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Healthy and low-carbon communities: Design, optimization, and new technologies

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第9期16卷 1583-1585页

作者： Jianlin Liu Xing Zheng Yixing Chen College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityChina future cities Lab Global Singapore-ETH CentreSingapore College of Civil Engineering Hunan UniversityChina

As the world grapples with the challenges of global warming,the urban heat island(UHI)effect,urban air pollution,and the imperative to transition towards low-carbon economies,the role of communities in fostering sustainability and innovation becomes more critical than *** example,the frequent occurrences of air pollution and extreme weather conditions have seriously threatened residents’health and property *** global warming and urban heat island effect bring challenges to the climate resilience of *** has accelerated the growth of building stock and urban energy consumption.

关键词： pollution island warming

Energy Absorption Performance of Bionic Multi-cell Tubes Inspired by Shrimp chela

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2023年第5期36卷 754-762页

作者： Rui Liang Na Liu Xiang Liu Tao Wei Lirong Mo Huanchao Huang Christophe Bastien School of Automobile Engineering Guilin University of Aerospace TechnologyGuilin 541004China Fangsheng Axle(Liuzhou)Co.LTD Liuzhou 545036China Institute for future Transport and cities Coventry UniversityCoventry CV12TEUK

This research introduced the design,analysis and optimization of bionic shrimp chela multi-cell tubes(BSCMTs)in bending by embedding an arthropod's microstructure inside a thin-walled square structure.A three-point impact bending finite element model was,in the first instance,correlated with physical tests and then modified to assess the energy absorption performance of bionic multi-cell tubes considering initial peak force,specific energy absorption and mean crushing *** a complex proportional assessment(COPRAS)approach and optimization phases,results demonstrated that the BSCMT with a W-shape section had the best energy absorption characteristics and should be considered in future as a possible contender for vehicle B-pillar structures that are subjected to bending and require excellent energy absorption properties to protect the occupants in high-speed impact collisions.

关键词： Energy absorption Bionic Microstructure Shrimp chela Multi-cell tube

A visual analytics design for studying rhythm patterns from human daily movement data

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Visual Informatics 2017年第2期1卷 81-91页

作者： Wei Zeng Chi-Wing Fu Stefan Müller Arisona Simon Schubiger Remo Burkhard Kwan-Liu Ma future cities Laboratory ETH ZurichSwitzerland The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW Switzerland University of California-Davis United States

Human’s daily movements exhibit high regularity in a space-time context that typically forms circadian *** the rhythms for human daily movements is of high interest to a variety of parties from urban planners,transportation analysts,to business *** this paper,we present an interactive visual analytics design for understanding and utilizing data collected from tracking human’s *** resulting system identifies and visually presents frequent human movement rhythms to support interactive exploration and analysis of the data over space and *** studies using real-world human movement data,including massive urban public transportation data in Singapore and the MIT reality mining dataset,and interviews with transportation researches were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our system.

关键词： Movement rhythm Event sequence Visual analytics

Choosing heat sinks for cooling in tropical climates

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第3期2卷 292-300页

作者： Marcel Bruelisauer Forrest Meggers Hansjurg Leibundgut future cities Laboratory Singapore-ETH Centre Department of Architecture ETH ZLirich Switzerland School Of Design end Environment Notionul University of Sinsepore Singupore Chuir of Building Systems Institute of Technology in Architecture Department of ArchitectureETH Zurich Switzerlond

Efforts to limit CO2 emissions from buildings in the tropics either focus on reducing energy demand, i.e., air-conditioning, or on replacing fossil with renewable sources. The link between energy demand and supply is often overlooked, especially the effect of the temperature lift of air-conditioning systems on energy consumption. But while heat and humidity gains define energy demand, operating temperatures of the system define the necessary energy input. We aim to transfer our experience of usin~ the LowEx paradigm for heat pump systems in moderate climates to the tropical climate of Sinsapore. In this paper, we took a systematic overview of a range of heat sinks, to which we refer to as anergy sinks. We analysed their thermal properties and their effect on the performance of air-conditioning systems, expressed as COP. The predominantly used dry air-cooled condenser units performed worst, especially when subject to a stack effect in （semi-）confined spaces. The performance is highest for cooling towers using the wet bulb temperature followed by water body based anergy sinks and the soil. The wide spread of results confirms that the heat rejection temperature is a decisive factor for the performance of the overall cooting system and the input of primary energy.

