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Impacts of Global Warming on Hydrological Cycles in the Asian Monsoon Region

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 960-973页

作者： Koji DAIRAKU Seita EMORI Toru NOZAWA Storm Flood and Landslide Research Department National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Climate Risk Assessment research Section Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Atmospheric Physics Section Atmospheric Environment Division National Institute for Environmental Studies

The hydrologic changes and the impact of these changes constitute a fundamental global-warmingrelated concern. Faced with threats to human life and natural ecosystems, such as droughts, floods, and soil erosion, water resource planners must increasingly make future risk assessments. Though hydrological predictions associated with the global climate change are already being performed, mainly through the use of GCMs, coarse spatial resolutions and uncertain physical processes limit the representation of terrestrial water/energy interactions and the variability in such systems as the Asian monsoon. Despite numerous studies, the regional responses of hydrologic changes resulting from climate change remains inconclusive. In this paper, an attempt at dynamical downsealing of future hydrologic projection under global climate change in Asia is addressed. The authors conducted present and future Asian regional climate simulations which were nested in the results of Atmospheric General Circulation Model （AGCM） experiments. The regional climate model could capture the general simulated features of the AGCM. Also, some regional phenomena such as orographic precipitation, which did not appear in the outcome of the AGCM simulation, were successfully produced. Under global warming, the increase of water vapor associated with the warmed air temperature was projected. It was projected to bring more abundant water vapor to the southern portions of India and the Bay of Bengal, and to enhance precipitation especially over the mountainous regions, the western part of India and the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. As a result of the changes in the synoptic flow patterns and precipitation under global warming, the increases of annual mean precipitation and surface runoff were projected in many regions of Asia. However, both the positive and negative changes of seasonal surface runoff were projected in some regions which will increase the flood risk and cause a mismatch between water

关键词： hydrologic change dynamical downscaling regional climate model Asian monsoon region

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Preferential oxidation of CO in excess H_2 over CeO_2/CuO catalyst:Effect of calcination temperature

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第5期21卷 513-518页

作者： Zhiming Gao Ming Zhou Hao Deng Yong Yue Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China School of Chemistry Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China research Department of environmental Technology CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental TechnologyBeijing 100083China

Different from the classical configuration CuO/CeO2 catalyst,the inverse configuration CeO2 /CuO catalyst （atomic ratio of Ce/Cu=10/100） was prepared by impregnation *** calcination temperatures were selected to investigate the interaction between CeO2 and CuO *** is found that as calcination temperature increased from 500 to 900 C,sintering of CeO2 particles on the support occurred together with the diffusion of a portion of Ce 4＋ ions into CuO crystals,forming solid *** of interface complex Ce-O-Cu was suggested by TPR *** catalyst calcined at 700 C gives the highest activity for preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 stream.

关键词： preferential oxidation carbon monoxide cerium oxide cupric oxide TPR

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PM_(2.5) in an industrial district of Zhengzhou,China:Chemical composition and source apportionment

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Particuology 2013年第1期11卷 99-109页

作者： Ningbo Geng Jia Wang Yifei Xu Wending Zhang Chun Chen Ruiqin Zhang research institute of environmental Science Department of ChemistryZhengzhou University Henan environmental Monitoring Center

Zhengzhou is a developing city in China, that is heavily polluted by high levels of particulate matter. In this study, fine particulate matter （PM2.5） was collected and analyzed for their chemical composition （soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC）） in an industrial district of Zhengzhou in 2010. The average concentrations of PM2.5 were 181, 122, 186 and 211 μg/m3 for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, with an annual average of 175 μg/m3, far exceeding the PM2.5 regulation of USA National Air Quality Standards （15 μg/m3）. The dominant components of PM2.5 in Zhengzhou were secondary ions （sulphate and nitrate） and carbon fractions. Soluble ions, total carbon and elements contributed 41%, 13% and 3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. Soil dust, secondary aerosol and coal combustion, each contributing about 26%, 24% and 23% of total PM2.5 mass, were the major sources of PM2.5, according to the result of positive matrix factorization analysis. A mixed source of biomass burning, oil combustion and incineration contributed 13% of PM2.5. Fine particulate matter arising from vehicles and industry contributed about 10% and 4% of PM2.5, respectively.

