Individual Human Rights and Obligations Towards Communities

作     者：Georg Lohmann 

作者机构：Friedbergstr.3814057 BerlinGermany 

出 版 物：《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 (复旦人文社会科学论丛（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2015年第8卷第3期

页      面：387-399页

学科分类：0501[文学-中国语言文学] 0303[法学-社会学] 0502[文学-外国语言文学] 0301[法学-法学] 03[法学] 1301[艺术学-艺术学理论] 0101[哲学-哲学] 08[工学] 0837[工学-安全科学与工程] 030103[法学-宪法学与行政法学] 0838[工学-公安技术] 0306[法学-公安学] 

主　　题：Individualism of human rights Collective rights Third generation of human rights Communitarianism Cultural relativism and universality Protectionof minorities Social human rights A sober conception of human rights Limits and strength of human rights 

摘      要：Tensions and oppositions between the individual and community have accompanied the discourse on human rights from the beginning. I want to first recall how in the UDHR (1948) and in the major human rights treaties, the rights and obligations of individuals are regulated towards communities. I then want to investigate whether the talk of “collective human rights, understood as “third-generation rights, are of equal value to be set with individual human rights. Against communitarian arguments for the primacy of community-related duties one can stress an expansion of a liberal concept of human rights by the inclusion of justice demands and social human rights. To show that special community needs can be protected and promoted through individual human rights and national collective rights, I used the example of the protection of minorities. Finally, I will explain why human rights are not a comprehensive theory of the good and illustrate with this the limits, and also the original strength of human rights. We should not overestimate human rights, but also we should be aware that a sober understanding of human rights is philosophically reasonable, legally possible and politically of great importance.