关键词： Heat rejection Heat sink Energy efficiencyTropical climate Exergy Air-conditioning

The ‘Urban Elements'method for teaching parametric urban design to professionals

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 573-587页

作者： Aurel yon Richthofen Katja Knecht Yufan Miao Reinhard Konig ETH Zurich Future Cities Laboratory SingaporeSingapore-ETH CentreSingapore Bauhaus University Weimar Belvederer Allee 199423 WeimarGermany Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna TECHbase ViennaGiefinggasse 21210 ViennaAustria

The article proposes a method for teaching advanced urban design to working professionals in Singapore. The article aims to expand the discourse on parametric urban design education by introducing ‘Urban Elements’ as conceptual urban design instruments with an inherent rule-based logic, which can help to bridge gaps in teaching parametric urban design thinking. As case study we present a course developed for and delivered to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore in 2017 by the future cities Laboratory at the Singapore-ETH Centre. The article reports on the pedagogical method, course results and course feedback. The main difficulties of teaching professionals in parametric urban design are described and possible reasons and improvements are discussed. The results show that participants using the ‘Urban Elements’ method successfully linked theoretical input to urban design problems, applied evidence-based urban design strategies to these problems, and developed parametric definitions to explore the solution spaces of these urban design challenges. The teaching methodology presented opens up a new research field for urban design pedagogy at the intersection of explicating urban design intent, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and exploring new software driven tools.

关键词： Urban design education Parametric urban design Singapore Urban Elements

A Lookahead Read Cache： Improving Read Performance for Deduplication Backup Storage

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 26-40页

作者： Dongchul Park Ziqi Fan Young Jin Nam David H. C. Du Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 U.S.A.

Data deduplication （dedupe for short） is a special data compression technique. It has been widely adopted to save backup time as well as storage space, particularly in backup storage systems. Therefore, most dedupe research has primarily focused on improving dedupe write performance. However, backup storage dedupe read performance is also a crucial problem for storage recovery. This paper designs a new dedupe storage read cache for backup applications that improves read performance by exploiting a special characteristic： the read sequence is the same as the write sequence. Consequently, for better cache utilization, by looking ahead for future references within a moving window, it evicts victims from the cache having the smallest future access. Moreover~ to further improve read cache performance. it maintains a small log buffer to judiciously cache future access data chunks. Extensive experiments with real-world backup workloads demonstrate that the proposed read cache scheme improves read performance by up to 64.3%

关键词： deduplication dedupe read cache backup

Dynamic road crime risk prediction with urban open data

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第1期16卷 113-125页

作者： Binbin ZHOU Longbiao CHEN Fangxun ZHOU Shijian LI Sha ZHAO Gang PAN College of Computer Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart cities School of Information Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

Crime risk prediction is helpful for urban safety and citizens’life ***,existing crime studies focused on coarse-grained prediction,and usually failed to capture the dynamics of urban *** key challenge is data sparsity,since that 1)not all crimes have been recorded,and 2)crimes usually occur with low *** this paper,we propose an effective framework to predict fine-grained and dynamic crime risks in each road using heterogeneous urban ***,to address the issue of unreported crimes,we propose a cross-aggregation soft-impute(CASI)method to deal with possible unreported ***,we use a novel crime risk measurement to capture the crime dynamics from the perspective of influence propagation,taking into consideration of both time-varying and location-varying risk *** on the dynamically calculated crime risks,we design contextual features(i.e.,POI distributions,taxi mobility,demographic features)from various urban data sources,and propose a zero-inflated negative binomial regression(ZINBR)model to predict future crime risks in *** experiments using the real-world data from New York City show that our framework can accurately predict road crime risks,and outperform other baseline methods.

