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Privacy Preserving Algorithm for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Vehicle Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 30-42页

作者： Hongning LI Tonghui HU Jiexiong CHEN Xiuqiang WU Qingqi PEI guangzhou institute of Technology Xidian University guangzhou CEPREI Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing

The scarcity of spectrum resources fails to meet the increasing throughput demands of vehicular networks. There is an urgent need to maximize the utilization of spectrum bands in mobile networks. To ascertain the availability of spectrum bands, users should engage in wireless channel sensing and collaboration. However, spectrum sensing data always involves users’ privacy, such as their location. This paper first introduces sensing trajectory inference attack in cognitive vehicular networks and then proposes a data confusion-based privacy-preserving algorithm and a cryptonym array-based privacy-preserving aggregation scheme for spectrum sensing in cognitive vehicular networks. Unlike existing methods, the proposed schemes transmit confused data during the aggregation process. This deliberate obfuscation makes it almost impossible to infer users’ location from the transmitted data. The analysis demonstrates the resilience of the proposed schemes against sensing trajectory inference attack.

关键词： Location privacy preservation Cognitive radio network Cooperative spectrum sensing

Model architecture level privacy leakage in neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 20-32页

作者： Yan LI Hongyang YAN Teng HUANG Zijie PAN Jiewei LAI Xiaoxue ZHANG Kongyang CHEN Jin LI institute of Artificial Intelligent and Blockchain Guangzhou University Pazhou Lab

Privacy leakage is one of the most critical issues in machine learning and has attracted growing interest for tasks such as demonstrating potential threats in model attacks and creating model defenses.In recent years, numerous studies have revealed various privacy leakage risks(e.g., data reconstruction attack, membership inference attack, backdoor attack, and adversarial attack) and several targeted defense approaches(e.g., data denoising, differential privacy, and data encryption). However, existing solutions generally focus on model parameter levels to disclose(or repair) privacy threats during the model training and/or model interference process, which are rarely applied at the model architecture level. Thus, in this paper, we aim to exploit the potential privacy leakage at the model architecture level through a pioneer study on neural architecture search(NAS) paradigms which serves as a powerful tool to automate a neural network design.By investigating the NAS procedure, we discover two attack threats in the model architecture level called the architectural dataset reconstruction attack and the architectural membership inference attack. Our theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation reveal that an attacker may leverage the output architecture of an ongoing NAS paradigm to reconstruct its original training set, or accurately infer the memberships of its training set simply from the model architecture. In this work, we also propose several defense approaches related to these model architecture attacks. We hope our work can highlight the need for greater attention to privacy protection in model architecture levels(e.g., NAS paradigms).

关键词： neural architecture search data reconstruction attack membership inference attack

Effects of zero-valent iron added in the flooding or drainage process on cadmium immobilization in an acid paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 19-31页

作者： Hanbing Meng Shiwen Hu Zebin Hong Wenting Chi Guojun Chen Kuan Cheng QiWang Tongxu Liu Fangbai Li Kexue Liu Yang Yang guangzhou institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Resources and Planning Guangzhou Xinhua UniversityGuangzhou 510310China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Zero-valent iron(ZVI)is a promising material for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils.However,the effects of ZVI added during flooding or drainage processes on cadmium(Cd)retention remain unclear.Herein,Cd-contaminated paddy soil was incubated for 40days of flooding and then for 15 days of drainage,and the underlying mechanisms of Cd immobilization coupled with Fe/S/N redox processes were investigated.The addition of ZVI to the flooding process was more conducive to Cd immobilization.Less potential available Cd was detected by adding ZVI before flooding,which may be due to the increase in paddy soil pH and newly formed secondary Fe minerals.Moreover,the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals promoted the release of soil colloids,thereby increasing significantly the surface sites and causing Cd immobilization.Additionally,the addition of ZVI before flooding played a vital role in Cd retention after soil drainage.In contrast,the addition of ZVI in the drainage phase was not conducive to Cd retention,which might be due to the rapid decrease in soil pH that inhibited Cd adsorption and further immobilization on soil surfaces.The findings of this study demonstrated that Cd availability in paddy soil was largely reduced by adding ZVI during the flooding period and provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of ZVI remediation in Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

关键词： Paddy soil Zero-valent iron Cadmium Flooding and drainage Remediation

Cyber-Physical Resilience Enhancement for Power Transmission Systems with Energy Storage Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 844-855页

作者： Wenhao Zhang Dongyang Rui Weihong Wang Yang Guo Zhaoxia Jing Wenhu Tang School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China guangzhou Zhiguang Electric Co. Ltd and Zhiguang Research Institute(Guangzhou)Co.LtdGuangzhou 510765China

In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in power systems only considers faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method considering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates optimal planning of ES systems, and the second stage assesses resilience and enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling monitoring and control function of control center. As a result, when detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical coupling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show compared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load Shedding.

