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Impact of T_(i)/T_(e )ratio on ion transport based on EAST h-mode plasmas

Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 68-78页

作者：刘建文臧庆梁云峰陈佳乐邬潇河 Alexander KNIEPS 扈嘉辉金仡飞张斌储宇奇刘海庆吕波段艳敏李妙辉陈颖杰龚先祖 the EAST Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China forschungszentrum jülich gmbh Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikPartner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster(TEC)Jülich 52425Germany

At the EAST tokamak, the ion temperature(T_(i)) is observed to be clamped around 1.25 keV in electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)-heated plasmas, even at core electron temperatures up to 10 keV(depending on the ECR heating power and the plasma density). This clamping results from the lack of direct ion heating and high levels of turbulence-driven transport. Turbulent transport analysis shows that trapped electron mode and electron temperature gradient-driven modes are the most unstable modes in the core of ECR-heated h-mode plasmas. Nevertheless, recently it was found that the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio can increase further with the fraction of the neutral beam injection(NBI) power, which leads to a higher core ion temperature(Ti0). In NBI heating-dominant h-mode plasmas, the ion temperature gradient-driven modes become the most unstable ***, a strong and broad internal transport barrier(ITB) can form at the plasma core in high-power NBI-heated h-mode plasmas when the T_(i)/T_(e)ratio approaches ~1, which results in steep core Teand Tiprofiles, as well as a peaked neprofile. Power balance analysis shows a weaker Teprofile stiffness after the formation of ITBs in the core plasma region, where Ticlamping is broken,and the core Tican increase further above 2 keV, which is 80% higher than the value of Ticlamping in ECR-heated plasmas. This finding proposes a possible solution to the problem of Ticlamping on EAST and demonstrates an advanced operational regime with the formation of a strong and broad ITB for future fusion plasmas dominated by electron heating.

关键词： ion temperature clamping transport neutral beam injection stiffness internal transport barrier

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Evidence for distortion-induced local electric polarization in α-RuCl

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Xinrun Mi De hou Xiao Wang Sabreen hammouda Caixing Liu Zijian Xiong han Li Yan Liu Guiwen Wang Aifeng Wang Yisheng Chai Yang Qi Wei Li Xiaoyuan Zhou Yixi Su D.I.Khomskii Mingquan he Zhigao Sheng Young Sun College of Physics Center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing University Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Anhui Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China jülich Centre for Neutron Scienceat heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (jCNS-MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH School of Physics Beihang University Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of Physics Fudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences II.Physikalisches Institut Universit?t zu K?ln

The spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator α-RuCl3is a prime candidate for material realization of the Kitaev quantum spin *** little attention has been paid to charge degrees of freedom, charge effects, such as electric polarization, may arise in this system. here, we report distortion-induced local electric polarization in α-RuCl3as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,second harmonic generation（ShG） and dielectric measurements. The ShG signal appears at room temperature and develops substantially in the Kitaev paramagnetic state when short-range spin correlations come into play. Despite sizable pyroelectric currents in the Kitaev paramagnetic state, the absence of hysteresis in the polarization-electric field（P-E） points to the shortrange nature of electric polarization. This localized electric polarization is likely the result of distortion-induced charge dimerization, achieved through virtual hopping-induced charge redistribution. In addition, the electric polarization is boosted by short-range spin correlations via spin-phonon coupling in the Kitaev paramagnetic state. Our results emphasize the importance of charge degrees of freedom in α-RuCl3, which establish a novel platform to investigate charge effects in Kitaev materials.

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Simultaneous enhancement in electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient by single-to double-valley transition in a Dirac-like band

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2239-2246页

作者： Yu Dai Wenjiang Zhou hyun-jung Kim Qichen Song Xin Qian Te-huan Liu Ronggui Yang School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARAD-52425JülichGermany Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA

SnTe possesses a single-to double-valley transition in the conduction band minimum when a compressive strain is *** a tight-binding analysis,it is shown that the variation of the band structure is attributed to the strain-induced delocalization of both the Sn-5s orbitals and Te-5p orbitals with different angular *** effect can largely increase the electron density of states near the band edge and thus keep the Fermi level of the compressed SnTe closer to it,where the electrons have lower scattering *** strain-induced double valleys lead to simultaneous increases in the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient and thereby nearly four times the enhancement of the power factor at the doping concentration of 5×10^(19) cm^(–3).This work suggests a feasible concept that can be employed to promote the power factor of a Dirac semiconductor via manipulating the valley degeneracy in the conduction band minimum.

