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Newcastle Disease in Chickens of Smallholder Farmers at Krang Yov Commune S’ang District,Kandal Province

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 68-75页

作者： Sokha Thim Chhay Kheang Lim Kroesna Kang Sath Keo Vutey Venn Kouch Theng Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia general directorate of animal health and production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The study was conducted in Krang Yov commune,S’ang district,Kandal province and was conducted in three villages,including Kampong Po,Andong and Svay Damnak *** the total,88 families were selected for interview by using snowball technic of nonprobability *** to the results of the interviews,it showed that the number of farmers who raised chickens and had participated in training was very low number,ranging from 10.71%to 34.38%.For chicken raising system,the free ranging was the most popular by allowing the chicken to scavenge around the village,however,the total confinement was also *** local breed was more popular and the purpose of raising was for selling meat,however there were few households that raised the fighting cock for *** number of chickens owned per household,was mostly less than 20 birds,while,the average number of birds per household ranged from 16.82 birds to 37.66 ***,the average number of birds per household was significant different between the households who have participated in chicken raising training and those who never participated(p<0.05),accounting for 47.52 birds and 19.85 birds,*** the chicken feed,most of the farmers in those three villages used the concentration feed to offer the chicken,especially for supplementation,but,the whole rice was also used to supplement *** vaccination for chicken was significant different among the villages(p<0.05),in which the household in Kampong Po village had highest percentage of vaccinating their chicken,40.63%,than those in Svay Damnak and Andong *** Newcastle vaccination was the more popular in those ***,all of the households have experienced with the disease,especially ND(Newcastle Disease)accounting for 67.05%,followed by influenza and fowl *** chicken got sick,most of farmers had treated their chicken with different methods,especially buying the medicine from the store and treatment by themselves were mostly applicabl

关键词： Raising system vaccination biosecurity ND

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Antibody Titer of Newcastle Disease in Vaccinated and Non-vaccinated Local Chicken of Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 80-85页

作者： Sokha Thim Solida Keo Kannan Dim Kroesna Kang Sath Keo Vutey Venn Kouch Theng Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia general directorate of animal health and production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at Veterinary Research Station of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Royal University of *** experimental period lasted 60 days,starting from October 1st to November 30th ***(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 2 treatments/groups,vaccination group and non-vaccination group“control”,and 6 *** vaccination groups received two times of vaccination by dropping into the ocular at 7 days and 21 ***,blood samples were collected 3 times to detect the antibody level of ND(Newcastle Disease)and contained 21 days old,35 days old and 49 days old *** ELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)was performed to detect the antibody of those 2 *** result of finding showed that the S/P(Sample to Positive)ratio of control at 21 days,was very low,even in 3rd quartile,which was below the ***,the vaccination group was relatively high,even in 1st quartile,which was higher than the *** 35 days,S/P ratio of control group was still very low,but a bit higher than at 21 ***,the vaccination group was still high,even in 1st quartile,and two-time higher than at 21 days,but an increasing number of samples developed less antibody than threshold,accounting for 12.22%.At 49 days,the control group was still very low,even in 3rd quartile,but a bit higher than at 21 days and 35 days,and was close to the *** vaccination group was still relatively high,even in 1st quartile but lower than three times comparing to 35 ***,in this age,the number of chickens that developed antibody seemed to be increased in the control group,vice versa for vaccination *** average S/P ratio was different significant(p<0.001),where vaccination had higher S/P ratio than *** was similar finding for log-titer,the vaccination had higher figure(p<0.001).The risk of infection of ND was higher in control group,but it will reduce by increasing the age of chicken,while vaccination group was

关键词： Antibody vaccination control ND S/P ratio

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A novel low-cost visual ear tag based identification system for precision beef cattle livestock farming

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 117-126页

作者： Andrea Pretto Gianpaolo Savio Flaviana Gottardo Francesca Uccheddu Gianmaria Concheri Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PaduaItaly Department of animal Medicine Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaItaly Department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaItaly

The precision livestock farming(PLF)has the objective to maximize each animal's performance while reducing the environmental impact and maintaining the quality and safety of meat *** the PLF techniques,the personalised management of each individual animal based on sensors systems,represents a viable *** is worth noting that the implementation of an effective PLF approach can be still expensive,especially for small and medium-sized farms;for this reason,to guarantee the sustainability of a customized livestock management system and encourage its use,plug and play and cost-effective systems are *** this context,we present a novel low-cost method for identifying beef cattle and recognizing their basic activities by a single surveillance *** leveraging the current state-of-the-art methods for real-time object detection,(i.e.,YOLOv3)cattle's face areas,we propose a novel mechanism able to detect the ear tag as well as the water ingestion state when the cattle is close to the *** cow IDs are read by an Optical Character Recognition(OCR)algorithm for which,an ad hoc error correction algorithm is here presented to avoid numbers misreading and correctly match the IDs to only actually present *** to the detection of the tag position,the OCR algorithm can be applied only to a specific region of interest reducing the computational cost and the time *** times for the areas are outputted as cattle activity recognition *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method,showing a mAP@0.50 of 89%.