关键词： PM2.5 Component Seasonal variation PMF Source apportionment

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research Progress on the Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium-Lithium-Based Alloys: A Review

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第1期32卷 1-9页

作者： Bao-Jie Wang Ji-Yu Luan Dao-Kui Xu Jie Sun Chuan-Qiang Li En-Hou Han School of environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong University Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences environmental Corrosion Center Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

In this review paper, the research progress on corrosion behavior of hexagonal close-packed(HCP) singular phase, body cubic-centered(BCC) singular phase and(HCP + BCC) duplex-structured Mg–Li alloys has been summarized and reviewed, and the future trend about the studies on corrosion behavior of Mg–Li-based alloys and possible solving methods for the improvement in corrosion resistance are discussed also.

关键词： Magnesium–lithium alloys Crystallographic structure Corrosion behavior Corrosion product film Corrosion mechanism

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Seasonal exports of phosphorus from intensively fertilised nested grassland catchments

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1847-1857页

作者： Ciaran Lewis Rashad Rafique Nelius Foley Paul Leahy Gerard Morgan John Albertson Sandeep Kumar Gerard Kiely Department of Civil and environmental Engineering University College Cork Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma environmental research institute University College Cork Aquatic Services Unit Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Department of Civil and environmental Engineering Duke University Department of Plant Science South Dakota State University

We carried out a one year （2002） study of phosphorus （P） loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and September and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus （TP） export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible （by regulation） annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate （ratio of P export to P in land applications） was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months （October to February） indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months （March to September）, it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in w

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer slurry exports grassland land management water quality eutrophication

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Carbon assimilation characteristics of plants in oasis-desert ecotone and their response to CO_2 enrichment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 39-49页

作者： SU Peixi CHEN Huaishun AN Lizhe LIU Xinmin Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Six species of more than 20-year-old desert woody plants in the oasis-desert ecotone were selected for study. The results showed that: (1) in different growing seasons δ13C values of assimilating organ varied between -14‰ and -16‰ for Haloxylon ammodendron (HA),-14‰-15‰ for Calligonum mongolicum (CM) and-25‰- -28‰ for Caragana korshinskii(CK), Nitraria sphaerocarpa (NS) and Hedysarum scoparium (HS). (2) The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of HA and CM was significantly higher than those of the other species. With the decrease in Pn for the six species, their intercellular CO2 concentration increased, but stomatal limitation value decreased under the intensive light. At the same time, the photochemical efficiency of PS II dropped to different degrees. (3) The CO2 enrichment experiment demonstrated that, Pn of HA and CM increased to different extent under 450 umol/mol, but their Pn reduced or approximated to the current condition under 650 umol/mol. Under 450 umol/mol the efficiency for solar energy utilization of CK and HS significantly reduced and under 650 umol/mol their respiration rate exceeded photosynthesis rate. It can be concluded that HA and CM have some function of pathway for C4, but the other three species have the function for C3. The decline in their Pn is mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. HA, CM, CKand HS exhibited photoinhibition, which disappeared in a short time. This is a kind of positive readjustment to adapting to the desert environment. HA and CM can adapt to the high CO2 environment, but CK and HS cannot. With the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate warming, the latter two species in the oasis-desert ecotone may be gradually degraded or even disappear.

关键词： oasis-desert ecotone, carbon assimilation, stable carbon isotope ratio, photoinhibition, CO2 enrichment.

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Diapause development in early and late emerging phenotypes of Delia floralis

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 103-113页

作者： Tor J. Johansen Richard Meadow Arctic Agriculture and Land Use Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Tromsm plant Health and Plant Protection Division Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research As Norway

The turnip fly, Delia floralis Fall6n （Diptera： Anthomyiidae） is an important insect pest of brassica vegetable crops in the holarctic region. Different populations have strongly varying temperature requirements for fly emergence, a challenge for accurate prediction of activity. This study focused on diapause development in one early and one late emerging phenotype. The physiological state after various treatments was deduced from emergence data. Our results showed a slow diapause progression at chilling conditions for both populations and diapause ended about 7 months after pupae were formed for the early population. For the late population held at 4℃ diapause did not end, no matter how long the duration of chilling. These pupae required a period with elevated temperatures above 6~C to continue development. At constant non-chilling conditions （18℃） from the time pupae were formed both populations completed diapause most rapidly. These results indicate that chilling delayed, rather than accelerated development and was not a prerequisite for diapause development. For post-diapause, results indicated a linear relationship between rate of development and temperature within the range of 6-18℃and a theoretical base temperature for development of about 2℃ for both populations. In conclusion, D. floralis pupae are in diapause throughout a long winter period, and delayed emergence of the late population appears to be caused by prolonged diapause regulated by a developmental temperature threshold. The study has added information on the biology of turnip fly populations, a prerequisite for improved pest control.

