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Effects of Tropical Cyclone Activity on the Boundary Moisture Budget over the Eastern China Monsoon Region

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第6期34卷 700-712页

作者： Xiaobin LIN Zhiping WEN Wen ZHOU Renguang WU Ruidan CHEN Center for Monsoon and Environment Research and Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong Kong Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

In summer, water vapor over the eastern China monsoon region （ECMR） comes mainly from low latitudes and is modu- lated by tropical cyclone （TC） activity in East asia （EA）. This study examines the variability of water vapor transport over the ECMR, especially of the moisture inflow via the southern and eastern boundaries. The results of composite and correlation analyses, using data from 1979 to 2010, reveal significant differences in moisture budgets along the boundaries between TC days and non-TC days. Almost 80% of the water vapor transport via the eastern boundary occurs during TC days, while at the southern boundary most inflow occurs on non-TC days. The ratio of the total water vapor transport between TC and non-TC days is about 4：6. In addition, the E1 Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） exhibits a remarkable influence on moisture trans- port over EA and the contributions of moisture inflow on TC days increase （reduce） in E1 Nifio （La Nifia） years. Moreover, different types of TCs, based on their tracks, have different effects on the moisture budgets along the southern and eastern boundaries. When TCs enter EA （but not the ECMR）, they favor the moisture inflow via the eastern boundary and hinder the moisture inflow via the southern boundary. After TCs enter the ECMR, the inhibition of moisture inflow via the southern boundary will be weakened, and more water vapor can be brought into the ECMR. For some recurring TCs with an increase in TC activity in the midlatitudes, the influence is uncertain in different cases. The results herein suggest that TC activity is an important factor that influences the boundary moisture budgets in the ECMR.

关键词： tropical cyclone boundary moisture budget eastern China monsoon region

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impacts of a wind stress and a buoyancy flux on the seasonal variation of mixing layer depth in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第9期32卷 30-37页

作者： XIAO Xianjun WANG Dongxiao ZHOU Wen ZHANG Zuqiang QIN Yinghao HE Na ZENG Lili National climate Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong Kong National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing Meteorological Station

The seasonal variation of mixing layer depth （MLD） in the ocean is determined by a wind stress and a buoy- ance flux. A South China Sea （SCS） ocean data assimilation system is used to analyze the seasonal cycle of its MLD. It is found that the variability of MLD in the SCS is shallow in summer and deep in winter, as is the case in general. Owing to local atmosphere forcing and ocean dynamics, the seasonal variability shows a regional characteristic in the SCS. In the northern SCS, the MLD is shallow in summer and deep in winter, affected coherently by the wind stress and the buoyance flux. The variation of MLD in the west is close to that in the central SCS, influenced by the advection of strong western boundary currents. The eastern SCS presents an annual cycle, which is deep in summer and shallow in winter, primarily impacted by a heat flux on the air-sea interface. So regional characteristic needs to be cared in the analysis about the MLD of SCS.

关键词： wind stress buoyance flux mixed layer South China Sea

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Statistical Modeling and Trend Detection of Extreme Sea Level Records in the Pearl River Estuary

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第3期34卷 383-396页

作者： Weiwen WANG Wen ZHOU School of Architecture The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina City University ofHong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China

Sea level rise has become an important issue in global climate change studies. This study investigates trends in sea level records, particularly extreme records, in the Pearl River Estuary, using measurements from two tide gauge stations in Macao and Hong Kong. Extremes in the original sea level records （daily higher high water heights） and in tidal residuals with and without the 18.6-year nodal modulation are investigated separately. Thresholds for defining extreme sea levels are calibrated based on extreme value theory. Extreme events are then modeled by peaks-over-threshold models. The model applied to extremes in original sea level records does not include modeling of their durations, while a geometric distribution is added to model the duration of extremes in tidal residuals. Realistic modeling results are recommended in all stationary models. Parametric trends of extreme sea level records are then introduced to nonstationary models through a generalized linear model framework. The result shows that, in recent decades, since the 1960s, no significant trends can be found in any type of extreme at any station, which may be related to a reduction in the influence of tropical cyclones in the region. For the longer-term record since the 1920s at Macao, a regime shift of tidal amplitudes around the 1970s may partially explain the diverse trend of extremes in original sea level records and tidal residuals.