关键词： Precision livestock farming Deep learning Cattlei dentification Low-cost sensors Computer vision

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou Department of animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and production animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death is involved in the formation of wooden breast in broilers

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1918-1931页

作者： Xinrui Zhang Tong Xing Lin Zhang Liang Zhao Feng Gao College of animal Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and ProcessingQuality and Safety ControlNanjing Agricultural UniversityNo.1 WeigangNanjingJiangsu 210095P.R.China

Background Wooden breast(WB)myopathy is a common myopathy found in commercial broiler chickens *** examination has revealed that WB myopathy is accompanied by damage to the pectoralis major(PM)***,the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of WB in broilers have not been fully *** study aimed to investigate the potential role of hypoxia-mediated programmed cell death(PCD)in the formation of WB *** Histological examination and biochemical analysis were performed on the PM muscle of the control(CON)and WB groups.A significantly increased thickness of the breast muscle in the top,middle,and bottom portions(P<0.01)was found along with pathological structure damage of myofibers in the WB *** number of capillaries per fiber in PM muscle,and the levels of p O_(2) and s O_(2) in the blood,were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the levels of p CO_(2) and TCO_(2) in the blood were significantly increased(P<0.05),suggesting hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of the WB *** further evaluated the PCD-related pathways including autophagy,apoptosis,and necroptosis to understand the consequence response to enhanced hypoxic conditions in the PM muscle of birds with *** ratio of LC3 II to LC3 I,and the autophagy-related factors HIF-1α,BNIP3,Beclin1,AMPKα,and ULK1 at the m RNA and protein levels,were all significantly upregulated(P<0.05),showing that autophagy occurred in the PM muscle of the WB *** apoptotic index,as well as the expressions of Bax,Cytc,caspase 9,and caspase 3,were significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the WB-affected PM muscle,indicating the occurrence of apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial ***,the expressions of necroptosis-related factors RIP1,RIP3,and MLKL,as well as NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,were all significantly enhanced(P<0.05)in the WB-affected PM *** T

关键词： Apoptosis Autophagy Broiler chicken Hypoxia Necroptosis Wooden breast

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Hi-Tag:a simple and efficient method for identifying protein-mediated long-range chromatin interactions with low cell numbers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1027-1034页

作者： Xiaolong Qi Lu Zhang Qiulin Zhao Peng Zhou Sai Xian Zhang Jingjin Li Zhuqing Zheng Yue Xiang Xueting Dai Zhe Jin Yaobang Jian Xinyun Li Liangliang Fu Shuhong Zhao Key Lab of Agricultural animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig production Wuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable ProductionWuhan 430070China

Protein-mediated chromatin interactions can be revealed by coupling proximity-based ligation with chromatin ***,these techniques require complex experimental procedures and millions of cells per experiment,which limits their widespread application in life science ***,we develop a novel method,Hi-Tag,that identifies high-resolution,long-range chromatin interactions through transposase tagmentation and chromatin proximity ligation(with a phosphorothioate-modified linker).Hi-Tag can be implemented using as few as 100,000 cells,involving simple experimental procedures that can be completed within 1.5 ***,Hi-Tag is capable of using its own data to identify the binding sites of specific proteins,based on which,it can acquire accurate interaction *** results suggest that Hi-Tag has great potential for advancing chromatin interaction studies,particularly in the context of limited cell availability.

