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Species diversity and population density affect genetic structure and gene dispersal in a subtropical understory shrub

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第3期5卷 270-278页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Stefan G.Michalski Markus Fischer Walter Durka UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4D-06120 HalleGermany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The dispersal of pollen and seeds is spatially restricted and may vary among plant populations because of varying biotic interactions,population histories or abiotic *** gene dispersal is spatially restricted,it will eventually result in the development of spatial genetic structure(SGS),which in turn can allow insights into gene dispersal ***,we assessed the effect of habitat characteristics like population density and community structure on small-scale SGS and estimate historical gene dispersal at different spatial *** In a set of 12 populations of the subtropical understory shrub Ardisia crenata,we assessed genetic variation at 7 microsatellite loci within and among *** investigated small-scale genetic structure with spatial genetic autocorrelation statistics and heterogeneity tests and estimated gene dispersal distances based on population differentiation and on within-population *** was related to habitat characteristics by multiple *** Findings The populations showed high genetic diversity(He=0.64)within populations and rather strong genetic differentiation(F#ST=0.208)among populations,following an isolation-by-distance pattern,which suggests that populations are in gene flow–drift *** SGS was present within populations(mean Sp=0.027).Population density and species diversity had a joint effect on SGS with low population density and high species diversity leading to stronger small-scale *** of historical gene dispersal from between-population differentiation and from within-population SGS resulted in similar values between 4.8 and 22.9 *** results indicate that local-ranged pollen dispersal and inefficient long-distance seed dispersal,both affected by population density and species diversity,contributed to the genetic population structure of the *** suggest that SGS in shrubs is more similar to that of herbs than to trees and that in communities with

关键词： Ardisia crenata BEF China gene flow habitat effects spatial genetic structure

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人参免疫调节作用的实验研究

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西南医科大学学报 1985年第1期 1-6页

作者：余汉杰 S.Cammisuli M.Baggiolini 泸州医学院附属医院传染病科及免疫实验室 from Sandoz Ltd. Basel switzerland. from theodor kocher institute bern switzerland.

本文报告人参免疫活性的实验研究结果。活体中,人参明显提高小鼠脾抗绵羊红细胞性溶血空斑形成反应和自然杀伤细胞活性。在体外,人参显著增加小鼠脾细胞干扰素的产生。人参在较低浓度时刺激淋巴细胞增殖反应,但在较高浓度时则起抑制作... 详细信息

本文报告人参免疫活性的实验研究结果。活体中,人参明显提高小鼠脾抗绵羊红细胞性溶血空斑形成反应和自然杀伤细胞活性。在体外,人参显著增加小鼠脾细胞干扰素的产生。人参在较低浓度时刺激淋巴细胞增殖反应,但在较高浓度时则起抑制作用。人参在较高浓度时还抑制同种异型淋巴细胞间的细胞毒性反应。文末,结合国内外文献简略讨论了这些结果的可能意义。

关键词：人参活体内补气药人参根免疫调节作用小鼠小家鼠脾淋巴细胞溶血空斑细胞毒性反应

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Genetic diversity and differentiation follow secondary succession in a multi-species study on woody plants from subtropical China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 213-221页

作者： Christoph Z.Hahn Stefan G.Michalski Markus Fischer Walter Durka Department of Community Ecology(BZF) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZTheodor-Lieser-Straße 4D-06120 HalleGermany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Pl.5E04103 LeipzigGermany

Aims Species diversity and genetic diversity may be affected in parallel by similar environmental ***,genetic diversity may also be affected independently by habitat *** aim at disentangling relationships between genetic diversity,species diversity and habitat characteristics of woody species in subtropical *** We studied 11 dominant tree and shrub species in 27 plots in Gutianshan,China,and assessed their genetic diversity(A_(r))and population differentiation(F′_(ST))with microsatellite *** tested if Ar and population specific F′_(ST) were correlated to local species diversity and plot ***-model inference and model averaging were used to determine the relative importance of each ***,we tested for isolation-by-distance(IBD)and isolation-by-elevation by regressing pairwise F′_(ST) against pairwise spatial and elevational *** Findings Genetic diversity was not related to species diversity for any of the study ***,our results do not support joint effects of habitat characteristics on these two levels of ***,genetic diversity in two understory shrubs,Rhododendron simsii and Vaccinium carlesii,was affected by plot age with decreasing genetic diversity in successionally older *** differentiation increased with plot age in *** and Lithocarpus *** shows that succession can reduce genetic diversity within,and increase genetic diversity between ***,we found four cases of IBD and two cases of *** former indicates inefficient pollen and seed dispersal by animals whereas the latter might be due to phenological *** patterns indicate that succession can affect genetic diversity without parallel effects on species diversity and that gene flow in a continuous subtropical forest can be restricted even at a local scale.

