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Different Conceptions and a General Concept of Human Rights

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第3期8卷 369-385页

作者： Georg Lohmann friedbergstr. 38 14057 Berlin Germany

In this study, I show that human fights are historical projects. They are legal inventions and institutional structures and respond to historical injustices and serious atrocities suffered by people, or which threaten them. It is useful therefore to first distinguish, both historically and systematically, different conceptions of human fights from a concept of human fights. I will distinguish three conceptions： national, international and transnational. Included in national conceptions are the human fights declarations of North America （1776） and France （1789）. The starting event of the international conception is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations after the Second World War in 1948. And it can be argued that a transnational conception of human fights that better fits the globalised world and the already global developments in intemational law and governance is needed.

关键词： Human rights International law Cultural relativism and universality Transnational human fights conception Moral justification and legal institutionalisation of human fights

Toward a Better Understanding of Human Rights

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第3期8卷 365-367页

作者： Georg Lohmann friedbergstr. 38 14057 Berlin Germany

In all countries of the world, human rights are formally recognized in one way or another, either as in the People＇s Republic of China by a separate article in the Constitution, or in Germany as fundamental rights of the Constitution and/or by ratification of international treaties. At the same time, human rights are controver- sial in their general understanding and in many specific questions. They are often disregarded or abused as an instrument of power politics. And the institutions of control, enforcement and the legal protection could be improved in many ways. On the one hand, you can speak of a success story of human rights since the World War II, and on the other hand, specific design, effective protection and enforcement are only realized in approaches, so some speak of an impending failure of the project of human rights. There are many reasons for this ambivalent assessment. An important reason seems to be that even the ideas about what human rights are, are unclear and controversial. Many see the human rights unhistorical, as if they were eternal ideas, and adversely affect human rights with too high expectations. Others see in them only moral rights, or reduce them to mere political instruments. Finally, some doubt whether the human rights because they are historically developed in Western cultures, can be truly universal rights. Therefore, a conceptual and argumentative clarification should be attempted from a philosophical perspec- tive. This will be the aim of the following three papers. The first two papers date back to lectures on human rights, Georg Lohmann hold at Fudan University in April 2014. The third paper was annexed by courtesy of Regina Kreide, who is an important scholar on the subject of human rights in Germany, but also internationally.

关键词：人权第二次世界大战后地理基本权利国际条约法律保护 SIAL 西方文化

Pneumatically Actuated Soft Robotic Arm for Adaptable Grasping

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第5期31卷 608-622页

作者： Zhe Chen Xueya Liang Tonghao Wu Tenghao Yin Yuhai Xiang Shaoxing Qu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China

Developing robotic manipulators capable of performing effective physical interac- tion tasks is a challenging topic. In this study, we design a soft robotic arm （SRA） with multiple degrees of freedom inspired by the flexible structures and the unique motion mechanism of the octopus arm. The SRA is fabricated with elastomeric materials, which consists of four series of integrated pneumatic chambers that play similar roles as the muscles in the octopus arm can achieve large bending in various directions with variable stiffness. This SRA displays specified movements via controlling pressure and selecting channels. Moreover, utilizing parallel control, the SRA demonstrates complicated three-dimensional motions. The force response and motion of the SRA are determined both experimentally and computationally. The applications of the present SRA include tightly coiling around the objects because of its large bending deformation （nearly 360°）, grasping multiple objects, and adjusting the grabbing mode in accordance with the shape of objects.

关键词： Soft robotic arm Elastomeric materials Soft manipulation Variable stiffness actuation

The Late Stage of T Cell Development within Mouse Thymus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2004年第1期1卷 3-11页

作者： WeifengChen DepartmentofImmunology.SchoolofBasicMedicalSciences.PekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter.38XueYuanRoad.Beijing100083.China

After positive selection and lineage commitment,the TCRαβ^+CD4/CD8 SP medullary thymocytes migrate into and reside in thymic medulla,where they undergo an ordered program of late stage of T cell functional maturation and negative selection to delete self-reactive clones by *** of this final differentiation pathway,a physiological T cell repertoire is formed:T cells acquire immunocompetence to respond to foreign antigens and tolerance to self-antigens,ready for the emigration to homing to the T cell regions of peripheral lymphoid organs and *** this review,emphases are put on introducing the approaches applied in this area and our own ***,we have analyzed the late stage of medullary thymocyte phenotypic differentiation pathways of both CD4 SP and CD8 SP medullary thymocytes and the concomitant functional maturation pathway,in particular,of CD4 SP *** is to provide a standard to compare the functional capacity of the cells at the developmental stages induced by different *** cellular and molecular basis of this differentiation process has been partially *** & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(1):3-11.

