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Toward a Better Understanding of Human Rights

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第3期8卷 365-367页

作者： Georg Lohmann friedbergstr. 38 14057 Berlin Germany

In all countries of the world, human rights are formally recognized in one way or another, either as in the People＇s Republic of China by a separate article in the Constitution, or in Germany as fundamental rights of the Constitution and/or by ratification of international treaties. At the same time, human rights are controver- sial in their general understanding and in many specific questions. They are often disregarded or abused as an instrument of power politics. And the institutions of control, enforcement and the legal protection could be improved in many ways. On the one hand, you can speak of a success story of human rights since the World War II, and on the other hand, specific design, effective protection and enforcement are only realized in approaches, so some speak of an impending failure of the project of human rights. There are many reasons for this ambivalent assessment. An important reason seems to be that even the ideas about what human rights are, are unclear and controversial. Many see the human rights unhistorical, as if they were eternal ideas, and adversely affect human rights with too high expectations. Others see in them only moral rights, or reduce them to mere political instruments. Finally, some doubt whether the human rights because they are historically developed in Western cultures, can be truly universal rights. Therefore, a conceptual and argumentative clarification should be attempted from a philosophical perspec- tive. This will be the aim of the following three papers. The first two papers date back to lectures on human rights, Georg Lohmann hold at Fudan University in April 2014. The third paper was annexed by courtesy of Regina Kreide, who is an important scholar on the subject of human rights in Germany, but also internationally.

关键词：人权第二次世界大战后地理基本权利国际条约法律保护 SIAL 西方文化

Individual Human Rights and Obligations Towards Communities

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第3期8卷 387-399页

作者： Georg Lohmann friedbergstr.38 14057 BerlinGermany

Tensions and oppositions between the individual and community have accompanied the discourse on human rights from the beginning. I want to first recall how in the UDHR （1948） and in the major human rights treaties, the rights and obligations of individuals are regulated towards communities. I then want to investigate whether the talk of ＂collective human rights＂, understood as ＂third- generation＂ rights, are of equal value to be set with individual human rights. Against communitarian arguments for the primacy of community-related duties one can stress an expansion of a liberal concept of human rights by the inclusion of justice demands and social human rights. To show that special community needs can be protected and promoted through individual human rights and national col- lective rights, I used the example of the protection of minorities. Finally, I will explain why human rights are not a comprehensive theory of the good and illustrate with this the limits, and also the original strength of human rights. We should not overestimate human rights, but also we should be aware that a sober understanding of human rights is philosophically reasonable, legally possible and politically of great importance.

关键词： Individualism of human rights Collective rights Third generation of human rights Communitarianism Cultural relativism and universality Protectionof minorities Social human rights A sober conception of human rights Limits and strength of human rights

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体验式学习在小学数学教学中的应用研究

中国科技期刊数据库科研 2025年第1期 093-096页

作者：王培乌鲁木齐市第38小学新疆乌鲁木齐830000

体验式教学活动和传统枯燥的教学方式相比较,学生可以有更好的学习体验感,这可以影响学生的学习兴趣,加深学生对知识的印象。此外,体验式学习可提高学生学习数学的兴趣,有助于提高课堂教学效率。但是,目前体验式学习并未完全应用于实际... 详细信息

体验式教学活动和传统枯燥的教学方式相比较,学生可以有更好的学习体验感,这可以影响学生的学习兴趣,加深学生对知识的印象。此外,体验式学习可提高学生学习数学的兴趣,有助于提高课堂教学效率。但是,目前体验式学习并未完全应用于实际教学之中,大多数时间仅仅留存于表面,缺乏具体的指导。因此,本文就体验式学习在小学数学教学中的应用进行探讨,以期为后续小学数学教学提供思路。

关键词：小学数学体验式学习抽象逻辑思维

Influence of symmetric and asymmetric rolling on texture evolution of work-hardened AA 5xxx aluminium alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 30-44页

作者： MatjažGODEC Stefan ZAEFFERER Jakob KRANER Črtomir DONIK Irena PAULIN Institute of Metals and Technology Lepi pot 111000LjubljanaSlovenia Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Max-Planck-Strasse 140237 DüsseldorfGermany Impol 2000 d.d. Partizanska cesta 382310 Slovenska BistricaSlovenia

The textures and microstructures of hot-and cold-rolled sheets of an AA 5454 aluminium alloy were studied,with special attention paid to comparing the texture development for the symmetric and asymmetric cold *** electron microscopy with electron-backscatter diffraction was used to monitor the development of the microstructure in the differently deformed and additionally annealed *** of the formations and transformations of individual texture components occurring during the rolling processes were observed and *** average grain sizes,textures and mechanical properties were correlated and explained for the symmetric and asymmetric cold-rolled *** asymmetric rolling is beneficial in terms of deep drawability because it reduces the planar anisotropy of the annealed material due to the decrease of the Cube,Goss,rotated-Cube and η-fibre texture components and at the same time strengthens X1-and X2-fibre texture components which are shear texture components and improve deep *** the asymmetric cold rolling,the temperature increases due to friction,triggering recrystallisation processes and leading to larger *** is also confirmed that asymmetric cold rolling uses less rolling force and consequently less energy to produce a final material with better formability,particularly earing.

