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Synthetic Automations:A Revolution from"Stone Age"to Modern Era

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第9期41卷 1075-1079页

作者： Guichun Fang Dian-Zhao Lin Kuangbiao Liao Guangzhou Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 510320China

Traditional synthesis made outstanding achievements but still suffers various drawbacks,such as manual operation,poor efficiency,and lack of reproducibility.Thanks to the development of laboratory automation,synthetic chemistry is now chasing a pavement from a labor-intensive process to intelligent automation.Herein,we highlight some of the most recent representative breakthroughs in automated synthesis and present an outlook for this field.We hope this Topic can arouse chemists'interest in automated synthe-sis and drive synthetic automation to a better intelligent and automatic way.

关键词： Automated synthesis Organic synthesis AutomationAl-driven Artificial intelligence Machine Learning Flow chemistry

Highly efficient generation of blastocyst-like structures from spliceosomes-repressed mouse totipotent blastomere-like cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 423-435页

作者： Pengfei Zhang Xuzhao Zhai Boyan Huang Shu Sun Wen Jing Wang Man Zhang GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and DiseasesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510005China Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas(CCLA) Bioland LaboratoryGuangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhou 510005China

Mammalian embryogenesis begins with a totipotent zygote.Blastocyst-like structures can be captured by aggregated cells with extended pluripotent properties in a three-dimensional(3D)culture system.However,the efficiency of generating blastoids is low,and it remains unclear whether other reported totipotent-like stem cells retain a similar capacity.In this study,we demonstrated that spliceosomal repression-induced totipotent blastomere-like cells(TBLCs)form blastocyst-like structures within around 80%of all microwells.In addition,we generated blastoids initiating from a single TBLC.TBLC-blastoids express specific markers of constituent cell lineages of a blastocyst and resemble blastocyst in cell-lineage allocation.Moreover,singlecell RNA sequencing revealed that TBLC-blastoids share a similar transcriptional profile to natural embryos,albeit composed of fewer primitive endoderm-like cells.Furthermore,TBLC-blastoids can develop beyond the implantation stage in vitro and induce decidualization in vivo.In summary,our findings provided an alternative cell type to efficiently generate blastoids for the study of early mouse embryogenesis.

关键词： blastoids TBLCs early embryogenesis totipotent

Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection in children with acute respiratory tract infections in guangzhou,China,2010–2021:a molecular epidemiology study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 545-552页

作者： Yi Chen Tao Lin Chang‑Bing Wang Wan‑Li Liang Guang‑Wan Lian Mark Zanin Sook‑San Wong Xin‑Gui Tian Jia‑Yu Zhong Ying‑Ying Zhang Jia‑Hui Xie Ling‑Ling Zheng Fei‑Yan Chen Run Dang Ming‑Qi Zhao Yi‑Yu Yang Rong Zhou Bing Zhu Center laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China State Key laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Intensive Care Unit Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510120China

Background Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection can cause a variety of diseases.It is a major pathogen of pediatric acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs)and can be life-threatening in younger children.We described the epidemiology and subtypes shifting of HAdV among children with ARI in guangzhou,China.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 161,079 children diagnosed with acute respiratory illness at the guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center between 2010 and 2021.HAdV specimens were detected by real-time PCR and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis.Results Before the COVID-19 outbreak in guangzhou,the annual frequency of adenovirus infection detected during this period ranged from 3.92%to 13.58%,with an epidemic peak every four to fve years.HAdV demonstrated a clear seasonal distribution,with the lowest positivity in March and peaking during summer(July or August)every year.A signifcant increase in HAdV cases was recorded for 2018 and 2019,which coincided with a shift in the dominant HAdV subtype from HAdV-3 to HAdV-7.The latter was associated with a more severe disease compared to HAdV-3.The average mortality proportion for children infected with HAdV from 2016 to 2019 was 0.38%but increased to 20%in severe cases.After COVID-19 emerged,HAdV cases dropped to 2.68%,suggesting that non-pharmaceutical interventions probably reduced the transmission of HAdV in the community.Conclusion Our study provides the foundation for the understanding of the epidemiology of HAdV and its associated risks in children in Southern China.

