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Inflammatory bowel disease and airway diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第34期22卷 7735-7741页

作者： Maria Vutcovici Paul Brassard Alain Bitton Division of Gastroenterology Mc Gill University Health CentreMontreal General Hospital Division of Clinical Epidemiology Mc Gill University Health Centre Department of Medicine Mc Gill University

Airway diseases are the most commonly described lung manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). However,the similarities in disease pathogenesis and the sharing of important environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility suggest that there is a complex interplay between IBD and airway diseases. Recent evidence of IBD occurrence among patients with airway diseases and the higher than estimated prevalence of subclinical airway injuries among IBD patients support the hypothesis of a two-way association. Future research efforts should be directed toward further exploration of this association,as airway diseases are highly prevalent conditions with a substantial public health impact.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Crohn’s disease

Regulation of neural stem cell fate decisions by mitochondrial dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1548-1549页

作者： Matthew Laaper Arezu Jahani-Asl Lady Davis institute for Medical Research Jewish General Hospital Integrated Program in Neuroscience Mc Gill University Department of Oncology Faculty of MedicineMc Gill University Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University

Stem cells possess the ability to divide symmetrically or asymmet- rically to allow for maintenance of the stem cell pool or become committed progenitors and differentiate into various cell lineages. The unique self-renewal capabilities and pluripotency of stem cells are integral to tissue regeneration and repair （Oh et al., 2014）. Mul- tiple mechanisms including intracellular programs and extrinsic cues are reported to regulate neural stem cell （NSC） fate （Bond et al., 2015）. A recent study, published in Cell Stern Cell, identified a novel mechanism whereby mitochondrial dynamics drive NSC fate （Khacho et al., 2016）.

关键词： ATP Regulation of neural stem cell fate decisions by mitochondrial dynamics

Subwavelength grating devices in silicon photonics

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Science Bulletin 2016年第11期61卷 879-888页

作者： Junjia Wang Ivan Glesk Lawrence R.Chen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mc Gill University Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde

Subwavelength grating(SWG) waveguides in silicon-on-insulator are emerging as an enabling technology for implementing compact, high-performance photonic integrated devices and circuits for signal processing and sensing applications. We provide an overview of our recent work on developing wavelength selective SWG waveguide filters based on Bragg gratings and ring resonators, as well as optical delay lines. These components increase the SWG waveguide component toolbox and can be used to realize more complex photonic integrated circuits with enhanced or new functionality.

关键词： Subwavelength gratings Siliconphotonics Integrated optics - Bragg gratings Ringresonators Optical delay lines

A call for international research on COVID-19-induced brain dysfunctions

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National Science Review 2021年第12期8卷 13-14页

作者： Pedro A.Valdes-Sosa Alan C.Evans Mitchell J.Valdes-Sosa Mu-ming Poo Global Brain Consortium University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China (UESTC) Cuban Neuroscience Center (CNEURO) Cuban Academy of Sciences Global Brain Consortium Royal Society of CanadaMc Gill Center for Integrative Neuroscience Mc Gill University Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic, still raging worldwide, imposes staggering human and economic costs. These will only increase as many convalescent patients suffer consequences for many *** the virus can target multiple organ s...

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Colitis-associated colon cancer:Is it in your genes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11688-11699页

作者： Lauren Van Der Kraak Philippe Gros Nicole Beauchemin Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre Mc Gill University Montréal Department of Biochemistry and Complex Trait Group Mc Gill University Montréal Departments of Biochemistry Medicine and Oncology and Goodman Cancer Research Centre Mc Gill University Montréal

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CA-CRC) is the cause of death in 10%-15% of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients. CA-CRC results from the accumulation of mutations in intestinal epithelial cells and progresses through a well-characterized inflammation to dysplasia to carcinoma sequence. Quantitative estimates of overall CA-CRC risks are highly variable ranging from 2% to 40% depending on IBD severity, duration and location, with IBD duration being the most significant risk factor associated with CA-CRC development. Recently, studies have identified IBD patients with similar patterns of colonic inflammation, but that differ with respect to CA-CRC development, suggesting a role for additional non-inflammatory risk factors in CA-CRC development. One suggestion is that select IBD patients carry polymorphisms in various low penetrance disease susceptibility genes, which predispose them to CA-CRC development, although these loci have proven difficult to identify in human genomewide association studies. Mouse models of CA-CRC have provided a viable alternative for the discovery, validation and study of individual genes in CA-CRC pathology. In this review, we summarize the current CA-CRC literature with a strong focus on genetic predisposition and highlight an emerging role for mouse models in the search for CA-CRC risk alleles.