关键词： immunocompetence phenothpic differentiation post-selection maturation thymocyte development

Equivalence of coefficients extraction of one-loop master integrals

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第11期72卷 48-56页

作者： Yang An Zi-ang Hu Zhongjie Huang Yi Li Xiang Lv Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadHangzhouChina Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadHangzhouChina

Now,there have been many different methods to calculate one-loop *** of them are the unitarity cut method and the generalized unitarity cut *** this short paper,we present an explicit connection between these two meth... 详细信息

关键词： scattering amplitude one loop correction

A Theory of the Risk for Empirical CVaR with Application to Portfolio Selection

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第5期34卷 1879-1894页

作者： ARICI Giorgio CAMPI Marco C. CARE Algo DALAI Marco RAMPONI Federico A. Department of Information Engineering University of Bresciavia Branze 3825123 BresciaItaly.

When decisions are based on empirical observations,a trade-off arises between flexibility of the decision and ability to generalize to new *** this paper,we focus on decisions that are obtained by the empirical minimization of the Conditional Value-at-Risk(CVa R)and argue that in CVa R the trade-off between flexibility and generalization can be understood on the ground of theoretical results under very general assumptions on the system that generates the *** results have implications on topics related to order and structure selection in various applications where the CVa R risk-measure is used.A study on a portfolio optimization problem with real data demonstrates our results.

关键词： Distribution-free results empirical CVa R generalization order selection risk scenario approach

A Robust Face Recognition Method Combining LBP with Multi-mirror Symmetry for Images with Various Face Interferences

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第5期16卷 671-682页

作者： Shui-Guang Tong Yuan-Yuan Huang Zhe-Ming Tong State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityNo.38Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027China School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityNo.38Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027China

Face recognition(FR) is a practical application of pattern recognition(PR) and remains a compelling topic in the study of computer vision. However, in real-world FR systems, interferences in images, including illumination condition, occlusion, facial expression and pose variation, make the recognition task challenging. This study explored the impact of those interferences on FR performance and attempted to alleviate it by taking face symmetry into account. A novel and robust FR method was proposed by combining multi-mirror symmetry with local binary pattern(LBP), namely multi-mirror local binary pattern(MMLBP). To enhance FR performance with various interferences, the MMLBP can 1) adaptively compensate lighting under heterogeneous lighting conditions, and 2) generate extracted image features that are much closer to those under well-controlled conditions(i.e., frontal facial images without expression). Therefore, in contrast with the later variations of LBP, the symmetrical singular value decomposition representation(SSVDR) algorithm utilizing the facial symmetry and a state-of-art non-LBP method, the MMLBP method is shown to successfully handle various image interferences that are common in FR applications without preprocessing operation and a large number of training images. The proposed method was validated with four public data sets. According to our analysis, the MMLBP method was demonstrated to achieve robust performance regardless of image interferences.

关键词： Face recognition(FR) local binary pattern(LBP) facial symmetry image interferences multi-mirror average

Gas fiber lasers may represent a breakthrough in creating powerful radiation sources in the mid-IR

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第2期11卷 153-155页

作者： Andrey Pryamikov Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 38 Vavilov streetMoscowRussia

Continuous wave fiber laser created on the basis of silica glass negative curvature hollow core fiber filled with HBr make it possible to obtain efficient narrow linewidth mid-IR emission with a maximum laser power of about 500mW at wavelength of 4200 *** is for the first time that emission from a continuous wave fiber laser have been achieved at a wavelength of 4496 nm with the largest tuning range of 686 nm.

关键词： fiber tuning breakthrough

Electromechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced dielectric elastomer membrane

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第2期6卷 124-134页

作者： Chi Li Yuhan Xie Guorui Li Xuxu Yang Yongbin Jin Tiefeng Li Institute of Applied Mechanics Zhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027China

Based on its large deformation,light weight,and high energy density,dielectric elastomer(DE)has been used as driven muscle in many *** design the fiberreinforced DE membrane by adding fibers in the *** deformation and driven force direction of the membrane can be tuned by changing the fiber *** actuation in the perpendicular direction of the DE membrane with long fibers first increases and then decreases by the increasing of the fiber spacing in the perpendicular *** horizontal actuation of the membrane decreases by decreasing the spacing of short *** the membrane-inflating structure,the radially arranged fibers will break the axisymmetric behavior of the *** top area of the inflated balloon without fiber will buckle up when the voltage reaches a certain *** element simulations based on nonlinear field theory are conducted to investigate the effects of fiber arrangement and verify the experimental *** work can guide the design of fiber-reinforced DE.

关键词： Dielectric elastomer fiber reinforced electromechanical