关键词： Allelic richness population differentiation habitat characteristics gene flow species-genetic diversity correlation SGDC

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Heritability of early growth traits and their plasticity in 14 woody species of Chinese subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 222-231页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Erik Welk Markus Fischer UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Str.4D-06120 HalleGermany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 01D-06108 HalleGermany

Aims Genetic variation in plant traits represents the raw material for future adaptive *** extent can be estimated as heritability based on the performance of experimental plants of known relatedness,such as maternal half-sib seed *** there is considerable heritability information for herbaceous plants and commercially important trees,little is known for woody species of natural subtropical ***,it is open whether heritability is higher for species with r-or K-strategies,for more common species with larger distribution ranges than for rarer ones,or for populations closer to the centres of distributional *** For 14 woody species in Chinese subtropical forest,we collected 13-38 maternal seed families,assessed seed size,grew replicates of each seed family in one more and one less benign nursery environment and measured stem diameter and plant height after 7 *** findings For the different species,plants grew 1.8-8.1 times taller in the more benign *** all 14 species,variation between seed families(and thus heritability)was significant(with very few exceptions at the P<0.001 level)for seed size and for stem diameter and plant height in both ***,significant seed family by nursery interactions for stem diameter and plant height for all species(P<0.001)indicated significant heritability for plasticity in these *** regression analysis suggests that heritabilities were higher for species with higher age at reproduction and higher wood density(traits indicating a K strategy)but also for species with higher specific leaf area(a trait rather indicating an r strategy).Furthermore,heritabilities were higher for species with larger range sizes,while there was no significant relationship between heritabilities and the distance of the study area to the range margins of our study *** conclusion,the detected large heritability estimates suggest considerable potential for the evolution

关键词： heritability plant performance phenotypic plasticity subtropical forest

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Bilinexin,a snake C-type lectin from Agkistrodon bilineatus venom agglutinates platelets via GPIb and α2β1

Bilinexin,a snake C-type lectin from Agkistrodon bilineatus ...

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中国毒理学会生物毒素毒理专业委员会第4次、中国生物化学与分子生物学会毒素专业组第5次学术研讨会

作者： Kenneth J.Clemetson theodor kocher institute University of Beme CH-3012 Beme switzerland.and Shanghai institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai200031 China.

A new snake protein,named bilinexin,has been purified from Agkistrodon bilineatusvenom by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration *** non-reducingconditions it has a mass of 110 kDa protein on *** reduction,it can be separated into fivesubunits with masses in the range of 13-25 *** N-terminal sequences of these subunits are verysimilar to those of convulxin or the alboaggregins,identifying bilinexin as a new member of the snakeC-type lectin family,unusual in having multiple *** collagen-induced aggregation ofplatelets,bilinexin agglutinates fixed platelets,washed platelets and platelet rich plasma（PRP）withoutobvious activation（shape change）,confirmed by light microscope *** inhibitory andbinding studies indicate that antibodies against αβ inhibit not only platelet agglutination induced bybilinexin,but also bilinexin binding to ***16d,a monoclonal anti-GPIbαantibody,completely inhibits platelet agglutination induced by bilinexin,and polyclonal antibody against GPIbαprevents its binding to ***,Neither convulxin,polyclonal anti-GPVI antibody norGPIIb/IIIa inhibitors affect its binding to and agglutination of *** neither activatesGPIIb/IIIa integrin on platelets and nor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins,norincreases intracellular Cain *** alboaggregin B,bilinexin agglutinates platelets,whichmakes it a good tool to investigate the differences in mechanism between snake C-type lectins causingplatelet agglutination and those that induce full activation.

关键词： bilinexin,agglutinating platelets,GPIb,α2β1

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Species-specific effects of genetic diversity and species diversity of experimental communities on early tree performance

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 252-258页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Markus Fischer Department of Community Ecology(BZF) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZTheodor-Lieser-Str.4Halle D-06120Germany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21Bern CH-3013Switzerland Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eLeipzig D-04103Germany

Aims Changing biodiversity can affect ecosystem ***,the role of genetic diversity within species,relative to the one of species diversity,has hardly been *** To address the effects of both genetic diversity and species diversity during the important stage of early tree life,we used eight seed families(SF)taken from each of 12 evergreen and deciduous tree species of subtropical forest to perform a factorial *** established 264 communities of 16 trees *** community had a species diversity of either one or four species and a genetic diversity of either one,two or four SF per *** measured plant survival,growth rate,final biomass and herbivory 20 months after *** Findings Species differed from each other in biomass,growth rate,herbivory and survival(Pfrom one to two,and from two to four,SF per species increased biomass for some species and decreased it for others(P<0.001).Our study showed pronounced species-specific responses of early tree performance to species diversity and less pronounced responses to genetic *** species-specific responses suggest feedbacks of species diversity and genetic diversity on future species composition.

