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Development of a dimensionless parameter for characterization of dielectric barrier discharge devices with respect to geometrical features

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第9期19卷 56-65页

作者：林木森 Ahmad Zulazlan SHAH ZULKIFLI Kanesh Kumar JAYAPALAN Oihoong CHIN fuels and Combustion Generation UnitTNB Research Sdn.Bhd. Plasma Technology research center Physics DepartmentUniversiti Malaya

Non-thermal plasma（NTP） devices produce excited and radical species that have higher energy levels than their ground state and are utilized for various applications. There are various types of NTP devices, with dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） reactors being widely used. These DBD devices vary in geometrical configuration and operating parameters, making a comparison of their performance in terms of discharge power characteristics difficult. Therefore, this study proposes a dimensionless parameter that is related to the geometrical features, and is a function of the discharge power with respect to the frequency, voltage, and capacitance of a DBD. The dimensionless parameter, in the form of a ratio of the discharge energy per cycle to the gap capacitive energy, will be useful for engineers and designers to compare the energy characteristics of devices systematically, and could also be used for scaling up DBD *** the results in this experiment and from the literature, different DBD devices are categorized into three separate groups according to different levels of the energy ratio. The larger DBD devices have lower energy ratios due to their lower estimated surface discharge areas and capacitive reactance. Therefore, the devices can be categorized according to the energy ratio due to the effects of the geometrical features of the DBD devices, since it affects the surface discharge area and capacitance of the DBD. The DBD devices are also categorized into three separate groups using the Kriegseis factor, but the categorization is different from that of the energy ratio.

关键词： dimensionless dielectric separate capacitive capacitance excited utilized cycle systematically exponent

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Fungal contamination of stored automobile-fuels in a tropical environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1595-1601页

作者： Carlos E.Rodríguez-Rodríguez Evelyn Rodríguez Rigoberto Blanco Ivannia Cordero Daniel Segura research center in Tropical Diseases and Laboratory of research in Anaerobic Bacteriology Faculty of MicrobiologyUniversity of Costa Rica Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringAutonomous University of Barcelona research center in Electrochemistry and Chemical Energy University of Costa Rica

Because of the lack of reports, the base levels of microbial contamination on stored fuels are unknown in tropical regions and it is unclear whether these levels have some influence on fuel quality parameters. Therefore, fungal quality in automobile fuels stored across Costa Rican territory was evaluated during two years according to the standard ASTM D6974-04. For a total of 96 samples, counts and identification of molds and yeasts were performed on regular gas, premium gas and diesel taken from the bottom and superior part of the container tanks. The highest contamination was found on the bottom of the tanks, where an aqueous phase was usually identified, showing populations over the ones present in the hydrocarbon itself （up to 108 CFU/L）. Diesel was the most contaminated fuel （up to 107 CFO/L）; however, an alteration on the physicochemical parameters was not observed in any kind of fuel. Seventy-five mold strains were isolated, Penicillium sp. being the most common genus （45.8% of the samples）, and ten yeast strains, from the genera Candida sp. and Rhodotorula sp. Four of the yeasts were able to grow on diesel as the sole carbon source, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 25%. Increasing the frequency of tank cleaning, adding antimicrobial agents and monitoring microbial populations are recommended strategies to improve microbial quality of stored fuels.

关键词： fuel microbial contamination biodegradation molds yeasts

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2D materials for solar fuels via artificial photosynthesis

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 19-21页

作者： Jian Du Hao Yang Licheng Sun Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar fuels School of ScienceWestlake University Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices Dalian University of Technology

To create a globally carbon neutral society,sustainable energy systems to replace fossil fuels are needed *** in nature converts CO2and H2O into carbohydrates and O2and is driven by solar energy via photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ...

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Modeling analysis of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 82-92页

作者： Huashuai Wu Gang Wang Yong Yang Yongwang Li College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China National Energy research&Development center for Coal to Liquid fuels Synfuels China CompanyLimitedBeijing 101400China

The influences of particle size,shape,and catalyst distribution on the reactivity and hydrocarbon product selectivity of a cobalt-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated in the present work.A self-consistent kinetic model for Fischer-Tropsch reaction proposed here was found to correlate experimental data well and hence was used to describe the consumption rates of reactants and formation rates of hydrocarbon *** perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state was used to describe vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior associated with Fischer-Tropsch *** interaction between intraparticle diffusion and Fischer-Tropsch reaction was investigated in *** showed that in order to avoid the adverse influence of intraparticle diffusional limitations on catalyst reactivity and product selectivity,the use of small particles is *** eggshell spherical particles are shown to keep the original catalyst reactivity and enhance the selectivity of heavy hydrocarbon *** suitable layer thickness for a spherical particle with a diameter of 2 mm is nearly 0.15 *** the same outer diameter of 2 mm,the catalyst reactivity and heavy product selectivity of hollow cylindrical particles with a layer thickness of 0.25 mm are found to be larger than eggshell spherical *** the viewpoint of catalytic performance,hollow cylindrical particles are a better choice for industrial applications.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Kinetic modeling Vapor-liquid equilibria Numerical simulation Intraparticle diffusion Particle shapes

