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Synchronous colorectal cancer: Clinical, pathological and molecular implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6815-6820页

作者： Alfred King-Yin Lam Sally Sze-Yan Chan Melissa Leung Cancer Molecular Pathology Griffith Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold Coast QLD 4222QueenslandAustralia

Synchronous colorectal carcinoma refers to more than one primary colorectal carcinoma detected in a single patient at initial presentation. A literature review has shown that the prevalence of the disease is approximately 3.5% of all colorectal carcinomas. This disease has a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age at presentation of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer is in the early half of the seventh decade. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and serrated polyps/hyperplastic polyposis are known to have a higher risk of synchronous colorectal carcinoma. These predisposing factors account for slightly more than 10% of synchronous colorectal carcinomas. Synchronous colorectal carcinoma is more common in the right colon when compared to solitary colorectal cancer. On pathological examination, some synchronous colorectal carcinomas are mucinous adenocarcinomas. They are usually associated with adenomas and metachronous colorectal carcinomas. Most of the patients with synchronous colorectal cancer have two carcinomas but up to six have been reported in one patient. Patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma have a higher proportion of microsatellite instability cancer than patients with a solitary colorectal carcinoma. Also, limited data have revealed that in many synchronous colorectal carcinomas, carcinomas in the same patient have different patterns of microsatellite instability status, p53 mutation and K-ras mutation. Overall, the prognosis of patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma is not significantly different from that in patients with solitary colorectal carcinoma, although a marginally better prognosis has been reported in patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma in some series. A different management approach and long-term clinical follow-up are recommended for some patients with synchronous colorect

关键词： Synchronous carcinoma Colorectal carcinoma Prevalence Microsatellite instability Review

Improving cell transplantation by understanding and manipulating the phagocytic activity of peripheral glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 313-314页

作者： Lynn Nazareth James St John Jenny Ekberg Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

One of the key challenges in neuroscience is that the central nervous system(CNS;the brain and spinal cord), is largely unable to regene rate after injury. One factor contributing to this lack of repair is the accumulation of cellular and myelin debris at the site of injury. The debris is not efficiently phagocytosed and can persist for years after the initial injury, resulting in an inflammatory environment which inhibits axonal regrowth(Lutz and Barres, 2014).

关键词： debris contributing injury

Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1820-1826页

作者： Kate Beecher Louise M.Hafner Jenny Ekberg James A.St.John Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Institute of health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such as head trauma and skull base surgery damage the olfactory nerve which lead to olfactory dysfunction. Losing the sense of smell has considerable effects on quality of life and life-expectancy. Therefore, there is a clear need to find a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. One such potential treatment is growth factor therapy which showed promising results in the spinal cord and brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether combined delivery of two growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor treatment can improve the olfactory neurons regeneration in mice. The degeneration of the olfactory neurons was induced by unilateral bulbectomy. The treatment group received 1.5 μg of the combined growth factors intranasally, while the control injured group received saline. Growth factor treatment significantly increased the number of immature neurons at 5 and 7 days post injury and also the number of mature olfactory neurons at 10 and 14 days post bulbectomy. Regenerating axons extended over a larger volume in the operated cavity in the treatment group compared to control group at 14 days post bulbectomy. The growth factor treatment also significantly reduced astrocytic glia scar in the operated cavity. The results indicate that the combined delivery of the growth factors has the potential to improve olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： astrocytes olfactory bulb glial scar axon growth factors neuron

Reliable cell purification and determination of cell purity:crucial aspects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2016-2026页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah Lucy Belt Jenny A.K.Ekberg James A.St John griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells,the glia of the primary olfactory nervous system,has been trialed for spinal cord injury repair with promising but variable outcomes in animals and *** ensheathing cells can be harvested either from the lamina propria beneath the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity,or from the olfactory bulb in the *** these areas contain several other cell types,isolating and purifying olfactory ensheathing cells is a critical part of the *** is largely unknown how contaminating cells such as fibroblasts,other glial cell types and supporting cells affect olfactory ensheathing cell function post-transplantation;these cells may also cause unwanted *** is also,however,possible that the presence of some of the contaminant cells can improve ***,we reviewed the last decade of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation studies in rodents,with a focus on olfactory ensheathing cell *** analyzed how purification methods and resultant cell purity differed between olfactory mucosa-and olfactory bulb-derived cell *** analyzed how the studies reported on olfactory ensheathing cell purity and which criteria were used to define cells as olfactory ensheathing ***,we analyzed the correlation between cell purity and transplantation *** found that olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cell preparations are typically purer than mucosa-derived *** concluded that there is an association between high olfactory ensheathing cell purity and favourable outcomes,but the lack of olfactory ensheathing cell-specific markers severely hampers the field.

关键词： antibody astrocyte fibroblast glia glial cell injury nerve neuron trauma surgery

The link between olfactory ensheathing cell survival and spinal cord injury repair: a commentary on common limitations of contemporary research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1848-1849页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah James St.John Jenny Ekberg griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustraliaClem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell ResearchGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)are crucial players in the continuous regeneration of the olfactory nervous system that occurs through out life and are thought to have unique growth-promoting *** this reason,OEC transplantation has been thoroughly explored for the potential to promote neural repair after both central and peripheral nervous system *** studies have shown that OEC transplantation is safe and can promote recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI),both in animal models and in human clinical *** date,a variety of injury types and time-points after injury,as well as different delivery methods,have been *** have been encouraging(in rodent models including,for example,restoration of locomotion,breathing and climbing ability along with induction of axonal sprouting and some axonal regeneration)but highly variable(Barnett and Riddell,2007;Gomez et al.,2018).

