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Remote sensing of soil degradation:Pro gress andperspective

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 429-454页

作者： Jingzhe Wang Jianing Zhen Weifang Hu Songchao Chen Ivan Lizaga Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh Xiaodong Yang School of Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China institute of Agricultural Resources and environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou311200China Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000GhentBelgium Rubenstein School of environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont81 Carrigan DriveBurlingtonVT05405USA Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont210 Colchester AveBurlingtonVT05401USA Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

Soils constitute one of the most critical natural resources and maintaining their health is vital for agricultural development and ecological sustainability,providing many essential ecosystem services.Driven by climatic variations and anthropogenic activities,soil degradation has become a global issue that seriously threatens the ecological environment and food security.Remote sensing(RS)technologies have been widely used to investigate soil degradation as it is highly efficient,time-saving,and broad-scope.This review encompasses recent advances and the state-of-the-art of ground,proximal,and novel Rs techniques in soil degradation-related studies.We reviewed the RS-related indicators that could be used for monitoring soil degradation-related properties.The direct indicators(mineral composition,organic matter,surface roughness,and moisture content of soil)and indirect proxies(vegetation condition and land use/land cover change)for evaluating soil degradation were comprehensively summarized.The results suggest that these above indicators are effective for monitoring soil degradation,however,no indicators system has been established for soil degradation monitoring to date.We also discussed the RS's mechanisms,data,and methods for identifying specific soil degradation-related phenomena(e.g.,soil erosion,salinization,desertification,and contamination).We investigated the potential relations between soil degradation and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and also discussed the challenges and prospective use of RS for assessing soil degradation.To further advance and optimize technology,analysis and retrieval methods,we identify critical future research needs and directions:(1)multi-scale analysis of soil degradation;(2)availability of RS data;(3)soil degradation process modelling and prediction;(4)shared soil degradation dataset;(5)decision support systems;and(6)rehabilitation of degraded soil resource and the contribution of RS technology.Because it is difficult to monitor or measure all soil properties in the large

关键词： Soil degradation Remote sensing Soil properties Earth observation Sustainable development goals

Investigating drivers of microbial activity and respiration in a forested bog

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna E.REWCASTLE Jessica A.M.MOORE Jeremiah A.HENNING Melanie A.MAYES Courtney M.PATTERSON Gangsheng WANG Daniel B.METCALFE Aimée T.CLASSEN Rubenstein School of environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund Institute for Environment University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Department of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Climate Change Science institute and environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) institute for environmental Genomics&Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landmass;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystems are different from those that control C dynamics in upland forested soils.To explore how multiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape microbial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat mesocosms and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several microbial predictor variables,such as enzyme activity and microbial biomass,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proximity to vascular plants aboveground.We found that peat moisture content was positively correlated with respiration and microbial activity,even when moisture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic matter substrates in drier environments may be limiting for microbial activity.Proximity to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic respiration.This negative relationship may reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,microbial activity may decline as peat dries and cools near trees.Here,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions among,multiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence microbial activity.This approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally important C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzyme activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration ombrotrophic bog peat moisture plant proximity soil carbon sink

Heterogeneous reaction of SO_(2) on CaCO_(3) particles:Different impacts of NO_(2) and acetic acid on the sulfite and sulfate formation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 149-159页

作者： Ruixue Wang Ning Yang Jianlong Li Li Xu Narcisse T.Tsona Lin Du Wenxing Wang environment Research institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Despite the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))on mineral dust particles significantly affects the atmospheric environment,the effect of acidic gases on the formation of sulfite and sulfate from this reaction is not particularly clear.In this work,using the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)technique,we employed a mineral dust particle model(CaCO_(3))combined with NO_(2)and acetic acid to investigate their effects on the heterogeneous reaction of SO_(2)on CaCO_(3)particles.Itwas found that water vapor can promote the formation of sulfite and simulated radiation can facilitate the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate.The addition of NO_(2)or acetic acid to the reaction system altered the production of sulfate and sulfite accordingly.There was a synergistic effect between NO_(2)and SO_(2)that promoted the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate,and a competitive effect between acetic acid and SO_(2)that inhibited the formation of sulfite.Moreover,light and water vapor can also affect the heterogeneous reaction of SO_(2)with the coexistence ofmultiple gases.These findings improve our understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic gases and environmental factors on the formation of sulfite and sulfate in heterogeneous reactions.