关键词： Cyber-physical faults energy storage systems resilience enhancement transmission systems

The function of doping nitrogen on removing fluoride with decomposing La-MOF-NH_2:Density functional theory calculation and experiments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 118-129页

作者： Hongguo Zhang KuilinWan Jia Yan Qian Li Yufang Guo Lei Huang Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani Jian Luo School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China guangzhou University-Linkoping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater,and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride.Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials,computational models were developed to understand the changes in work function resulting from nitrogen doping.La-N-C-800℃,was prepared by pyrolyzing La-MOF-NH_(2)to verify the influence on the performance of removing fluoride by electrosorption.Material and electrochemical performance tests were performed to characterize La-N-C-800℃.Adsorption kinetics,adsorption thermodynamics,initial concentrations,pH,and ions competition were investigated using La-N-C-800℃for fluoride removal.In addition,density functional theory was applied to evaluate the function of nitrogen.When nitrogen atoms were added,the density of states,partial density of states,populations,and different orbits of charge were calculated to discover deep changes.Nitrogen strengthened the carbon structure and La_(2)O_(3)structure to remove fluoride.In addition,nitrogen can also act as an adsorption site in the carbon structure.These results provide design ideas for improving the performance of adsorbent materials by doping elements.

关键词： Capacitive deionization Fluoride La-MOFs Doping nitrogen

Light-controlled soft bio-microrobot

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 531-543页

作者： Jianyun Xiong Xing Li Ziyi He Yang Shi Ting Pan Guoshuai Zhu Dengyun Lu Hongbao Xin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation Institute of NanophotonicsJinan University511443 GuangzhouChina

Micro/nanorobots hold exciting prospects for biomedical and even clinical applications due to their small size and high controllability.However,it is still a big challenge to maneuver micro/nanorobots into narrow spaces with high deformability and adaptability to perform complicated biomedical tasks.Here,we report a light-controlled soft bio-microrobots(called“Ebot”)based on Euglena gracilis that are capable of performing multiple tasks in narrow microenvironments including intestinal mucosa with high controllability,deformability and adaptability.The motion of the Ebot can be precisely navigated via light-controlled polygonal flagellum beating.Moreover,the Ebot shows highly controlled deformability with different light illumination duration,which allows it to pass through narrow and curved microchannels with high adaptability.With these features,Ebots are able to execute multiple tasks,such as targeted drug delivery,selective removal of diseased cells in intestinal mucosa,as well as photodynamic therapy.This light-controlled Ebot provides a new bio-microrobotic tool,with many new possibilities for biomedical task execution in narrow and complicated spaces where conventional tools are difficult to access due to the lack of deformability and bio-adaptability.

关键词： narrow illumination curved

FGF7 enhances the expression of ACE2 in human islet organoids aggravating SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2260-2274页

作者： Hao Meng Zhiying Liao Yanting Ji Dong Wang Yang Han Chaolin Huang Xujuan Hu Jingyi Chen Hengrui Zhang Zonghong Li Changliang Wang Hui Sun Jiaqi Sun Lihua Chen Jiaxiang Yin Jincun Zhao Tao Xu Huisheng Liu School of Biomedical Engineering Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511495 GuangdongChina guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510320 GuangdongChina State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Center for Translational Medicine Wuhan Jinyintan HospitalWuhan 430023 HubeiChina School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006 GuangdongChina