关键词： injuries injury limitations

Factors that modulate olfactory dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1151-1155页

作者： Kate Beecher James A.St John Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Science Queensland University of Technology Institute of health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory system is one of a few areas in the nervous system which is capable of regeneration throughout the *** sensory neurons reside in the nasal cavity are continuously replenished with new neurons arising from stem *** factors such as aging,neurodegenerative diseases,head trauma,brain tumor extraction and infection cause olfactory dysfunction which significantly influences physical wellbeing,quality of life,mental health,nutritional status,memory processes,identifying danger and is associated with increased ***,finding a treatment to improve olfactory dysfunction is *** research efforts in the field have shown some very promising new approaches to treat olfactory *** review explores the current studies that have addressed therapeutic approaches to improve olfactory neuron regeneration based on cell transplantation therapy,modulation of physiological olfactory dysfunction and drug treatments.

关键词： olfactory neuron regeneration anosmia loss of smell degeneration bulbectomy ensheathing cells growth factor epithelium receptor

Comparison in executive function in Chinese preterm and full-term infants at eight months

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第2期12卷 164-173页

作者： Yao Feng Hong Zhou Yan Zhang Anthony Perkins Yan Wang Jing Sun Department of Child Adolescent and Women's Health School of Public Health Peking University Beoing 100191 China Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland QLD 4222 Australia School of Medicine Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland QLD 4222 Australia

Executive function （EF） is increasingly recognized as being responsible for adverse developmental outcomes in preterm-born infants. Several perinatal factors may lead to poor EF development in infancy, and the deficits in EF can be identified in infants as young as eight months. A prospective cohort study was designed to study the EF in Chinese preterm infants and examine the relationship between EF in preterm infants and maternal factors during perinatal period. A total of 88 preterm infants and 88 full-term infants were followed from birth to eight months （corrected age）. Cup Task and Planning Test was applied to assess the EF of infants, and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development （BSID-III） was used to evaluate cognitive （MDI） and motor abilities （PDI） of infants. In comparison with full-term infants, the preterm infants performed more poorly on all measures of EF including working memory, inhibition to prepotent responses, inhibition to distraction, and planning, and the differences remained after controlling the MDI and PDI. Anemia and selenium deficiency in mothers during pregnancy contributed to the differences in EF performance. However, maternal depression, hypertension, and diabetes during pregnancy were not related to the EF deficits in preterm infants. Future research should focus on the prevention of anemia and selenium deficiency during pregnancy and whether supplementing selenium in mothers during pregnancy can prevent further deterioration and the development of adverse outcomes of their offspring.

关键词： executive function (EF) preterm infant working memory inhibition to prepotent response inhibition to distraction planning

Mapping the quality of prenatal and postnatal care and demographic differences on child mortality in 26 low to middle-income countries

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第9期19卷 835-850页

作者： Kelly Lin Serena Chern Jing Sun School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith UniversityParkland DriveGold CoastQLD4215Australia Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Griffith UniversityGold Coast4222Australia Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia

Background Closing the gap between child mortality in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)and high-income countries is a priority set by the WHO in sustainable development goals(SDGs).We aimed to examine poor nutrition and prenatal and postnatal care that could increase the risk of child mortality in *** The Demographic and health Survey(DHS)was used to examine data from 26 countries to compare prenatal,postnatal,nutritional,and demographic factors across *** of child death was classified into death before one month of age,between 1 to 11 months,between one to two years,between three to five years,and overall death before five ***-square analyses identified differences in prenatal care,postnatal care,nutrition,and demographic factors between children who died and those who *** regression identified factors that increased child mortality *** The majority of deaths occurred before the ages of one month and one *** poorer quality of prenatal care,postnatal care,and nutrition were found in low-income and low-middle-income countries in the contemporary *** child mortality and poor quality of prenatal and postnatal care coincide with low *** in LMICs were exposed to less vitamin A-rich foods than children in higher-middle-income *** use of intestinal parasite drugs and the absence of postpartum maternal vitamin A supplementation significantly increased child mortality *** socio-demographic risk factors were associated with an increased mortality rate in children,including lack of education,maternal marital status,family wealth index,living rurally,and financial problems hindering access to *** Poor nutrition remains a vital factor across all LMICs,with numerous children being exposed to foods low in iron and vitamin ***,most deaths occur in neonates and infants,indicating an urgent need to address risk factors associated with early chil

关键词： Child mortality Low-and middle-income countries Postnatal care Prenatal care

Neuron-fibrous scaffold interfaces in the peripheral nervous system: a perspective on the structural requirements

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1893-1897页

作者： Sanaz Behtaj James A.St John Jenny A.K.Ekberg Maksym Rybachuk Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityQueenslandAustralia Menzies health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia griffith Institute for Drug Discovery NathanAustralia School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system are not able to effectively regenerate in cases of severe neural *** can result in debilitating consequences,including morbidity and lifelong impairments affecting the quality of the patient’s *** findings in neural tissue engineering have opened promising avenues to apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and functional *** scaffolds,known as neural scaffolds,are able to improve neural regeneration by playing two major roles,namely,by being a carrier for transplanted peripheral nervous system cells or biological cues and by providing structural support to direct growing nerve fibers towards the target ***,successful implementation of scaffold-based therapeutic approaches calls for an appropriate design of the neural scaffold structure that is capable of up-and down-regulation of neuron-scaffold interactions in the extracellular matrix *** review discusses the main challenges that need to be addressed to develop and apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds in clinical *** describes some promising solutions that,so far,have shown to promote neural cell adhesion and growth and a potential to repair peripheral nervous system injuries.

关键词： electrospun scaffold extracellular matrix nerve conduit neural tissue engineering physical lumen filler scaffold topography structural support surface interaction