关键词： brassica chilling emergence hibernation quiescence

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Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 249-258页

作者： Chuan Liang Xianliang Wang Xianjia Peng State Key Laboratory of environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of environmental Health and Related Product Safety Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The massive production and wide use of surfactants have resulted in a large amount of surfactant residuals being discharged into the environment,which could have an impact on arsenic *** the present study,the influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate（SDBS） and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether（Triton X-100） on arsenic behavior was investigated in batch and column *** presence of SDBS and Triton X-100 reduced arsenic retention onto ferrihydrite（FH）,enhanced arsenic transport through FH coated sand（FH-sand） columns and promoted arsenic release from the FH *** coexisting surfactants in solution,the equilibrium adsorbed amount of arsenic on FH decreased by up to 29.7% and the adsorption rate decreased by up to 52.3%.Pre-coating with surfactants caused a decrease in the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate of arsenic by up to 15.1% and 58.3%,*** of the adsorption attenuation caused by surfactants,breakthrough of As（Ⅴ） and As（Ⅲ） with SDBS in columns packed with FH-sand was 23.8% and 14.3%faster than that in those without SDBS,*** columns packed with SDBS-coated FH-sand,transport of arsenic was enhanced to a greater *** of As（Ⅴ） and As（Ⅲ） was 52.4% and 43.8% faster and the cumulative retention amount was 44.5% and 57.3% less than that in pure FH-sand column systems,*** of arsenic by surfactants increased with the increase of the initial adsorbed amount of *** cumulative release amount of As（Ⅴ） and As（Ⅲ） from the packed column reached 10.8% and 36.0%,respectively.

关键词： Surfactants Arsenic Retention Transport

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Carbon sequestration potential of the Habanero reservoir when carbon dioxide is used as the heat exchange fluid

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第1期8卷 50-59页

作者： Chaoshui Xu Peter Dowd Qi Li School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering & South Australia Centre for Geothermal Energy Research University of Adelaide State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The use of sequestered carbon dioxide(CO) as the heat exchange fluid in enhanced geothermal system(EGS) has significant potential to increase their productivity, contribute further to reducing carbon emissions and increase the economic viability of geothermal power generation. Coupled COsequestration and geothermal energy production from hot dry rock(HDR) EGS were first proposed 15 years ago but have yet to be practically implemented. This paper reviews some of the issues in assessing these systems with particular focus on the power generation and COsequestration capacity. The Habanero geothermal field in the Cooper Basin of South Australia is assessed for its potential COstorage capacity if supercritical COis used as the working fluid for heat extraction. The analysis suggests that the major COsequestration mechanisms are the storage in the fracture-stimulation damaged zone followed by diffusion into the pores within the rock matrix. The assessment indicates that 5% of working fluid loss commonly suggested as the storage capacity might be an over-estimate of the long-term COsequestration capacity of EGS in which supercritical COis used as the circulation fluid.

关键词： Carbon sequestration Carbon dioxide(CO_2) geological storage capacity Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) CO_2-EGS Habanero project

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Effects of Hg and Cu on the activities of soil acid phosphatase

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第7期8卷 1157-1163页

作者： XU Dong-mei CHEN Bo LIU Wen-li LIU Guang-shen LIU Wei-ping institute of environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China research Center of environmental Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 China

Comparative study on the activity and kinectic properties of acid phosphatase （ACPase） of three soils amended with Hg and Cu at constant temperature and humidity was carried out. The results indicated that the inhibition on ACPase of the three sample soils by Hg and Cu varied with the content of soil organic matter and pH, where, Soil 1 was the most seriously contaminated due to its lowest content of organic matter and the lowest pH among three samples, Soil 2 took the second place, and Soil 3 was the least contaminated. Except Soil 3, the activity of soil ACPase tended to increase along with the contact time under the same type and the same concentration of heavy metal. In particular the Vmax values of ACPase in all three samples decreased with increasing Hg and Cu concentration, whereas the Km values were affected weakly. According to the change of Vmax and Km values, Cu and Hg had the same inhibition effect on soil ACPase. Both of them may he a type of compound of non-competitive and anti-competitive inhibition. Statistic analyses indicated that activities of soil ACPase and Vmax values could serve as bioindicator to partially denote the heavy metal Hg and Cu contamination degree.

关键词： Acid phosphatase (ACPase). Activitv. Heavv metal. Kinetic propertv Sail

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