关键词： conductivity double coefficient

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Environmental Impacts of the Yangtze Three Gorges Project: An Overview of the Chinese-German Research Cooperation

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journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 817-823页

作者： Günter Subklew julia Ulrich Leander Fürst Agnes hltkemeier forschungszentrum jülich gmbh

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China has a great influence on the ecosystems involved. In order to investigate these environmental effects in the Yangtze catchment area as well as downstream of the dam, forschungszentrum julich has organized a research network for the Chinese and Germaa partners. In the research fields of （1） interaction water/ sediment/contaminants, （2） vegetation/biodiversity, （3） changing land use/erosion/mass movements, and （4） atmosphere, the partners have accumulated a great deal of expertise in handling major issues and also in developing models and recommendations for action. The following provides an overview of the research network and the research tasks. On the German side, five projects in research field （3） have been in operation since 2008. The results are reported in contributions by Ehret et al., jaehnig and Cai, Schonbrodt et al., and Seeber et al.. Another five projects in research field （1） have started by September 2010. The research tasks undertaken in these five projects are presented below.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River environmental research ecosystem.

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Oxygen redox chemistry in lithium-rich cathode materials for Li-ion batteries:Understanding from atomic structure to nano-engineering

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Nano Materials Science 2022年第4期4卷 322-338页

作者： Majid Farahmandjou Shuoqing Zhao Wei-hong Lai Bing Sun Peter.h.L.Notten Guoxiu Wang Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhoventhe Netherlands Fundamental Electrochemistry(IEK9) Forschungszentrum JülichD-52425JülichGermany

Lithium-rich oxide compounds have been recognized as promising cathode materials for high performance Li-ion batteries,owing to their high specific ***,it remains a great challenge to achieve the fully reversible anionic redox reactions to realize high capacity,high stability,and low voltage hysteresis for lithiumrich cathode ***,it is critically important to comprehensively understand and control the anionic redox chemistry of lithium-rich cathode materials,including atomic structure design,and nano-scale materials engineering ***,we summarize the recent research progress of lithium-rich cathode materials with a focus on redox ***,we highlight the oxygen-based redox reactions in lithium-rich metal oxides,with critical views of designing next generation oxygen redox lithium cathode ***,we purposed the most promising strategies for improving the performances of lithium-rich cathode materials with a technology-spectrum from the atomic scale to nano-scale.

关键词： Oxygen redox chemistry Lithium-rich cathode Li-ion batteries Atomic structure Nano-engineering

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The AiiDA-KKR plugin and its application to highthroughput impurity embedding into a topological insulator

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 108-116页

作者： Philipp Rüßmann Fabian Bertoldoand Stefan Blügel Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARAD-52425 JülichGermany

The ever increasing availability of supercomputing resources led computer-based materials science into a new era of highthroughput ***,Pizzi et *** the AiiDA framework that provides a way to automate calculations while allowing to store the full provenance of complex workflows in a *** present the development of the AiiDA-KKR plugin that allows to perform a large number of ab initio impurity embedding calculations based on the relativistic full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function *** capabilities of the AiiDA-KKR plugin are demonstrated with the calculation of several thousand impurities embedded into the prototypical topological insulator *** results are collected in the juDiT database which we use to investigate chemical trends as well as Fermi level and layer dependence of physical properties of *** includes the study of spin moments,the impurity’s tendency to form in-gap states or its effect on the charge doping of the *** properties depend on the detailed electronic structure of the impurity embedded into the host crystal which highlights the need for ab initio calculations in order to get accurate predictions.

关键词： method topological embedding

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Transition from backward to sideward stimulated Raman scattering with broadband lasers in plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 63-73页

作者： X.F.Li S.M.Weng P.Gibbon h.h.Ma S.h.Yew Z.Liu Y.Zhao M.Chen Z.M.Sheng j.Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Supercomputing CentreForschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China

Broadband lasers have been proposed as future drivers of inertial confined fusion(ICF)to enhance the laser-target coupling efficiency via the mitigation of various parametric *** physical mechanisms involved have been explored recently,but are not yet fully ***,stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)as one of the key parametric instabilities is investigated theoretically and numerically for a broadband laser propagating in homogeneous plasma in multidimensional *** linear SRS growth rate is derived as a function of scattering angles for two monochromatic laser beams with a fixed frequency differenceδω.Ifδω/ω_(0)∼1%,withω0 the laser frequency,these two laser beams may be decoupled in stimulating backward SRS while remaining coupled for sideward SRS at the laser intensities typical for ***,side-scattering may dominate over backward SRS for two-color laser *** finding of SRS transition from backward to sideward SRS is then generalized for a broadband laser with a few-percent ***-in-cell simulations demonstrate that with increasing laser bandwidth,the sideward SRS gradually becomes dominant over the backward *** sideward SRS is very efficient in producing harmful hot electrons,attention needs to be paid on this effect if ultra-broadband lasers are considered as next-generation ICF drivers.