关键词： Acute respiratory tract infection Children Human adenovirus Severe acute hepatitis Southern China

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the genital tractis associated with inflammation and hypospermia inthe infertile male of China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 56-61页

作者： Hua Zhou Shunhong Wu Xiaohua Tang Guanqing Zhou Jingru Yuan Qing Li Yaoyong Chen Xia Xu Xiaofang Sun Detu Zhu Yumei Luo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong ProvinceThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510150China Key laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510150China Kingmed School of laboratory Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510182China Department of Clinical laboratory The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510150China

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial disease worldwide. However, unlikethat in female infertility, the role of CT infection in male infertility remains controversial. The objective of this retrospective studywas to explore the impacts of CT infection in the genital tract on sperm quality, sperm acrosin activity, antisperm antibody levels,and inflammation in a large cohort of infertile males in China. A total of 7154 semen samples were collected from infertile malesubjects, 416 of whom were CT positive (CT+ group) and 6738 of whom were CT negative (CT− group), in our hospital betweenJanuary 2016 and December 2018. Routine semen parameters (semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, viability, motility,morphology, etc.), granulocyte elastase levels, antisperm antibody levels, and sperm acrosin activity were compared between theCT+ and CT− groups. Our results showed that CT infection was significantly correlated with an abnormally low semen volume, aswell as an increased white blood cell count and granulocyte elastase level (all P < 0.05) in the semen of infertile males;otherroutine semen parameters were not negatively impacted. The antisperm antibody level and sperm acrosin activity were not affectedby CT infection. These findings suggested that CT infection might contribute to inflammation and hypospermia but does not impairsperm viability, motility morphology, and acrosin activity or generate antisperm antibodies in the infertile males of China.

关键词： Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract obstruction hypospermia male infertility semen parameters sperm quality

Analysis of severe human adenovirus infection outbreak in Guangdong Province,southern China in 2019

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第3期37卷 331-340页

作者： Wenkuan Liu Shuyan Qiu Li Zhang Hongkai Wu Xingui Tian Xiao Li Duo Xu Jing Dai Shujun Gu Qian Liu Dehui Chen Rong Zhou State Key laboratory of Respiratory Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510040China Scientific Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510062China Bioland laboratory Guangzhou LaboratoryGuangzhou510320China

During 2018–2019,a severe human adenovirus(HAdV)infection outbreak occurred in southern China.Here,we screened 18 respiratory pathogens in 1704 children(≤14 years old)hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in guangzhou,China,in 2019.In total,151 patients had positive HAdV test results;34.4%(52/151)of them exhibited severe illness.HAdV infection occurred throughout the year,with a peak in summer.The median patient age was 3.0(interquartile range:1.1–5.0)years.Patients with severe HAdV infection exhibited increases in12 clinical indexes(P≤0.019)and decreases in four indexes(P≤0.007),compared with patients exhibiting nonsevere infection.No significant differences were found in age or sex distribution according to HAdV infection severity(P>0.05);however,the distributions of comorbid disease and HAdV co-infection differed according to HAdV infection severity(Pguangzhou01(accession no.DQ099432)(P>0.05);the HAdV-7 isolate exhibited stronger virulence and infectivity,compared with HAdV-3(P<0.001).Overall,comorbid disease,HAdV co-infection,and high virulence and infectivity of HAdV-7 were critical risk factors for severe HAdV infection;these data can facilitate treatment,control,and prevention of HAdV infection.

关键词： Human adenovirus(HAdV) Human adenovirus type 7(HAdV-7) Severe illness Epidemiology Acute respiratory illness Virulence and infectivity Risk factor

mFAST:A MATLAB toolbox for ocean bottom seismometer refraction first-arrival traveltime tomography

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第5期6卷 487-494页

作者： Bin Liu Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Guangzhou 511458China

First-arrival seismic traveltime tomography(FAST)is a well-established technique to estimate subsurface velocity structures.Although several existing open-source packages are available for first-arrival traveltime tomography,most were written in compiled languages and lack sufficient extendibility for new algorithms and functionalities.In this work,we develop an open-source,selfcontained FAST package based on MATLAB,one of the most popular interpreted scientific programming languages,with a focus on ocean bottom seismometer refraction traveltime tomography.Our package contains a complete traveltime tomography workflow,including ray-tracing-based first-arrival traveltime computation,linearized inversion,quality control,and high-quality visualization.We design the package as a modular toolbox,making it convenient to integrate new algorithms and functionalities as needed.At the current stage,our package is most efficient for performing FAST for two-dimensional ocean bottom seismometer surveys.We demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of our package by using a synthetic data example based on a modified Marmousi model.