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Enhanced effect of plasma on catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with hydrogen over Au/CeO2 at low temperature

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第3期26卷 488-493页

作者： Xiaobing Zhu Jian-Hao Liu Xiao-Song Li Jing-Lin Liu Xin Qu Ai-Min Zhu Laboratory of Plasma Physical Chemistry Center for Hydrogen Energy and Liquid FuelsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina

In terms of the reaction of COreduction to CO with hydrogen, COconversion is very low at low temperature due to the limitation of thermodynamic equilibrium（TE）. To overcome this limitation, plasma catalytic reduction of COto CO in a catalyst-filled dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） reactor is studied. An enhanced effect of plasma on the reaction over Au/CeOcatalysts is observed. For both the conventionally catalytic（CC） and plasma catalytic（PC, Pin= 15 W） reactions under conditions of 400 °C, H/CO= 1,200 SCCM, GHSV = 12,000 mL·gcat·h, COconversions over Au/CeOreach 15.4% and 25.5% due to the presence of Au, respectively, however, those over CeOare extremely low and negligible. Moreover,COconversion over Au/CeOin the PC reaction exceeds 22.4% of the TE conversion. Surface intermediate species formed on the catalyst samples during the reactions are determined by in-situ temperatureprogrammed decomposition（TPD） technique. Interestingly, it disclosed that in the PC reaction, the formation of formate intermediate is enhanced by plasma, and the acceleration by plasma in the decomposition of formate species is much greater than that in the formation of formate species on Au/CeO. Enhancement factor is introduced to quantify the enhanced effect of plasma. Lower reactor temperature, higher gas hourly space velocity（GHSV）, and lower molar ratio of H/COwould be associated with larger enhancement factor.

关键词： CO2 reduction Plasma catalysis Enhanced effect

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Improving performance of Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)solar cell through constructing gradient energy level with deep-level hole transport material

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Rare Metals 2023年第9期42卷 3004-3012页

作者： Zi-Yang Xia Wei Zhang Cheng Chen Hao-Xin Wang Lin-Qin Wang Ya-Wei Miao Xing-Dong Ding Li-Cheng Sun Ming Cheng Institute for Energy research School of Energy and Power EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar fuels and Department of Chemistry School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou310024China

The valence band offset between Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)and hole transport layer(HTL)is approximately 1.00 e V,which results in high energy loss and is identified as one of the bottle necks of Cs_(2)Ag BiBr_(6)perovskite solar cell(PSC)for achieving high power conversion efficiency(PCE).To tackle this problem,we propose the optimization of the energy level alignment by designing and synthesizing novel deep-level hole transport materials(HTMs).The sole introduction of deep-level HTMs successfully reduces the valence band offset between Cs_(2)Ag Bi Br_(6)and HTL,but induces the increased valence band offset at HTL/Au interface,limiting the PCE *** further solve the problem and improve the PCE,the gradient energy level arrangement is constructed by combining the newly developed deep-level HTM 6,6’-(3-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-3-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)thiophene-2,5-diyl)bis(N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N,9-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-amine)(TF)with 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N’-dipmethoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD).Through optimization,an impressive PCE of 3.50%with remarkably high open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))and fill factor(FF)is achieved,qualifying it among the best pristine Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)PSCs.

关键词： All-inorganic Cs_(2)AgBiBr_(6)perovskite Stepped energy level structure Energy loss Moisture resistance

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A High-Efficiency Two-Stroke Engine Concept: The Boosted Uniflow Scavenged Direct-Injection Gasoline (BUSDIG) Engine with Air Hybrid Operation

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 535-547页

作者： Xinyan Wang Hua Zhao center for Advanced Powertrain and fuels Brunel University London Uxbridge UB8 3PH UK

