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Ecosystem service delivery in Karst landscapes： anthropogenic perturbation and recovery

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 416-420页

作者： Timothy Quine Dali Guo Sophie M.Green Chenglong Tu Iain Hartley Xinyu Zhang Jennifer Dungait Xuefa Wen Zhaoliang Song Hongyan Liu Heather Buss Timothy Barrows Richard Evershed Penny Johnes Jeroen Meersmans Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ UK institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550081 Guizhou Province People's Republic of China Rothamsted research - North Wyke Okehampton Devon EX20 2SB UK institute of the Surface-Earth System science research Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China College of Urban and environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China School of Earth sciences Wills Memorial Building Queens Road Clifton BS8 1RJ UK School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Clifton Bristol BS8 1TS UK School of Geographical sciences University of BristolUniversity Road Clifton Bristol BS8 1SS UK Cranfield Soil and Agrifood institute Cranfield UniversityCranfield Bedfordshire MK43 0AL UK

Covering extensive parts of China, Karst landscapes are exceptional because rapid and intensive land use change has caused severe ecosystem degradation within only the last 50 years. The twentieth century intensification in food production through agriculture has led to a rapid deterioration of soil quality, evidenced in reduced crop production and rapid loss of soil. In many areas, a tipping point appears to have been passed as basement rock is exposed and 'rocky desertification' dominates. Through the establishment of the "Soil processes and ecological services in the karst critical zone of SW China"(SPECTRA)Critical Zone Observatory(CZO) we will endevaour to understand the fundmental processes involved in soil production and erosion, and investigate the integrated geophysical-geochemical-ecological responses of the CZ to perturbations. The CZ spans a gradient from undisturbed natural vegetation through human perturbed *** seek to understand the importance of heterogeneity insurface and below-ground morphology and flow pathways in determining the spatial distribution of key stocks(soil,C, vegetation, etc.) and their control on ecosystem service delivery. We will assess the extent to which the highly heterogeneous critical zone resources can be restored to enable sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. This paper presents the CZO design and initial assessment of soil and soil organic carbon stocks and evidence for their stability based on caesium-137(^(137) Cs) data.

关键词：生态系统服务喀斯特景观人为扰动土壤有机碳储量土壤质量中国西南部传递土地利用变化

Marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean:status and future

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Advances in Polar science 2018年第4期29卷 262-268页

作者： LI Chaolun YANG Guang Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and environmental sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center of Deep Sea research Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and environmental science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean Mega-science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Marine protected areas(MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ecological importance and unique value for scientific research. In response to climate change and growing commercial fishing interests in the Southern Ocean and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR) is reacting to growing international pressure to establish a system of MPAs in the Southern Ocean to manage fisheries and conserve vital species—such as the keystone resource Antarctic krill and the dominant fish predator Antarctic toothfish—as well as to protect whole ecosystems. This review summarizes progress in the establishment of MPAs in the Southern Ocean by focusing on several major topics:(1) the current status of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(2) the purpose and objective of MPAs in the Southern Ocean;(3) a short description of the largest high-sea MPA(the Ross Sea MPA);(4) ecological observation and monitoring for the planned MPAs in the Southern Ocean; and(5) the importance of international cooperation in the design, establishment and future management of MPAs in the Southern Ocean.

关键词： Antarctic krill CCAMLR marine protected areas Southern Ocean

Ecology and Architecture: the design of the environment for Human Survival

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Ecology and Architecture: the Design of the Environment for ...

ecological environment Conservation and Restoration and Sustainable Development of Minqin Oasis

作者： Marat Nevlyutov Scientific research institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning Branch of the Central Scientific-research and Project institute of the Construction Ministry of Russia

ecological problems of civilization have not lost their relevance since the twentieth century. Methods of their solution are limited to a one-sided view of the situation, which does not allow changing it radically. Consideration of the system of knowledge in the context of the transformation and the transition to a new type of network society provides an opportunity to rethink the very way of human existence, which is directly reflected in the concept of a contemporary city. Modern society is moving towards a network-based, horizontal distribution of knowledge, which is both the cause of the actualization of the environmental problems of the city and the way to solve them.