关键词： ocean bottom seismometer(OBS) first-arrival traveltime tomography open source MATLAB

HCV 6a was expanding and became the predominant subtype among blood donors between 2004 and 2019 in Guangdong, China

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第5期37卷 765-768页

作者： Rongsong Du Ru Xu Jieting Huang Hao Wang Min Wang Qiao Liao Zhengang Shan Huishan Zhong Yourong Zheng Xia Rong Yongshui Fu guangzhou Blood Center Guangzhou510095China The Key Medical laboratory of guangzhou Guangzhou510095China(2021-2023) Department of Transfusion Medicine School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China

Dear Editor,There were an estimated 9.4 million patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)in China,putting a considerable burden on public health(Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators,2022).What is more,the incidence of HCV infection increased 14.5%every year based on data from China's National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System(Zhang et al.,2019).Approximately 75%of individuals infected with HCV develops chronic hepatitis,while long-term chronic HCV infection is the most important cause of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： predominant expanding

Photoperiodic diapause in a subtropical population of Aedes albopictus in guangzhou,China:optimized fieldlaboratory-based study and statistical models for comprehensive characterization

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 903-915页

作者： Dan Xia Xiang Guo Tian Hu Li Li Ping-Ying Teng Qing-Qing Yin Lei Luo Tian Xie Yue-Hong Wei Qian Yang Shu-Kai Li Yu-Ji Wang Yu Xie Yi-Ji Li Chun-Mei Wang Zhi-Cong Yang Xiao-Guang Chen Xiao-Hong Zhou Department of Pathogen Biology Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher InstitutesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515GuangdongChina WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongSpecial Administrative RegionChina guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 510515China

Background:Aedes albopictus is among the 100 most invasive species worldwide and poses a major risk to public health.Photoperiodic diapause provides a crucial ecological basis for the adaptation of this species to adverse environments.Ae.albopictus is the vital vector transmitting dengue virus in guangzhou,but its diapause activities herein remain obscure.Methods:In the laboratory,yeast powder and food slurry were compared for a proper diapause determination method,and the critical photoperiod(CPP)was tested at illumination times of 11,11.5,12,12.5,13,and 13.5 h.A 4-parameter logistic(4PL)regression model was selected to estimate the CPP.In the field,the seasonal dynamics of the Ae.albopictus population,egg diapause,and hatching of overwintering eggs were investigated monthly,weekly,and daily,respectively.A distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was used to assess the associations of diapause with meteorological factors.Results:In the laboratory,both the wild population and the Foshan strain of Ae.albopictus were induced to diapause at an incidence greater than 80%,and no significant difference(P>0.1)was observed between the two methods for identifying diapause.The CPP of this population was estimated to be 12.312 h of light.In the field,all of the indexes of the wild population were at the lowest levels from December to February,and the Route Index was the first to increase in March.Diapause incidence displayed pronounced seasonal dynamics.It was estimated that the day lengths of 12.111 h at week2016,43 and 12.373 h at week2017,41 contributed to diapause in 50%of the eggs.Day length was estimated to be the main meteorological factor related to diapause.Conclusions:Photoperiodic diapause of Ae.albopictus in guangzhou of China was confirmed and comprehensively elucidated in both the laboratory and the field.Diapause eggs are the main form for overwintering and begin to hatch in large quantities in March in guangzhou.Furthermore,this study also established an optimized investigation system and statistical models for

关键词： Subtropical Aedes albopictus Critical photoperiod Photoperiodic diapause Distributed lag non-linear model

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Auto Machine Learning Assisted Preparation of Carboxylic Acid by TEMPO-Catalyzed Primary Alcohol Oxidation

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第2期41卷 143-150页

作者： Jia Qiu Yougen Xu Shimin Su Yadong Gao Peiyuan Yu Zhixiong Ruan Kuangbiao Liao Guangdong laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangzhouGuangdong 510663China guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Molecular Target&Clinical Pharmacology the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 511436China Bioland laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 510005China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China Guangzhou Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong 510320China

Though alcohol oxidations were considered as well-established reactions,selecting productive conditions or predicting reaction yields for unseen alcohols remained as major challenges.Herein,an auto machine learning(ML)model for TEMPO-catalyzed oxida-tion of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids is disclosed.A dataset of 3444 data,consisting of 282 primary alco-hols and 45 conditions,were generated using high-throughput experimentation(HTE).With the HTE data and 105 descriptors,a multi-label prediction was performed with AutoGluon(an open-source auto machine learning framework)and KNIME(an open-source data analytics platform).For the independent test of 240 reactions(a full matrix of 20 unseen alcohols and 12 condi-tions),AutoGluon with multi-label prediction for yield prediction(AGMP)gave excellent performance.For external test of 1308 re-actions(consisting of 84 alcohols and 45 conditions),AGMP still afforded good results with R2 as 0.767 and MAE as 4.9%.The model also revealed that the newly generated descriptor(Y/N,classification of the reaction reactivity)was the most relevant descriptor for yield prediction,offering a new perspective to integrate HTE and ML in organic synthesis.

关键词： TEMPO Oxidation Primary alcohols Carboxylic acids AutoGluon