The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)is a primary cell surface viral binding receptor for SARS-CoV-2,so finding new regulatory molecules to modulate ACE2 expression levels is a promising strategy against COVID-19.In the current study,we utilized islet organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells(hESCs),animal models and COVID-19 patients to discover that fibroblast growth factor 7(FGF7)enhances ACE2 expression within the islets,facilitating SARS-CoV-2 infection and resulting in impaired insulin secretion.Using hESC-derived islet organoids,we demonstrated that FGF7 interacts with FGF receptor 2(FGFR2)and FGFR1 to upregulate ACE2 expression predominantly inβcells.This upregulation increases both insulin secretion and susceptibility ofβcells to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Inhibiting FGFR counteracts the FGF7-induced ACE2 upregulation,subsequently reducing viral infection and replication in the islets.Furthermore,retrospective clinical data revealed that diabetic patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms exhibited elevated serum FGF7 levels compared to those with mild symptoms.Finally,animal experiments indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection increased pancreatic FGF7 levels,resulting in a reduction of insulin concentrations in situ.Taken together,our research offers a potential regulatory strategy for ACE2 by controlling FGF7,thereby protecting islets from SARS-CoV-2 infection and preventing the progression of diabetes in the context of COVID-19.

关键词： ACE2 FGF7 islet

Hsp90βis critical for the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 113-122页

作者： Bo Wang Leike Zhang Fei Deng Zhihong Hu Manli Wang Jia Liu State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China The Third Affiliated Hospital of guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)caused by the SFTS virus(SFTSV)is an emerging disease in East Asia with a fatality rate of up to 30%.However,the viral-host interaction of SFTSV remains largely unknown.The heat-shock protein 90(Hsp90)family consists of highly conserved chaperones that fold and remodel proteins and has a broad impact on the infection of many viruses.Here,we showed that Hsp90 is an important host factor involved in SFTSV infection.Hsp90 inhibitors significantly reduced SFTSV replication,viral protein expression,and the formation of inclusion bodies consisting of nonstructural proteins(NSs).Among viral proteins,NSs appeared to be the most reduced when Hsp90 inhibitors were used,and further analysis showed that their translation was affected.Co-immunoprecipitation of NSs with four isomers of Hsp90 showed that Hsp90βspecifically interacted with them.Knockdown of Hsp90βexpression also inhibited replication of SFTSV.These results suggest that Hsp90βplays a critical role during SFTSV infection and could be a potential target for the development of drugs against SFTS.

关键词： Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV) Heat-shock protein 90 Hsp90β Host-virus interaction Nonstructural protein

Prevalence of bacteria, fungi, and virus coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant among patients with severe COVID-19 in guangzhou, China, winter 2022

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 92-97页

作者： Qinghong Fan Mengling Jiang Jun Zhang Guofang Tang Ming Gao Yingfen Wen Xizi Deng Jun Dai Honghao Lai Peng Qian Yaqing Lin Ruiying He Liya Li Yueping Li Zhengtu Li Xuesong Liu Yimin Li Na Yu Yun Lan Fengyu Hu Feng Li institute of Infectious Diseases Guangzhou Eighth People's HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510440China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affliated Hospital of GuangzhouMedicalUniversityGuangzhou510120China guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou 510700China

The status of coinfection during the national outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron BA.5.2 or BF.7 in China in the winter of 2022,which is suspected to contribute substan-tially to the overloaded severe cases,needs to be investigated.We analyzed the coinfection status of 385 severe patients infected with the Omicron variant in guangzhou using metagenomic sequencing.We found that 317(82.3%)patients were coinfected with at least one additional pathogen(s),including bacteria(58.7%),fungi(27.1%)and viruses(73.5%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(24.2%),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aur-eus)(14.0%),and Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia)(13.4%)ranked as the top three coinfected bacteria.Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)(39.5%),Pneumocystis jiroveci(P.jiroveci)(24.4%)and Canidia albicans(C.albicans)(22.1%)were the top three coinfected fungi.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)(63.1%),Human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)(34.8%),and Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1)(32.6%)were the top three coinfected viruses.Of note,the detection of multiple coinfections of potential pathogenic bacteria,fungi,and viruses,despite lacking con-sistent patterns,highlighted a complicated synergistic contribution to disease severity.Our study presents the most comprehensive spectrum of bacterial,fungal,and viral coinfections in Omicron-associated severe coron-avirus disease 2019(COVID-19),implying that the coinfection of conditional pathogens might synergistically deteriorate the Omicron infection outcomes.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 Omicron BF.7 Coinfection Severeinfection