关键词： sea level rise extreme climate change extreme value theory Pearl River Estuary

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A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第6期30卷 944-952页

作者：邓奕施平周文杜岩谢强庄伟王东晓 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong Kong Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.

关键词： Taiwan Island dipole wind stress curl mixed layer depth thermocline

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Revisiting the intraseasonal,interannual and interdecadal variability of tropical cyclones in the western North pacific

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第2期11卷 198-208页

作者： LI Richard C.Y. ZHOU Wen City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen China School of Energy and Environment Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Center City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This paper reviews the recent progress and research on the variability of tropical cyclones(TCs) at different time scales. Specific focus is placed on how different types of external forcings or climatic oscillations contribute to TC variability in the western North pacific(WNP). At the intraseasonal scale, recent advances on the distinctive impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO), the Quasi-biweekly Oscillation, and the asymmetric MJO modulation under different El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) states, as well as the influences of the pacific–Japan teleconnection, are highlighted. Interannually, recent progress on the influences of the ENSO cycle, different flavors of ENSO, and impacts of Indian Ocean warming is presented. In addition, the uncertainty concerning interdecadal TC variations is discussed, along with the recently proposed modulation mechanisms related to the zonal sea surface temperature gradient, the North pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO). It is hoped that this study can deepen our understanding and provide information that the scientific community can use to improve the seasonal forecasting of TCs in the WNP.

关键词： Tropical cylones intraseasonal oscillation ENSO pacific-Japan teleconnection

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Effect of Boundary Layer Latent Heating on MJO Simulations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第1期30卷 101-115页

作者：凌健李崇银周文贾小龙 Chidong ZHANG Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of MiamiMiami The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong Kong climate Prediction Division National Climate Center

A latent heating peak in the PBL was detected in a simulation by a global GCM that failed to reproduce Madden Julian Oscillation （MJO）. The latent heating peak in the PBL was generated by very shallow convection, which prevented moisture from being transported to the free troposphere. Large amount of moisture was therefore confined to the PBL, leading to a dry bias in the free atmosphere. Suffering from this dry bias, deep convection became lethargic, and MJO signals failed to occur. When the latent heating peak in the PBL was removed in another simulation, reasonable MJO signals, including the eastward propagation and the structure of its large-scale circulation, appeared. We therefore propose that the excessive latent heating peak in the PBL due to hyperactive shallow convection may be a reason for a lack of MJO signals in some simulations by other GCMs as well.

关键词： Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) latent heating planetary boundary layer (PBL)

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Covariation of the Indonesian Throughflow and South China Sea Throughflow Associated with the 1976/77 Regime Shift

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 87-94页

作者：刘钦燕王东晓周文谢强张燕 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre CityU-IAP Laboratory for Atmospheric SciencesCity University of Hong Kong South China Sea Marine Engineering Prospecting State Oceanic Administration

Changes in the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） and the South China Sea throughflow-measured by the Luzon Strait Transport （LST）-associated with the 1976/77 regime shift are analyzed using the Island Rule theory and the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation dataset. Results show that LST increased but ITF transport decreased after 1975. Such changes were induced by variations in wind stress associated with the regime shift. The strengthening of the easterly wind anomaly east of the Luzon Strait played an important role in the increase of LST after 1975, while the westerly wind anomaly in the equatorial pacific contributed significantly to the decrease in ITF transport after 1975; accounting for 53% of the change. After 1975, the Kuroshio Current strengthened and the Mindanao Current weakened in response to a decrease in the total transport of the North Equatorial Current. Both the North Equatorial Countercurrent and the South Equatorial Current weakened after 1975, and an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the western equatorial pacific prevented the tropical pacific water from entering the Indian Ocean directly.