A novel two-stroke boosted uniflow scavenged direct-injection gasoline (BUSDIG) engine has been proposed and designed in order to achieve aggressive engine downsizing and down-speeding for higher engine performance and efficiency. In this paper, the design and development of the BUSDIG engine are outlined discussed and the key findings are summarized to highlight the progress of the development of the proposed two-stroke BUSDIG engine. In order to maximize the scavenging performance and produce sufficient in-cylinder flow motions for the fuel/air mixing process in the two-stroke BUSDIG engine, the engine bore/stroke ratio, intake scavenge port angles, and intake plenum design were optimized by three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The effects of the opening profiles of the scavenge ports and exhaust valves on controlling the scavenging process were also investigated. In order to achieve optimal in-cylinder fuel stratification, the mixture-formation processes by different injection strategies were studied by using CFD simulations with a calibrated Reitz–Diwakar breakup model. Based on the optimal design of the BUSDIG engine, one-dimensional (1D) engine simulations were performed in Ricardo WAVE. The results showed that a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 47.2% can be achieved for the two-stroke BUSDIG engine with lean combustion and water injection. A peak brake toque of 379 N·m and a peak brake power density of 112 kW·L^-1 were achieved at 1600 and 4000 r·min^-1, respectively, in the BUSDIG engine with the stoichiometric condition.

关键词： Two-stroke engine Uniflow scavenging Engine design simulation Scavenging performance Thermal efficiency

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Experimental Investigation for NO_x Emission Reduction in Hydrogen Fueled Spark Ignition Engine Using Spark Timing Retardation, Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Water Injection Techniques

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第4期28卷 789-800页

作者： JEERAGAL Ramesh K.A.Subramanian Engines and Unconventional fuels Laboratory Centre for Energy Studies IIT Delhi

The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injection up to 1.95 kg/h(maximum water to fuel mass ratio of 8:1).The engine speed was kept constant of 3000 r/*** NOx emission and thermal efficiency of engine with gasoline and hydrogen fuel operation at 1.4 kW power output are 5 g/kWh and 12.1 g/kWh,and 15% and 20.9% *** order to reduce the NOx emission at source level,retarding spark timing,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),and water injection techniques were *** emission decreased with spark timing retardation,EGR,and water *** emission with hydrogen at 1.4 kW power output decreased from 12.1 g/kWh with maximum brake torque(MBT)spark timing(10℃A bTDC)to 8.1 g/kWh with retarded spark timing(4℃A bTDC)due to decrease in the in-cylinder peak pressure and *** Nox emission decreased to 6.1 g/kWh with 20% EGR due to thermal and chemical dilution ***,thermal efficiency decreased about 33% and 17% with spark timing retardation and 20EGR respectively as compared to that of MBT spark ***,in the case of water injection,the NOx emission decreased significantly without affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine and it is 5.6 g/kWh with water-hydrogen ratio of 4:1(water flow rate of 0.92 kg/h).Water injection is the best suitable method to reduce the NOx emission in a hydrogen fueled engine compared with the spark timing retardation and EGR technique.

关键词： hydrogen spark ignition engine spark timing exhaust gas recirculation NOx emission water injection

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Process integration of Calcium Looping with industrial plants formonetizing CO_(2) into value-added products

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第2期1卷 191-199页

作者： Pooja Tilak Mahmoud M.El-Halwagi Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Gas and fuels research center Texas A&M Engineering Experiment StationCollege StationTX 77843USA

A Calcium Looping Process(CLP)is an emerging approach for Carbon Capture and Utilization(CCU).It is essentially a CO_(2) capture process that utilizes calcium oxide(CaO)as a sorbent for the removal of CO_(2).A concentrated stream of CO_(2)(96%)that is suitable for storage and reuse is produced in this *** objective of this work is to use mass and energy integration to couple CLP with industrial facilities and power plants in order to enhance industrial symbiosis and reduce cost via the chemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added *** attention is given to plants that generate large amount of CO_(2) and/or provide excess heat that can be used in driving CLP.A case study is solved to assess the integration of CLP with candidate processes including power plants,cement production,gas-to-liquid(GTL)facility,and chemical plants for the production of ammonia,urea,polymer,methanol and acetic *** solution to the case study shows the merits integrating CLP with processing facilities.

关键词： integration value utilize

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铂基催化剂用于柴油烃氧化(英文)

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催化学报 2011年第5期32卷 777-781页

作者： Masaaki HANEDA Motoi SASAKI Hideaki HAMADA Masakuni OZAWA Ceramics research Laboratory Nagoya Institute of Technology research center for New fuels and Vehicle Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)

The catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons was *** activity of supported Pt catalysts(Pt/Al2O3,Pt/ZrO2,Pt/TiO2,and Pt/H-ZSM-5)depends on the metal oxide ***/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity when the catalysts were aged at 750°C for 50 h in *** activity of Pt/Al2O3 was dependent on the valence state of the Pt ***/Al2O3 with the Pt surface in the metallic state was more active than with the surface in the cationic *** surface density of acid and basic sites on the Al2O3 support controlled the valence state of the Pt surface and stability of the Pt particles in the highly dispersed state,respectively.

关键词： diesel oxidation catalyst platinum alumina valence state of platinum surface surface acid-base property

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