检索结果-南通市图书馆

Disaster Risk Reduction in Cameroon: Are Contemporary Disaster Management Frameworks Accommodating the Sendai Framework Agenda 2030?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 462-477页

作者： Henry Ngenyam Bang Lee Stuart Miles Richard Duncan Gordon Disaster Management Centre Bournemouth UniversityDorsetTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK

Many African countries are prone to numerous hazardous events,exacerbated by the vulnerability of their rapidly increasing population and leading to frequent disasters that often have dire fiscal and development ***,there is declining sensitivity to these risks,contrary to the conventional wisdom of disaster management(DM)*** primary aim of this research is to understand the constraints and/or challenges limiting the ability of contemporary African DM systems/institutional frameworks from implementing adequate disaster risk reduction(DRR)*** a qualitative,case study based research strategy,this research investigates resistance to the effective implementation of DM/DRR within Cameroon’s contemporary DM system by using the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 guiding principles for DRR as *** findings reveal the existence of resistance factors that particularly complicate the communication,decision making,and coordination of DRR activities,the provision of resources,aspects of international assistance,as well as DRR planning and *** authors argue that such resistance factors contribute to making Cameroon’s DM system more reactive and further undermine risk *** article concludes by offering key recommendations that have the potential to alleviate the identified resistance factors as well as strengthen Cameroon’s DM,particularly in relation to capacity building,training,research development,and organizational resilience.

关键词： Cameroon Communication resistance Disaster management Disaster management system Disaster risk reduction West Africa

Research in spinal surgery: Evaluation and practice of evidence-based medicine

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第2期5卷 89-93页

作者： Mark E Oppenlander Christopher M Maulucci George M Ghobrial James S Harrop Department of Neurological surgery Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA19107 United States Division of Neurological surgery Barrow Neurological Institute St. Joseph Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenix AZ 85003 United States

Evidence-based medicine(EBM) is a common concept among medical practitioners, yet unique challenges arise when EBM is applied to spinal surgery. Due to the relative rarity of certain spinal disorders, and a lack of management equipoise, randomized controlled trials may be difficult to execute. Despite this, responsibility rests with spinal surgeons to design high quality studies in order to justify certain treatment modalities. The authors therefore review the tenets of implementing evidencebased research, through the lens of spinal disorders. The process of EBM begins with asking the correct *** appropriate study is then designed based on the research question. Understanding study designs allows the spinal surgeon to assess the level of evidence *** outcome measurements allow clinicians to communicate the success of treatment strategies, and will increase the quality of a given study design. Importantly,one must recognize that the randomized controlled trial is not always the optimal study design for a given research question. Rather, prospective observational cohort studies may be more appropriate in certain circumstances, and would provide superior generalizability. Despite the challenges involved with EBM, it is the future of medicine. These issues surrounding EBM are important for spinal surgeons, as well as health policy makers and editorial boards, to have familiarity.

关键词： Evidence-based medicine Spinal surgery Trial design Research Methodology

A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitating total and unbound ceritinib in patient plasma and brain tumor

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第1期8卷 20-26页

作者： Xun Bao Jianmei Wu Nader Sanai Jing Li Karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State University barrow Neurological Institute St. Joseph's Hospital& Medical Center

A rapid, sensitive, and robust reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of total and unbound ceritinib, a secondgeneration ALK inhibitor, in patient plasma and brain tumor tissue samples. Sample preparation involved simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18) column using a 4-min gradient elution consisting of mobile phase A(0.1% formic acid in water) and mobile phase B(0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 0.4 m L/min. Ceritinib and the internal standard([^(13)C_6]ceritinib) were monitored using multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive electrospray ionization. The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ) was 1 n M of ceritinib in plasma. The calibration curve was linear over ceritinib concentration range of 1–2000 n M in plasma. The intra-and interday precision and accuracy were within the generally accepted criteria for bioanalytical method( o15%).The method was successfully applied to assess ceritinib brain tumor penetration, as assessed by the unbound drug brain concentration to unbound drug plasma concentration ratio, in patients with brain tumors.