关键词： Hi-Tag chromatin interactions transposase tagmentation chromatin proximity ligation low cell numbers

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Source and level of dietary iron influence semen quality by affecting inflammation, oxidative stress and iron utilization levels in boars

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2044-2058页

作者： Yinghui Wu Yamei Li Yueyue Miao Hongkui Wei Hefeng Luo Chunxiao Ren Yawei Zhang Juan Chen Tanghong Wei Jiyan Deng Jian Peng Department of animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig production Wuhan 400700China Frontiers Science Center for animal Breeding and Sustainable production Wuhan 430070China Dekon Food and Agriculture Group Chengdu 610000China Xingjia Bio-Engineering Co.Ltd Changsha 410011China

Background Boars fed a mixed form of inorganic and organic iron in excess of the NRC recommended levels still develop anemia,which suggested that the current level and form of iron supplementation in boar diets may be ***,56 healthy Topeka E line boars aged 15–21 months were randomly divided into 5 groups:basal diet supplemented with 96 mg/kg ferrous sulfate(FeSO_(4))and 54 mg/kg glycine chelated iron(Gly-Fe,control);80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe;80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg methionine hydroxyl analogue chelated iron(MHA-Fe,from CalimetFe)for 16 *** effects of dietary iron supplementation with different sources and levels on semen quality in boars were *** 1)Serum Fe and hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by reduced dietary iron levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups compared with the control group(P>0.05).2)Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and sperm malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and higher serum superoxide dismutase levels and lower MDA levels in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group(P<0.05).3)Boars in the 80 mg/kg or 115 mg/kg Gly-Fe and MHA-Fe groups had lower serum hepcidin(P<0.01),ferritin(P<0.05),and transferrin receptor(P<0.01)concentrations,and boars in the 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe group had higher seminal plasma Fe concentrations compared with the control group.4)Boars in the 80 mg/kg and 115 mg/kg MHA-Fe groups had lower abnormal sperm rate and in situ oscillating sperm ratio compared to the control group at weeks 12 and/or 16 of the ***,the effect of Gly-Fe on improving semen quality in boars was not evident.5)Serum IL-6 level was positively correlated with hepcidin concentration(P<0.05),which in turn was significantly positively correlated with abnormal sperm rate(P<0.05).Furthermore,significant correlations were also found between indicators of iron status and oxidative stress and semen quality ***

关键词： Adult boars Iron level Iron source Iron status Semen quality

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Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 376-386页

作者： Shimin Liu Yanyan Yang Hailing Luo Wenjie Pang Graeme B.Martin The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Institute of animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and animal Husbandry Sciences College of animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University Resonance health Burswood

In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat(SCF) and visceral fat(VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be grea

关键词： Fat depot Fat partition Intramuscular fat Feed efficiency Bovine Ovine

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Calmodulin-like 5 promotes PEDV replication by regulating late-endosome synthesis and innate immune response

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第3期39卷 501-512页

作者： Wen-Jun Tian Xiu-Zhong Zhang Jing Wang Jian-Feng Liu Fu-Huang Li Xiao-Jia Wang National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public health and Safety College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing general Station of animal Husbandry Service(South Section) Beijing102218China

The infection caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is associated with high mortality in piglets *** factors involved in the efficient replication of PEDV,however,remain largely *** recent proteomic study in the virus-host interaction network revealed a significant increase in the accumulation of CALML5(EF-hand protein calmodulin-like 5)following PEDV infection.A further study unveiled a biphasic increase of CALML5 in 2 and 12 h after viral *** trends were observed in the intestines of piglets in the early and late stages of the PEDV ***,CALML5 depletion reduced PEDV mRNA and protein levels,leading to a one-order-of-magnitude decrease in virus *** the early stage of PEDV infection,CALML5 affected the endosomal trafficking pathway by regulating the expression of endosomal sorting complex related cellular ***5 depletion also suppressed IFN-βand IL-6 production in the PEDV-infected cells,thereby indicating its involvement in negatively regulating the innate immune *** study reveals the biological function of CALML5 in the virology field and offers new insights into the PEDV-host cell interaction.

关键词： Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) EF-hand protein calmodulin-like 5(CALML5) Late endosomes Innate immune response

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Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 57-71页

作者： Zhenbin Zhang Yiquan Sun Xinhuang Zhong Jun Zhu Sihan Yang Yalan Gu Xiang Yu Yue Lu Zhiqi Lu Xuezhao Sun Mengzhi Wang Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and healthy production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation SciencesShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Shanghai Frontan animal health Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201502China AgResearch(Grasslands Research Centre) Palmerston North4410New Zealand

Dietary nutrient manipulation(*** fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism ***-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary *** control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter ***,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,*** results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(Pproduction at the *** significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(***,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N *** summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an

关键词： Soluble protein Low-protein diet Nitrogen metabolism Reactive nitrogen Fecal microbiota and metabolome Energy and nitrogen utilization efficiency

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