关键词： Colitis-associated colorectal cancer Inflammatory

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阿斯匹林预防心血管疾病的剂量系统综述

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第5期26卷 292-298页

作者： Charles L. Campbell Susan Smyth gilles Montalescot Steven R. Steinhubl 李呈亿（译） gill he＇art institute University of Kentucky Lexington gill heart Instiute and Institut de Cardiologie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitie-Salpetriere Paris France

背景：为了长期预防心血管疾病，目前美国有5千万以上的成年人定期服用阿斯匹林，所用剂量通常为81mg／d或325mg／d。关于长期服用阿斯匹林的最佳剂量目前仍有争议。目的：复习阿斯匹林的作用机制，对论述阿斯匹林剂量、效果和安全性相... 详细信息

背景：为了长期预防心血管疾病，目前美国有5千万以上的成年人定期服用阿斯匹林，所用剂量通常为81mg／d或325mg／d。关于长期服用阿斯匹林的最佳剂量目前仍有争议。目的：复习阿斯匹林的作用机制，对论述阿斯匹林剂量、效果和安全性相互关系的临床文献进行系统回顾。证据获取：使用MEDLINE和EMBASE（至2007年2月）对相关英文文献进行系统回顾。所用检索词为：阿斯匹林或乙酰水杨酸和剂量。检索限于临床试验，通过审查相关原始资料报告和综述文章的参考文献进一步扩展检索范围。已发表的关于心血管患者使用不同剂量阿斯匹林的前瞻性研究亦纳入分析。证据综合：尽管药理学数据证实长期服用30mg／d阿斯匹林足以充分抑制血小板血栓烷生成，但是目前批准使用的剂量高达1300mg／d。在美国，最常采用的剂量为81mg／d（60％），其次为325mg／d（35％）。现有证据（主要来自二级预防观察研究）支持下述观点：阿斯匹林剂量大于75至80mg／d并不提高疗效，更大剂量反而增加出血事件发生率，后者主要与胃肠道毒性有关。结论：对于心血管疾病的预防，现有临床数据并不支持常规、长期使用大于75～81mg／d剂量阿斯匹林。较高剂量的阿斯匹林虽然常用，但是并不能更好地预防心血管事件，而且发生胃肠道出血的危险增加。

关键词：心血管疾病阿斯匹林最佳剂量预防观系统综述 MEDLINE 长期服用系统回顾

Strategic sill pillar design for reduced hanging wall overbreak in longhole mining

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第5期31卷 975-982页

作者： Tuo Chen Hani S.Mitri Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Mc Gill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 0E8Canada

Steeply dipping,vein and tabular orebodies are traditionally extracted with longitudinal retreat mining methods such as Eureka and Avoca in a bottom-up sequence with delayed *** increase productivity,sill pillars in the orebody are used to separate mining zones thus allowing production to take place simultaneously in two or more *** such mining methods are productive,they may be accompanied with high volumes of hanging wall overbreak causing significant unplanned ore *** this work,it is shown through a mine design case study of a narrow vein deposit that a sill pillar could also play a significant role in limiting hanging wall *** demonstrate the role of sill pillar,a novel numerical modelling scheme is proposed to account for progressive stope wall overbreak.A numerical modelling approach of element death and rebirth is developed to allow for the detected stope overbreak to be immediately removed and replaced with backfill material before upper-level stope *** is further shown that the average overbreak volume could be reduced by as much as 33%when the sill pillar is strategically placed in the lower half of a mine plan.

关键词： Underground mine design Longitudinal mining Sill pillar design Unplanned ore dilution Numerical modelling

Screening polypectomy rates below quality benchmarks:A prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16300-16305页

作者： Maida J Sewitch Mengzhu Jiang Mélanie Fon Sing Alan Barkun Lawrence Joseph Department of Medicine Mc-Gill UniversityMontréalQuébec H3G 1Y6Canada Division of Clinical Epidemiology Research Institute of the Mc Gill University Health CentreMontréalQuébec H3A 1A1Canada Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMc Gill UniversityMontréalQuébec H3A 1A2Canada

AIM: To estimate and compare sex-specific screening polypectomy rates to quality benchmarks of 40% in men and 30% in women.

关键词： Benchmarking Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Quality assurance Screening

Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy of the pancreatobiliary system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12696-12708页

作者： Majid A Almadi helmut Neumann Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine King Saud University Medical City King Saud University Division of Gastroenterology The Mc Gill University Health Center Montreal General Hospital Mc Gill University Department of Medicine I University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

AIM:To review applications of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in pancreatobiliary lesions and studies that assessed training and interpretation of images. METHODS: A computerized literature search was performed using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and the ISI Web of Knowledge from 1980 to October 2014. We also searched abstracts from major meetings that included the Digestive Disease Week, Canadian Digestive Disease Week and the United European Gastroenterology Week using a combination of controlled vocabulary and text words related to p CLE, confocal, endomicroscopy, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, and bile duct to identify reports of trials. In addition, recursive searches and crossreferencing was performed, and manual searches of articles identified after the initial search was also completed. We included fully published articles and those in abstract form. Given the relatively recent introduction of CLE we included randomized trials and cohort studies.R E S U LT S : In the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary strictures CLE with ERCP compared to ERCP alone can increase the detection of cancerous strictures with a sensitivity of(98% vs 45%) andhas a negative predictive value(97% vs 69%), but decreased the specificity(67% vs 100%) and the positive predictive value(71% vs 100%) when compared to index pathology. Modifications in the classification systems in indeterminate biliary strictures have increased the specificity of p CLE from 67% to 73%. In pancreatic cystic lesions there is a need to develop similar systems to interpret and characterize lesions based on CLE images obtained. The presence of superficial vascular network predicts serous cystadenomas accurately. Also training in acquiring and interpretation of images is feasible in those without any prior knowledge in CLE in a relatively simple manner and computer-aided diagnosis software is a promising innovation. CONCLUSION: The role of p CLE in the evaluation of pancreatobilia

关键词： Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy Confocal