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Journal of Landscape research 2016年第1期8卷 13-17页

作者： WANG Lide YAO Tuo XU Feng HAN Fugui GUO Chunxiu WANG Fangling Li Faming gansu Desert Control research institute Pratacultural College Gansu Agricultural University State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating gansu Hexi Corridor Forest Ecosystem National research Station School of Tourism and Urban Management Jiangxi University of Finance & Economics

Minqin oasis in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River is a main natural barrier for the Wuwei Basin. Due to the combined influence of human activities and natural factors in the past half a century, water quality in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River decreased and ecological environment deteriorated, which influenced sustainable development of this area and surrounding area seriously. This paper analyzed current situation and reasons of the deteriorated ecological environment in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River, and proposed that water environment regulation was the primary task in the eco-environment control of Minqin area, specifically,(a) By using existing policies, accelerating the construction of water-saving agriculture in the middle reaches of the Shiyang River, water quantity in the lower reaches would be guanranted, water shortage for agricultural production and ecological use in Minqin oasis would be relieved;(b) Unreasonable human activities such as overexploitation of underground water should be controlled strictly;(c) Water conservancy project should be developed vigorously to ensure rate of flow. It was expected that the above schemes would contribute to the benign circulation of ecological environment in Minqin oasis.

关键词： Minqin oasis ecological environment Sustainable development

Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

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Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 127-139页

作者： Chi Zhang Wenhui Kuang Jianguo Wu Jiyuan Liu Hanqin Tian Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and environmental Protection Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life sciences&School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA International Center for Climate and Global Change research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades,but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully *** on a comprehensive national land-use data set,our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land(RIL)quadrupled during 1990–2015,reaching 39338 km2 in 2015,comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental *** 91%of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land,thus exposed to industrial *** rural industrial land expansion,particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks,led to dramatically increased environmental risks,threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and ***,negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent *** underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental *** urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural *** study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning,which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词： Industrialization Land-use change environment risks environmental security Urbanization China

Construction Planning of Eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain,Wenzhou City of China

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Journal of Landscape research 2012年第9期4卷 27-31页

作者： LIU Peilei CHEN Shengqiong LIU Yixi Wenzhou Urban Planning & design institute Wenzhou Vocational College of science & Technology

Construction planning of eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain,Wenzhou City was taken for example to explore application of ecological theories and principles in the planning of cemetery,which improves the cemetery planning to the level of ecological *** arranged the construction of eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain in a unified layout through exploring approaches suitable for the present development stage to comply with actual conditions and facilitate the future management,and also prepare ideological guidance and material foundation for the construction of the cemetery.

关键词： Wenzhou Daluo Mountain Eco-cemetery

华北地下水超采区冬小麦退耕的生态补偿（英文）

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2016年第10期26卷 1463-1476页

作者：王学李秀彬辛良杰谈明洪李升发王仁靖 Key laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of sciences

The land fallow policy was adopted by central and local governments to encourage the abandonment of water-intensive crops, such as winter wheat, in groundwater over-exploited areas. At the same time, since the 1990 s, many households in the North China Plain(NCP) have chosen to replace the winter wheat and summer maize double-cropping system with the spring maize single-cropping system. Therefore, it is crucial to identify target land parcels for winter wheat abandonment and to design reasonable and proper standards for ecological compensation prior to the implementation of the land fallow policy in the NCP. In this study, multi-level logit models were used with household survey data in order to detect determinants across land parcel, household and village levels on household cropping system decisions; the opportunity costs for winter wheat abandonment were also calculated using cost–benefit analysis. The results show that:(1) land quality and irrigation condition at parcel level are two essential elements influencing household cropping system decisions. Nearly 70% of the total area of poor land and more than 90% of the total area of unirrigated land has suffered winter wheat abandonment. Target land parcels for the land fallow policy should be those that are irrigated and of high quality.(2) There were no significant differences between net profits from spring maize and summer maize under similar farming conditions, and the opportunity cost for winter wheat abandonment should be equal to the net profit of winter wheat.(3) The primary purpose of the land fallow policy is to induce groundwater recovery and restoration as a preliminary stage. A higher level of 350 yuan/mu is recommended as subsidy for ecological compensation at this stage. Later, the primary purpose of the policy should be a transition to a balance between exploitation and supplementation of water resources, and a lower level of 280 yuan/mu is recommended as a subsidy at this stage.