关键词： Ceritinib Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) Fraction unbound in plasma Fraction unbound in brain tissue Brain tumor penetration Unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the penumbra aggravates secondary damage in rats with traumatic brain injury

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1260-1266页

作者： Guo-zhu Sun Fen-fei Gao Zong-mao Zhao Hai Sun Wei Xu Li-wei Wu Yong-chang He Department of Neurosurgery Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacology Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina Division of Neurological surgery Barrow Neurological InstituteSt Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA

Neuronal apoptosis is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways such as the membrane-mediated,mitochondrial,and endoplasmic reticulum stress *** studies have examined the endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis pathway in the penumbra after traumatic brain injury,and it remains unclear whether endoplasmic reticulum stress can activate the caspase-12-dependent apoptotic pathway in the traumatic ***,we established rat models of fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury and found that protein expression of caspase-12,caspase-3 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker 78 k Da glucose-regulated protein increased in the traumatic penumbra 6 hours after injury and peaked at 24 ***,numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end labeling-positive cells in the traumatic penumbra also reached peak levels 24 hours after *** findings suggest that caspase-12-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-related apoptosis is activated in the traumatic penumbra,and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis caspase-12 caspase-3 traumatic penumbra traumatic brain injury neural regeneration

Sleep and Cognitive Abnormalities in Acute Minor Thalamic Infarction

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第4期32卷 341-348页

作者： Wei Wu Linyang Cui Ying Fu Qianqian Tian Lei Liu Xuan Zhang Ning Du Ying Chen Zhijun Qiu Yijun Song Fu-Dong Shi Rong Xue Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstituteSt.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center

In order to characterize sleep and the cognitive patterns in patients with acute minor thalamic infarction （AMTI）, we enrolled 27 patients with AMTI and 12 mat- ched healthy individuals. Questionnaires about sleep and cognition as well as polysomnography （PSG） were performed on days 14 and 90 post-stroke. Compared to heal- thy controls, in patients with AMTI, hyposomnia was more prevalent; sleep architecture was disrupted as indicated by decreased sleep efficiency, increased sleep latency, and decreased non-rapid eye movement sleep stages 2 and 3; more sleep-related breathing disorders occurred; and cog- nitive functions were worse, especially memory. While sleep apnea and long-delay memory recovered to a large extent in the patients, other sleep and cognitive function deficit often persisted. Patients with AMTI are at an increased risk for hyposomnia, sleep structure disturbance, sleep apnea, and memory deficits. Although these abnormalities improved over time, the slow and incomplete improvement suggest that early management should be considered in these patients.

关键词： Acute minor thalamic infarction Polysomnography Cognition

Experimental models of neuromyelitis optica: current status, challenges and future directions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第6期31卷 735-744页

作者： Minshu Li Yaping Yan Department of Neurology Tianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General Hospital Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstituteSt. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center

Neuromyelitis optica （NMO） is a recurrent inflammatory disease that predominantly attacks the optic nerves and spinal cord. NMO-IgG, the specific autoantibody present in the vast majority of NMO patients, targets the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin 4 （AQP4）, and differentiates NMO from multiple sclerosis. The growing clinical and research interest in NMO makes it urgent to produce an animal model of NMO. The pathogenic effect of anti-AQP4 antibodies derived from the serum of patients paves the way to generating an experimental model based on the anti-AQP4-mediated astrocyte damage. In this review, we discuss the contribution of experimental models to the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and drug development. Key questions raised by the existing models are also discussed.

关键词： neuromyelitis optica animal model NMO-IgG astrocyte

State of the Art in Alcohol Sensing with 2D Materials

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第3期12卷 22-54页

作者： Ramin Boroujerdi Amr Abdelkader Richard Paul Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityTalbot CampusFern BarrowPoole BH125BBUK Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

