAL MORPhOLOGY IN GRAFTING ACRYLAMIDE TO POLYEThYLENE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2008年第3期26卷 275-283页

作者： S.Termnak K.Sintasanai T.Amornsakchai T.Nipithakul D.Triampo R3/1 Department of Chemistry and Rubber Center of Excellence Faculty of Science Mahidol UniversitySalaya CampusPhuttamonthon Sai 4 Rd.Nakhon Pathom 73170Thailand

The scanning force microscopy (SFM)/chemical force microscopy (CFM) were used to study the growth of grafted polyacrylamide (PAM) chains onto polyethylene (PE)-film with varying grafting *** from the CFM reveal reduced interaction between the probe and areas with grafted-PAM on the *** topography and the friction trace- minus-retrace (TMR) images are complementary to one another resulting from the reduced interaction of the probe that has specificity to chemical domains.

关键词： Chemical force microscopy (CFM) Grafted polyacrylamide PE-film

In situ cosmogenic ^(10)Be dating of the Quaternary glaciations in the southern Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1291-1298页

作者： Raisbeck Grand Yiou Francios Centre de Spectrometric Nucleaire et de Specmetric de Masse IN2P3 CNRS Bat.10891405 Campus Orsay France

It is generally considered that four-times ice age happened during the Quaternary epoch on the Tibetan Plateau. however, the research on the chronology of the four-times ice age is far from enough. The Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place for plaeo-glacier study, because there are abundant Quaternary glacial remains there. This paper discusses the ages of the Quaternary glaciations, based on the exposure dating of roche moutonnée, moraines and gla- cial erosion surfaces using in situ cosmogenic isotopes 10Be. It is found that the exposure age of the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is 15 ka, corresponding to Stage 2 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope, suggesting that the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is formed in the last glacial maximum. The expo- sure age of glacial erosion surface at Laolinkou is 130―160 ka, corresponding to Stage 6 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. The oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at 421―766 kaBP, corre- sponding to Stages 12―18 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. In accordance with the climate charac- teristic of stages 12,14,16 and 18 reflected by the deep-sea oxygen isotope, polar ice cores and loess sequence, the oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at stage 12 or stage 16, the latter is more possible.

关键词： Quaternary,glaciation,glacial,cosmogenic isotope,dating,10Be,exposure dating,Tibetan Plateau,environmental change,surface dating,boulder,erosion.

Light management with quantum nanostructured dots-in-host semiconductors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2399-2407页

作者： M.Alexandre h.Águas E.Fortunato R.Martins M.J.Mendes i3N/CENIMAT Department of Materials ScienceFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP/UNINOVACampus de Caparica2829-516 CaparicaPortugal

Insightful knowledge on quantum nanostructured materials is paramount to engineer and exploit their vast gamut of ***,a formalism based on the single-band effective mass equation was developed to determine the light absorption of colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)embedded in a wider bandgap semiconductor host,employing only three parameters(dots/host potential barrier,effective mass,and QD size).It was ascertained how to tune such parameters to design the energy level structure and consequent optical *** findings show that the CQD size has the biggest effect on the number and energy of the confined levels,while the potential barrier causes a linear shift of their *** smaller QDs allow wider energetic separation between levels(as desired for most quantumbased technologies),the larger dots with higher number of levels are those that exhibit the strongest ***,it was unprecedently shown that such quantum-enabled absorption coefficients can reach the levels(10^(4)–10^(5) cm^(−1))of bulk semiconductors.

关键词： quantum dots absorption

Effect of fuel additives on agricultural straw pellet quality

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第2期7卷 92-100页

作者： Shahram Emami Lope G.Tabil Phani Adapa Elizabeth George Ashwini Tilay Ajay Dalai Mark Drisdelle Lily Ketabi Department of Plant Science University of Saskatchewan51 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 5A8Canada Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada Global Institute for Water Security University of Saskatchewan11 Innovation BoulevardSaskatoonSK S7N 3H5Canada Evergreen Biofuels Inc. 129 Como GardensHudsonQC J0P 1H0Canada

An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of addition of different levels of AK2,a fuel additive that reduces ash fusion for agricultural biomass,on the physico-chemical properties of biomass *** different biomass straws,barley,oat,and wheat were ground at two hammer mill screen sizes of 0.8 mm and 1.6 *** ground biomass sample was mixed with three levels of AK2,0.05%,0.10%,and 0.15%by mass and also a blank(no AK2)was set aside for *** were made using single-pelleting unit at a pre-set load of 4400 N corresponding to a pressure of 138.9 *** quality of pellets were determined by measuring pellet density,relaxed density,durability,and the specific energy required to make a *** having higher durability values(74%-88%)were obtained from ground straw at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm and AK2 level of 0.15%compared to other ***,hydrogen,nitrogen,and sulfur content of blank pellets and those with 0.15%AK2 at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm were *** made with 0.15%AK2 at hammer screen size of 0.8 mm,manufactured by pilot-scale pellet mill,were gasified and the tar content was *** tar content of pellets with 0.15%AK2 was significantly lower than blank pellets.

关键词： biomass biofuels slag foul pelleting fuel additive

Anisotropic stellar structures in the f(T)theory of gravity with quintessence via embedding approach

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 426-439页

作者： Allah Ditta Mushtaq Ahmad Ibrar hussain G.Mustafa Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLabore CampusPakistan National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Chiniot-Faisalabad CampusPakistan School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12IslanpabadPakistan Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

This work suggests a new model for anisotropic compact stars with quintessence in f(T)gravity by us-ing the off-diagonal tetrad and the power-law as f(T)=βT^(n),where T is the scalar torsion andβand n are real *** acquired field equations incorporating the anisotropic matter source along with the quintessence field,in f(T)gravity,are investigated by making use of the specific character of the scalar torsion T for the observed stars PSRJ1614-2230,***-3,EXO1785-248,and *** is suggested that all the stellar struc-tures under examination are advantageously independent of any central singularity and are *** graphical analysis shows that various physical features which are crucially important for the emergence of the stellar structures are conferred.

关键词： quintessence power-law model f(T)gravity anisotropic compact stars

Online Teaching Experience during the COvID-19 in Pakistan:Pedagogy-Technology Balance and Student Engagement

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Fudan Journal of the humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第3期14卷 367-391页

作者： Tayyaba Abid Gulnaz Zahid Naseem Shahid Maham Bukhari Applied and Behavioral Training Institute DubaiUnited Arab Emirates School of Social Sciences and humanities National University of Sciences and Technology.H-12 CampusIslamabadPakistan Centre for Creative Economy National University of Sciences and Technology.H-12 CampusIslamabadPakistan

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of university teachers who participated in online teaching for the first time during the COvID-19 pandemic.A qualitative method of data collection and inductive thematic analysis were *** data were collected through a semistructured interview from 11 faculty members who teach in various universities in *** analysis presented five themes of the online teaching experience:culture and gender-related issues,teaching effectiveness,challenges in online teaching,coping strategies,and faculty's'post-COvID-19 *** findings reflect that the faculty prioritized to focus on immediate online instructional matters in the wake of the pandemic with a lack of emphasis on global practices for online *** and young faculty reported disparities in striking a balance between pedagogy and ***,despite the limitations,the experience itself prepared the faculty for a blended learning approach and increased their awareness of global and future *** implications were reported based on the findings.

关键词： Online teaching higher education Teaching effectiveness Stress Global concerns