关键词： Heterogeneous reaction Sulfur dioxide Simulated radiation Relative humidity Acid gases

Isotopic characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric ammonia during agricultural periods in the Xichuan area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 460-469页

作者： Xiaoshu Chen Tongqian Zhao Chunyan Xiao Xiaoming Guo Feihong Chen institute of Resources and environment Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

Nitrogen deposition is an important means of exogenous nitrogen input in reservoir water.Agricultural activities around the reservoir lead to a sharp increase in the concentration of ammonia in the atmosphere,which poses a threat to the reservoir water body.Clarifying the contribution of agricultural ammonia release to atmospheric NH_(x)(gaseous NH_(3)and particulate NH_(4)^(+)),in the reservoir area can provide a theoretical foundation for local reactive nitrogen control.We collected atmospheric NH_(3)and NH_(4)^(+)samples during the agricultural periods and analyzed the isotopic characteristics of atmospheric NH_(x)and the contribution rates of different ammonia sources in the Xichuan area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.The results showed that the initialδ~(15)N values of NH_(3)(-30.0‰to–7.2‰)and particulate NH_(4)^(+)(–33‰to+4.9‰for finer and coarser particles,respectively)are different,and their contribution ratios from dissimilar ammonia sources are also different,among which NH_(4)^(+)is more susceptible to meteorological factors.However,since the atmospheric NH_(x)in the Xichuan area is mainly gaseous NH_(3),the final sources of atmospheric ammonia nitrogen source depend on gaseous NH_(3).Agricultural sources(59%-74%)were the main NH_(3)sources in this area.Among them,the fertilizer use emission was dominant;it had the highest contribution rate in summer during the agricultural period and a more prominent impact in areas with less human interference.Reasonable regulation of the application of high-ammonia releasing fertilizer,especially during the agricultural period in summer,is an effective way to reduce the threat of atmospheric ammonia to water health.

关键词： Danjiangkou reservoir Atmospheric ammonia nitrogen Isotope Ammonia source analysis Agricultural sources

Comparison of antimony and arsenic behaviour at the river-lake junction in the middle of the Yangtze River Basin

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 189-200页

作者： Huiji Liu Wei Zeng Ziyang Lai Mengchang He Chunye Lin Wei Ouyang Xitao Liu State Key Laboratory of Water environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Advanced Interdisciplinary institute of environment and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China

As typical metalloid toxic elements widely distributed in environmental media,the geochemical behaviour of antimony(Sb)and arsenic(As)affects environmental safety.We selected the surface waters and sediments at the river-lake junction of Dongting Lake as the research objects,analysed the concentration and chemical partitioning of Sb and As,assessed its contamination and ecological risk levels,and discussed its sources and potential influencing factors.The concentrations of dissolved Sb and As in surface waters were low(environmental behaviour of metalloids in specific hydrological conditions,such as river-lake junctions.

关键词： Contamination Ecological risks Antimony(Sb) Arsenic(As) River-lake junction Dongting Lake

Chemical components of PM_(2.5)in different seasons in Harbin,China

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Particuology 2023年第5期76卷 113-121页

作者： Qinqin Yu Jiumeng Liu Yingjie Zhong Xubing Cao Yulong Wang Yuan Cheng State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150090China

The seasonal characteristics of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))were investigated from October 2020 to April 2021(spreading fall,winter and spring)in Harbin,a city located in northeast China.The mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)in winter were significantly higher than those in fall and spring.Moreover,our results indicated that various aerosol species had obvious seasonality.The proportions of secondary components were higher in winter than other two seasons.In contrast,the ratios of nitrate to sulfate(NO_(3)^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-))showed lower levels in winter,which was because both the ratios of nitrogen dioxide to sulfur dioxide(NO_(2)/SO_(2))and the ratios of nitrogen oxidation ratio to sulfur oxidation ratio(NOR/SOR)exhibited lower values in winter than in fall and spring.With PM_(2.5)increased,the NO_(3)^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)ratios showed increasing trends in all three seasons,which was mainly attributed to the increase of NOR/SOR ratios in fall and spring,and the increase of both NO_(2)/SO_(2)and NOR/SOR ratios in winter.This result highlighted that nitrate was more important than sulfate as a driver for the growth of PM_(2.5)during the period of heavy air pollution.Additionally,the sources of organic aerosol(OA)in different seasons were also distinctly different.Overall,the sum of biomass burning OA(BBOA)and secondary OA(SOA)contributed>70%of OA in three seasons.The fractional contributions of BBOA to total OA,notably,exhibited higher levels in fall and spring,because of intensive open agricultural fires.The SOA fractions in OA were larger in winter,likely due to higher relative humidity which facilitated the secondary for-mation.A large increase in the proportions of BBOA was observed during polluted days in fall and spring compared to clean days.In comparison,during heavily-polluted periods,secondary formation made a dominant contribution to organic matter in winter.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Seasonal characteristics Sulfate Nitrate Biomass burning Secondary formation

生物质制备纳米零价铁生物炭的铁相转移和原位还原机制

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Engineering 2023年第2期21卷 124-134,M0005,M0006页

作者：卓胜男任宏宇谢国俊邢德峰刘冰峰 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

纳米零价铁生物炭(nZVI-BC)作为一种由废弃生物质制备的环境友好性材料,可有效解决生物质转化和环境污染问题。然而,复杂的生物质/生物炭改性过程阻碍了它们的进一步生产和应用。在本研究中,一种绿色溶剂聚乙二醇400(PEG400)被引入到FeC... 详细信息