关键词：地下水超采生态补偿冬小麦华北平原平原地区土地质量种植制度成本效益分析

The research of three-dimensional numerical simulation of groundwater-flow: taking the Ejina Basin, Northwest China as example

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第3期1卷 238-248页

作者： Qi Feng 1,2, HaiYang Xi 1, Wei Liu 1,3, JianHua Si 1,2, ZongQiang Chang 1,2, YongHong Su 1,2 1. Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou, gansu 730000, China. 2. Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental research Station, Lanzhou, gansu 730000, China. 3. State Key Laboratory of Hydrosciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst 320 West Donggang Rd Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Alashan Desert Ecohydrol Expt Res Stn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Water is a primary controlling factor for economic development and ecological environmental protection in the inland river basins of arid western China. And it is groundwater, as the most important component of total water resources, that plays a dominant role in the development of western China. In recent years, the use-ratio of surface water has been raised, the groundwater recharge rate from surface water has been reduced, and groundwater has been exploited on a large scale. This has led to the decline of ground-water levels and the degradation of eco-environments in the Heihe watershed. Therefore, the study on the change in groundwater levels in recent years, as well as simulating and predicting groundwater levels in the future, have become very significant for im-proving the ecological environment of the Heihe River Basin, to coordinate the water contradiction among upper, middle and lower reaches of Heihe River Basin and to allocate the water resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the groundwa-ter-level variations of the Ejina region based on a large scale, to develop and evaluate a conceptual groundwater model in Ejina Basin, to establish the groundwater flow model using the experimental observation data and combining Modular Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) and GIS software, to simulate the regional hydrologic regime in re-cent 10 years and compare various water-delivery scenarios from midstream, and to determine which one would be the best plan for maintaining and recovering the groundwater levels and increasing the area of Ejina oasis. Finally this paper discusses the pos-sible vegetation changes of Ejina Basin in the future.

关键词： groundwater flow model Ejina Basin MODFLOW Heihe River

Important progress on the use of isotope techniques and methods in catchment hydrology

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research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第3期1卷 207-214页

作者： JinKui Wu 1,2, YongJian Ding 1, BaiSheng Ye 1, QiYue Yang 3, Zhi Wei 1 1. Key Laboratory of ecological Hydrology and Basin sciences in Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Re-search institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou, gansu 730000, China. 2. institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany. 3. College of Earth and environmental science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, gansu 730000, China. Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Key Lab Ecol Hydrol & Basin Sci Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China Justus Liebig Univ Giessen Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management D-35392 Giessen Germany Lanzhou Univ Coll Earth & Environm Sci Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

The use of isotope techniques and methods in catchment hydrology in the last 50 years has generated two major types of progress: (1) Assessment of the temporal variations of the major stocks and flows of water in catchments, from which the estimation of wa-ter residence times is introduced in this paper. (2) Assessment of catchment hydrologic processes, in which the interactions be-tween different waters, hydrographical separation, and bio-geochemical process are described by using isotopes tracers. Future progress on isotope techniques and methods in hydrology is toward the understanding of the hydrological process in large river basins. Much potential also waits realization in terms of how isotope information may be used to calibrate and test distributed rainfall-runoff models and regarding aid in the quantification of sustainable water resources management.

关键词： isotope hydrological process catchment progress