关键词： Indonesian throughflow Luzon Strait Transport regime shift wind anomaly

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 67-79页

作者： Paxson K.Y.CHEUNG Wen ZHOU Dongxiao WANG Marco Y.T.LEUNG guy-carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong 510275China

This study focuses on the temporal variation of dissimilarity in heat content(HC)anomalies in the upper 300 m of ocean(HC300A)in the equatorial pacific(±10°N)and its response to the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The HC300A anomalies are derived from four ocean reanalyses that are commonly used in ENSO studies and are compared using a simple differencing *** dissimilarity in HC300A is found to vary closely with the magnitude of ENSO(regardless of phase),meaning that it tends to be greater during strong ENSO ***,the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses persists after the event *** effect is more pronounced after strong *** persistence of the dissimilarity after ENSO events is a result of a late maturation of the ENSO signal,its persistence,and the interruption of the signal decay due to follow-up ENSO *** combined effect of these three factors slows down the decay of HC300A in the region and hence results in the slow decay of *** is also found that areas with a significant spread in vertical temperature profiles collocate with the ENSO signal during warm ENSO ***,differences in subsurface process reconstruction are a significant factor in the dissimilarity among ocean reanalyses during warm ENSO events.

关键词： ocean reanalysis ocean heat content intercomparison ENSO equatorial pacific

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Remarkable Link between Projected Uncertainties of Arctic Sea-Ice Decline and Winter Eurasian climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 38-51页

作者： Hoffman H.N.CHEUNG Noel KEENLYSIDE Nour-Eddine OMRANI Wen ZHOU Geophysical Institute University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Bjerknes centre for climate Research University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5006Norway guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China

We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-Arctic sea-ice concentration(SIC) is strongly coupled with the Eurasian circulation in the boreal winter(December–March; DJFM), based on a singular value decomposition(SVD) analysis of the forced response of 11 CMIP5 models. In the models showing a stronger sea-ice decline, the Polar cell becomes weaker and there is an anomalous increase in the sea level pressure(SLP) along 60°N, including the Urals–Siberia region and the Iceland low region. There is an accompanying weakening of both the midlatitude westerly winds and the Ferrell cell,where the SVD signals are also related to anomalous sea surface temperature warming in the midlatitude North *** the Mediterranean region, the anomalous circulation response shows a decreasing SLP and increasing precipitation. The anomalous SLP responses over the Euro-Atlantic region project on to the negative North Atlantic Oscillation–like ***, pan-Arctic SIC decline could strongly impact the winter Eurasian climate, but we should be cautious about the causality of their linkage.

关键词： Arctic climate Siberian high Icelandic low three-cell meridional circulation

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impact of the South China Sea Throughflow on the pacific Low-Latitude Western Boundary Current:A Numerical Study for Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第6期28卷 1367-1376页

作者：王伟文王东晓周文刘钦燕俞永强李超 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences guy carpenter asia-pacific climate impact centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Prior studies have revealed that,as a part of the pacific tropical gyre,the South China Sea throughflow（SCSTF） is strongly influenced by the pacific low-latitude western boundary current（LLWBC）.In this study,ocean general circulation model（OGCM） experiments with and without connection to the South China Sea（SCS） were performed to investigate the impact of the SCSTF on the pacific *** model experiments show that if the SCS is blocked,seasonal variability of the Kuroshio and Mindanao Current becomes stronger,and the meridional migration of the North Equatorial Current（NEC） bifurcation latitude is *** in seasonal and interannual time scales,stronger Luzon Strait transport（LST） induces a stronger Kuroshio transport combined with a southward shift of the NEC bifurcation,which is unfavorable for a further increase of the LST;a weaker LST induces a weaker Kuroshio transport and a northward shifting NEC bifurcation,which is also unfavorable for the continuous decrease of the LST.

关键词： South China Sea throughflow low-latitude western boundary current Kuroshio NEC bifurcation

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