关键词： biodiversity-ecosystem functioning tree biomass herbivory survival subtropical China allometry

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Opposing intraspecific *** diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 242-251页

作者： Christoph Z.Hahn Pascal A.Niklaus Helge Bruelheide Stefan G.Michalski Miaomiao Shi Xuefei Yang Xueqin Zeng Markus Fischer Walter Durka Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4D-06120 HalleGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany South China Botanical Garden 723 Xingke RoadGuangzhou 510650China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650204China Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland

Aims Positive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a *** date,research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem ***,substantial intraspecific trait variation is common and a significant part of this variation caused by genetic differences among ***,we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family(SF)diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree *** In 2010,we set up a field experiment in subtropical China,using four species from the local species *** were raised from seeds,with seeds from the same mother tree forming an *** established 23 plots containing one or four species(species diversity treatment)and one or four SFs per species(SF diversity treatment).Tree growth(stem diameter,plant height and crown expansion)and herbivory(percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers)were monitored annually from 2011 to *** findings Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on *** contrast,SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species *** of the observed effects were time dependent,with the largest effect found in *** results suggest that biodiversity can affect plant performance directly via tree species-species interactions,or context dependent,via potential effects on inter-trophic *** important conclusions should be drawn from our ***,in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationships,intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well ***,we demonstrate opposite effects of biodiversity among and within species,stressing the importance to consider the effects of multiple levels of biodiversity simul

关键词： BEF-China species diversity genetic diversity growth herbivory

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眼镜蛇蛇毒中L-氨基酸氧化酶对血小板的激活和结合作用研究

眼镜蛇蛇毒中L-氨基酸氧化酶对血小板的激活和结合作用研究

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第八届中国生物毒素学术研讨会

作者：李瑞朱绍文吴健波王婉瑜吕秋敏 Kenneth J.CLEMETSON 中国科学院昆明动物研究所 theodor kocher institute University of Berne

从云南产眼镜蛇中分离纯化得到一个L-氨基酸氧化酶,命名为NA-LAAO。测定了NA-LAAO的N末端序列、酶活性、对血小板的激活及其与血小板膜蛋白的结合。结果表明:NA-LAAO的N-末端序列和其它蛇毒来源的氨基酸氧化酶有很高的同源性。NA-LAAO...

从云南产眼镜蛇中分离纯化得到一个L-氨基酸氧化酶,命名为NA-LAAO。测定了NA-LAAO的N末端序列、酶活性、对血小板的激活及其与血小板膜蛋白的结合。结果表明:NA-LAAO的N-末端序列和其它蛇毒来源的氨基酸氧化酶有很高的同源性。NA-LAAO直接诱导洗涤血小板的聚集,但不作用于富集血小板。过氧化氢对血小板没有激活作用,但它可以提高低浓度的NA-LAAO对血小板的激活作用。NA-LAAO激活血小板时,诱导许多血小板蛋白的酪氨酸磷酸化,包括Src,Syk and PLCy2。与convulxin不同,NA-LAAO并不激活Fcγ和LAT。说明NA-LAAO对血小板的激活机制并不是通过GPVI途径。NA-LAAO诱导的血小板的聚集和血小板蛋白磷酸化受过氧化氢酶的抑制。用流式细胞仪检测发现NA-LAAO可结合于固定的血小板,同时也可结合于血小板裂解液。此外,用NA-LAAO-Sepharose 4B亲和柱可从血小板中分离到几个血小板膜蛋白。这些结果说明,NA-LAAO与血小板膜蛋白的结合在血小板激活中可能起到一定作用。

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On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 111-127页

作者： Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot Alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt Department of Geosciences Soil Science and GeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.121335 LüneburgGermany Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 479085 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 HalleGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Faculty of Biology Department of GeobotanyUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 179104 FreiburgGermany institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.71 East Beijing RoadNanjingChina TU Dresden Biodiversity and Nature ConservationPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of LeipzigJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany

Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE *** Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 *** samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility *** plots were classified into geomorphological *** of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth *** Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the *** explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in ***,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent *** results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by ***-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil ***,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to *** geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm *** soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor ***,soil acidity and a hig

关键词： soil fertility topography soil erosion matter transport biodiversity DSM carbon stocks tree forest BEF-China China

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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-Lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot Markus Fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem *** many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem ***,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem *** on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem *** use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory ***:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(*** both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(*** temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in *** single forest type provided all ecosystem services *** ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(*** or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(*** availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(*** nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental ***,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree ***:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem *** importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand lev

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services Forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies Forest productivity

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