纳米零价铁生物炭(nZVI-BC)作为一种由废弃生物质制备的环境友好性材料,可有效解决生物质转化和环境污染问题。然而,复杂的生物质/生物炭改性过程阻碍了它们的进一步生产和应用。在本研究中,一种绿色溶剂聚乙二醇400(PEG400)被引入到FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O改性水稻秸秆(RS)的反应体系中,改性后的RS通过一步热解法被转化为nZ VI-BC。PEG400的添加促进了铁离子的水解并改善了RS的表面结构,有利于Fe2O3附着到RS表面。在60℃、80℃、100℃,0.5h的改性条件下,RS中木质素组分损失不多,有利于高温热解过程中碳骨架的形成。Fe_(2)O_(3)在热解产生的还原气体和无定形碳的帮助下被还原,最终形成nZVI-BC。将该方法制备的nZVI-BC用于染料刚果红的催化高级氧化去除,结果表明nZVI-BC具有快速的吸附能力(5 min时吸附效果为70.6%)和高效的催化降解能力(60 min时催化降解90%)。本研究为nZVI-BC的制备提供了一种新的策略,为其规模化生产和应用奠定了基础。

关键词：碳骨架纳米零价铁生物炭废弃生物质热解法物质制备高温热解环境友好性

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition effect of fine particulate matter from the Yangtze River Delta region in China on human bronchial epithelial cells

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 155-164页

作者： Yulang Chi Qiansheng Huang Yi Lin Guozhu Ye Huimin Zhu Sijun Dong Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab of Urban environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that fine particulate matter（PM（2.5）） exposure causes airway inflammation, which may lead to lung cancer. The activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition（EMT） is assumed to be a crucial step in lung tumor metastasis and development. We assessed the EMT effect of low concentrations（0, 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 μg/m L）of PM（2.5） organic extract on a human bronchial epithelial cell line（BEAS-2 B）. PM（2.5） samples were collected from three cities（Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nanjing） in the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） region in autumn 2014. BEAS-2 B cells were exposed to the PM（2.5） extract to assess cell viability, invasion ability as well as the relative m RNA and protein expressions of EMT markers. Our findings revealed that BEAS-2 B cells changed from the epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype after exposure. In all groups, PM（2.5） exposure dose-dependently decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of Vimentin. The key transcription factors, including ZEB1 and Slug, were significantly up-regulated upon exposure. These results indicated that the PM（2.5） organic extract induced different degrees of EMT progression in BEAS-2 B cells. The cell invasion ability increased in a concentration-dependent manner after 48 hr of treatment with the extract. This study offers a novel insight into the effects of PM（2.5） on EMT and the potential health risks associated with PM（2.5） in the YRD region.

关键词： PM2.5 BEAS-2B Epithelial–mesenchymal transition Cell invasion

Characterization of sulfide oxidation and optimization of sulfate production by a thermophilic Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3 isolated from sewage sludge composting

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 712-722页

作者： Li Chen Weiguang Li Yi Zhao Shumei Zhang Liqiang Meng Yujie Zhou School of environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China institute of Microbiology Heilongjiang Academy of SciencesHarbin 150010China

The sulfur-containing odor emitted from sludge composting could be controlled by sulfide oxidizing bacteria, yet mesophilic strains show inactivation during the thermophilic stage of composting. Aimed to investigate and characterize the thermotolerant bacterium that could oxidize sulfide into sulfate, a heterotrophic strain was isolated from sewage sludge composting and identified as Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3. The effects of various environmental factors on sulfide oxidation capacities were studied to optimize the sulfate production, and the highest production rate (27.35%±0.86%) was obtained at pH 7.34, the rotation speed of 161.14 r/min, and the inoculation amount of 5.83%by employing BoxBehnken design. The results of serial sulfide substrates experiments indicated that strain LYH-3 could survive up to 400 mg/L of sulfide with the highest sulfide removal rate (88.79%±0.35%) obtained at 50 mg/L of sulfide. Growth kinetic analysis presented the maximum specific growth rateμm(0.5274 hr-1) after 22 hr cultivation at 50℃. The highest enzyme activities of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (0.369±0.052 U/mg) and sulfur dioxygenase (0.255±0.014 U/mg) were both obtained at 40℃, and the highest enzyme activity of sulfite acceptor oxidoreductase (1.302±0.035 U/mg) was assessed at 50℃. The results indicated that P. naphthalenovorans possessed a rapid growth rate and efficient sulfide oxidation capacities under thermophilic conditions, promising a potential application in controlling sulfur-containing odors during the thermophilic stage of sludge composting.

关键词： Sulfide oxidizing bacteria Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans Thermophilic strains Optimization Growth kinetics Bacterial isolation