Since the discovery of graphene,the star among new materials,there has been a surge of attention focused on the monatomic and monomolecular sheets which can be obtained by exfoliation of layered *** materials are known as two-dimensional(2D)materials and offer enormous versatility and *** ultimate single atom,or molecule,thickness of the 2D materials sheets provides the highest surface to weight ratio of all the nanomaterials,which opens the door to the design of more sensitive and reliable chemical *** variety of properties and the possibility of tuning the chemical and surface properties of the 2D materials increase their potential as selective sensors,targeting chemical species that were previously difficult to *** planar structure and the mechanical flexibility of the sheets allow new sensor designs and put 2D materials at the forefront of all the candidates for wearable *** developing sensors for alcohol,the response time is an essential factor for many industrial and forensic applications,particularly when it comes to hand-held ***,we review recent developments in the applications of 2D materials in sensing alcohols along with a study on parameters that affect the sensing *** review also discusses the strategies used to develop the sensor along with their mechanisms of sensing and provides a critique of the current limitations of 2D materials-based alcohol sensors and an outlook for the future research required to overcome the challenges.

关键词： Sensors and biosensors Alcohol probes Electrochemical detectors Ethanol metabolites 2D materials

Endovascular treatment with or without intravenous alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 190-199页

作者： Ximing Nie David Wang Yuehua Pu Yufei Wei Qixuan Lu Hongyi Yan Xin Liu Lina Zheng Jingyi Liu Xinxuan Yang Yarong Ding Dacheng Liu Wanying Duan Zhe Zhang Zhonghua Yang Miao Wen Weibin Gu Xinyi Hou Xinyi Leng Yuesong Pan Zhongrong Miao Liping Liu Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Neurovascular Division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong KongChina Department of Radiology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Interventional Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background and purpose It remains controversial if endovascular treatment(EVT)can improve the outcome of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion(BAO).This study aims to compare the functional outcomes between EVT with and without intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)first in patients who had acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)due to *** Patients who had AIS with BAO who underwent EVT within 24 hours of onset were enrolled in this multicentre cohort study,and the efficacy and safety were compared between IVT+EVT and direct *** primary outcome was 90-day functional *** outcomes were assessed with adjusted OR(aOR)from the multivariable logistic *** addition,a meta-analysis was performed on all recently published pivotal studies on functional independence after EVT in patients with *** Of 310 enrolled patients with BAO,241(78%)were treated with direct EVT and 69(22%)with IVT+*** EVT was associated with a worse functional outcome(aOR,0.46(95%CI 0.24 to 0.85),p=0.01).IVT+EVT was associated with a lower percentage of patients who needed≥3 passes of stent retriever(10.14%vs 20.75%).The meta-analysis regression revealed a potential positive correlation between bridging with IVT first and functional independence(r=0.14(95%CI 0.05 to 0.24),p<0.01).Conclusions This study showed that compared with direct EVT,EVT with IVT first was associated with better functional outcomes in patients with BAO treated within 24 hours of *** meta-analysis demonstrated similar favourable efficacy of IVT first followed by EVT in patients with BAO.

关键词： acute intravenous occlusion

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

医患共同决策:NICE指南摘要

英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第10期25卷 109-111页

作者： Chris Carmona Joseph Crutwell Marie Burnham Louisa Polak 王秋梅(译) 刘晓红(校) on behalf of the Guideline Committee National Institute for Health and Care Excellence LondonUK guildhall and barrow surgery Bury St Edmunds IP331ETand Primary Care UnitDepartment of Public Health and Primary CareCambridge UniversityUK 中国医学科学院北京协和医院老年医学科不详

医患共同决策(shared decision-making,SDM)作为优质医疗的核心特征,已经得到普遍认同。英国国家健康体系(National Health Services,NHS)章程第四条规定:"只要情况适当,患者、家属和照护者应参与所有相关医疗和照护决策的讨论及制订过... 详细信息

医患共同决策(shared decision-making,SDM)作为优质医疗的核心特征,已经得到普遍认同。英国国家健康体系(National Health Services,NHS)章程第四条规定:"只要情况适当,患者、家属和照护者应参与所有相关医疗和照护决策的讨论及制订过程"。因为大多数NHS医务人员和专员们承认,并非所有患方都能获得这种机会,所以授权英国国家健康与临床优选研究所(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE)制订本指南,以促进SDM能更好地用于临床实践。为此,本指南将共同决策定义为"患者和医务人员共同参与,制订医护照料决策的过程"。

关键词：照护者医患共同决策制订过程临床实践 SDM 健康体系核心特征