关键词： crystallographic texture EBSD aluminium alloy symmetric/asymmetric rolling anisotropy

Pneumatically Actuated Soft Robotic Arm for Adaptable Grasping

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第5期31卷 608-622页

作者： Zhe Chen Xueya Liang Tonghao Wu Tenghao Yin Yuhai Xiang Shaoxing Qu State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China

Developing robotic manipulators capable of performing effective physical interac- tion tasks is a challenging topic. In this study, we design a soft robotic arm （SRA） with multiple degrees of freedom inspired by the flexible structures and the unique motion mechanism of the octopus arm. The SRA is fabricated with elastomeric materials, which consists of four series of integrated pneumatic chambers that play similar roles as the muscles in the octopus arm can achieve large bending in various directions with variable stiffness. This SRA displays specified movements via controlling pressure and selecting channels. Moreover, utilizing parallel control, the SRA demonstrates complicated three-dimensional motions. The force response and motion of the SRA are determined both experimentally and computationally. The applications of the present SRA include tightly coiling around the objects because of its large bending deformation （nearly 360°）, grasping multiple objects, and adjusting the grabbing mode in accordance with the shape of objects.

关键词： Soft robotic arm Elastomeric materials Soft manipulation Variable stiffness actuation

The Late Stage of T Cell Development within Mouse Thymus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2004年第1期1卷 3-11页

作者： WeifengChen DepartmentofImmunology.SchoolofBasicMedicalSciences.PekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter.38XueYuanRoad.Beijing100083.China

After positive selection and lineage commitment,the TCRαβ^+CD4/CD8 SP medullary thymocytes migrate into and reside in thymic medulla,where they undergo an ordered program of late stage of T cell functional maturation and negative selection to delete self-reactive clones by *** of this final differentiation pathway,a physiological T cell repertoire is formed:T cells acquire immunocompetence to respond to foreign antigens and tolerance to self-antigens,ready for the emigration to homing to the T cell regions of peripheral lymphoid organs and *** this review,emphases are put on introducing the approaches applied in this area and our own ***,we have analyzed the late stage of medullary thymocyte phenotypic differentiation pathways of both CD4 SP and CD8 SP medullary thymocytes and the concomitant functional maturation pathway,in particular,of CD4 SP *** is to provide a standard to compare the functional capacity of the cells at the developmental stages induced by different *** cellular and molecular basis of this differentiation process has been partially *** & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(1):3-11.

关键词： immunocompetence phenothpic differentiation post-selection maturation thymocyte development

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基于转换量测重构的组网雷达融合方法

现代雷达 2025年第02期 52-57页

作者：盛琥汪海兵王杰中国电子科技集团公司第38研究所江淮前沿技术协同创新中心国防科技大学电子对抗学院

多雷达组网探测是应对隐身和低空突防的有效措施。转换量测卡尔曼滤波(CMKF)由于实现简单、计算量小，广泛使用在组网雷达融合跟踪中。CMKF的转换量测是目标状态的伪线性表达，含有较强的非线性成分，特别是在大测角误差情况下，会引发... 详细信息

多雷达组网探测是应对隐身和低空突防的有效措施。转换量测卡尔曼滤波(CMKF)由于实现简单、计算量小，广泛使用在组网雷达融合跟踪中。CMKF的转换量测是目标状态的伪线性表达，含有较强的非线性成分，特别是在大测角误差情况下，会引发融合精度下降问题。为了抑制非线性误差影响，通过对经典转换量测模型的误差影响做理论分析，指出方位误差的余弦是导致非线性误差的主要因素；基于此论断，引入方位预测，重构出了更为精准的转换量测模型，通过在滤波过程中自适应修正方位观测，有效地抑制了方位误差余弦的非线性影响。理论分析和仿真结果证明：改进CMKF应用于组网系统后，非线性误差明显减小，融合精度显著提高。

关键词：雷达组网目标跟踪非线性滤波转换量测卡尔曼滤波方位观测重构

Equivalence of coefficients extraction of one-loop master integrals

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第11期72卷 48-56页

作者： Yang An Zi-ang Hu Zhongjie Huang Yi Li Xiang Lv Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics Department of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadHangzhouChina Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityNo.38 Zheda RoadHangzhouChina

Now,there have been many different methods to calculate one-loop *** of them are the unitarity cut method and the generalized unitarity cut *** this short paper,we present an explicit connection between these two meth... 详细信息

关键词： scattering amplitude one loop correction

不同栽培模式对玉米与大豆间作青贮产量和品质的影响

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饲料工业 2025年第4期46卷 120-124页

作者：雷天翔毕显杰宋敏张新国施维新张万旭杨李德新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站新疆乌鲁木齐830011 新疆生产建设兵团第二师38团农业发展服务中心新疆铁门关841999

试验旨在研究不同株行距栽培模式对玉米与大豆间作混合青贮产量和品质的影响,以期筛选出适合新疆灌区的优质混合青贮种植方式。试验在南北疆分区进行,以单作玉米为对照,根据不同株行距设置M1、M2、M3、M4四种玉米大豆间作模式,M1和M2模... 详细信息

试验旨在研究不同株行距栽培模式对玉米与大豆间作混合青贮产量和品质的影响,以期筛选出适合新疆灌区的优质混合青贮种植方式。试验在南北疆分区进行,以单作玉米为对照,根据不同株行距设置M1、M2、M3、M4四种玉米大豆间作模式,M1和M2模式玉米和大豆行比为2∶4,M3和M4模式玉米和大豆行比为4∶4,研究不同模式下混合青贮产量和品质变化特点。结果表明:间作模式下适当压缩玉米和大豆株距,玉米株高高于对照,产量和品质也显著高于对照(P<0.05),其中M4模式(玉米、大豆行比为4∶4,玉米密度9.2万株/hm^(2),大豆密度11.1万株/hm^(2))产量相比对照增加了9.8%,粗蛋白增加了1.42%。说明M4模式是适合新疆灌区的优质饲草种植模式。

关键词：青贮玉米青贮大豆玉米大豆带状复合种植混合青贮产量品质

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