关键词： crime prediction road crime risk urban computing data sparsity zero-inflated negative binomial regression

Physio-chemical modeling of the NO_(x)-O_(3) photochemical cycle and the air pollutants’ reactive dispersion around an isolated building

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第9期16卷 1735-1758页

作者： Yunfei Fu Xisheng Lin Xing Zheng Liangzhu Wang Chun-Ho Liu Xuelin Zhang Cruz Y.Li K.T.Tse Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina future cities Lab Global Singapore-ETH CentreSingapore 138602 Department of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering at Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPok-fu-lam RoadHong KongChina Department of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiChina

A numerical physio-chemical model of the NO_(x)-O_(3) photochemical cycle in the near-wake region of an isolated residential/office building has been presented in this *** investigation delves into the dispersion of reactive air pollutants through the lens of fluid phenomenology and its impact on chemical reactivity,formation,transport,deposition,and *** fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations were conducted for the ground-point-source(GES)and roof-pointsource(RES)*** show that the Damköhler number(Da),which quantifies pollutants’physio-chemical timescales,displays a strong inverse proportionality with the magnitude and spread of NO–increasing Da reduces human exposure to the toxic NO and NO_(2) *** different wind directions were considered,the dispersion range of NO exhibited varying shrinking directions as Da ***,as Da increases,the concentration ratio KNO_(2)/KNO_(x),which quantifies the production of NO_(2) resulting from NO depletion,forms sharp high-low gradients near emission *** GES,the dispersion pattern is governed by the fluid’s phenomenological *** RES,the intoxicated area emanates from the building’s leading-edge,with the lack of shielding inhibiting pollutant interactions in the near-wake,resulting in scant physio-chemical *** NO_(2)/NO_(x) distribution follows a self-similar,stratified pattern,exhibiting consistent layering gradients and attributing to the natural deposition of the already-reacted pollutants rather than in-situ *** the end,building design guidelines have been proposed to reduce pedestrian and resident exposure to NO_(x)-O_(3).

关键词： reactive pollutant dispersion NO_(x)-O_(3)cycle air pollution isolated building physio-chemical modelling

Design and optimization of electrochemical cell potential for hydrogen gas production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第1期30卷 421-427,I0013页

作者： Nawar KAl-Shara Farooq Sher Sania ZIqbal Oliver Curnick George ZChen Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK School of Mechanical Aerospace and Automotive EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringEnvironmental and ComputingCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12JHUK Department of Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute for future Transport and cities Coventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaUniversity ParkNingbo 315100China

This study deals with the optimization of best working conditions in molten melt for the production of hydrogen(H2) *** research has been carried out on how electrochemical process occurs through steam splitting via molten hydroxide.54 combinations of cathode,anode,temperature and voltage have been investigated for the optimization of best working conditions with molten hydroxide for hydrogen gas *** these electrochemical investigations were carried out at 225 to 300℃ temperature and 1.5 to 2.5 V applied voltage *** current efficiency of 90.5,80.0 and 68.6% has been achieved using stainless steel anodic cell with nickel,stainless steel and platinum working cathode *** nickel cathode,an increase in the current directly affected the hydrogen gas flow rate at *** can be hypothesized from the noted results that increase in current is directly proportional to operating temperature and applied *** values were noted when the applied voltages increased from 1.5 to 2.5 V at 300℃,the flow rate of hydrogen gas increased from 1.5 to 11.3 cm^(3) min^(-1),1.0 to 13 cm^(3) min^(-1) in case of electrolysis@stainless steel and@graphite anode *** is observed that the current efficiency of stainless steel anodic cell was higher than the graphite anodic ***,steam splitting with the help of molten salts has shown an encouraging alternate to current methodology for H2 fuel production.

关键词： Sustainable energy Splitting steam Electrolysis Hydrogen gas production Electrochemical cell and Variable cathodes