关键词： scattering backward Transition

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Trends in the hyperfine interactions of magnetic adatoms on thin insulating layers

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 787-796页

作者： Sufyan Shehada Manuel dos Santos Dias Filipe Souza Mendes Guimarães Muayad Abusaa Samir Lounis Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich&JARAJülichGermany Department of Physics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany jülich Supercomputing Center Forschungszentrum Jülich&JARAJülichGermany Department of Physics Arab American UniversityJeninPalestine Faculty of Physics University of Duisburg-Essen&CENIDEDuisburgGermany

Nuclear spins are among the potential candidates prospected for quantum information technology.A recent breakthrough enabled to atomically resolve their interaction with the electron spin,the so-called hyperfine interaction,within individual atoms utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).Intriguingly,this was only realized for a few species put on a two-layers thick ***,we systematically quantify from first-principles the hyperfine interactions of the whole series of 3d transition adatoms deposited on various thicknesses of MgO,NaF,NaCl,h–BN,and Cu2N *** identify the adatom-substrate complexes with the largest hyperfine interactions and unveil the main trends and *** reveal the core mechanisms at play,such as the interplay of the local bonding geometry and the chemical nature of the thin films,which trigger transitions between high-and low-spin states accompanied with subtle internal rearrangements of the magnetic *** providing a general map of hyperfine interactions,our work has immediate implications in future STM investigations aiming at detecting and realizing quantum concepts hinging on nuclear spins.

关键词： quantum utilizing breakthrough

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Quantum Transport across Amorphous-Crystalline Interfaces in Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact Solar Cells: Direct versus Defect-Assisted Tunneling

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第3期38卷 75-80页

作者：李峰端伟元 Manuel Pomaska Malte Köhler 丁凯宁普勇 Urs Aeberhard Uwe Rau College of Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China IEK-5 Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany

Tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cells have evolved into one of the most promising silicon solar cell concepts of the past decade,achieving a record efficiency of 25%.We study the transport mechanisms of realistic tunnel oxide structures,as encountered in tunnel oxide passivating contact(TOPCon) solar *** transport is affected by various factors,including oxide layer thickness,hydrogen passivation,and oxygen *** the thickness of the tunnel oxide layer increases,a faster decline of conductivity is obtained computationally than that observed *** tunneling seems not to explain the transport characteristics of tunnel oxide ***,it can be shown that recombination of multiple oxygen defects in a-SiOx can generate atomic silicon nanowires in the tunnel ***,new and energetically favorable transmission channels are generated,which dramatically increase the total current,and could provide an explanation for our experimental *** work proves that hydrogenated silicon oxide(SiOx:h) facilitates high-quality passivation,and features good electrical conductivity,making it a promising hydrogenation material for TOPCon solar *** carefully selecting the experimental conditions for tuning the SiOx:h layer,we anticipate the simultaneous achievement of high open-circuit voltage and low contact resistance.

关键词： tuning Tunnel conductivity

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Mechanoadaptive morphing gel electrolyte enables flexible and fast-charging Zn-ion batteries with outstanding dendrite suppression performance

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2030-2039页

作者： Faqing Cao Baohu Wu Tianyu Li Shengtong Sun Yucong jiao Peiyi Wu State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology&Center for Advanced Low-dimension MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China jülich Centre for Neutron Science(jCNS)at heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(MLZ)forschungszentrum jülich Lichtenbergstr.185748 GarchingGermany Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

The safe,flexible,and environment-friendly Zn-ion batteries have aroused great interests ***,flagrant Zn dendrite uncontrollably grows in liquid electrolytes due to insufficient surface protection,which severely impedes the future applications of Zn-ion batteries especially at high current *** electrolytes are emerging to tackle this issue,yet the required high modulus for inhibiting dendrite growth as well as concurrent poor interfacial contact with roughened Zn electrodes are not easily reconcilable to regulate the fragile Zn/Zn^(2+) *** we demonstrate,such a conflict may be defeated by using a mechanoadaptive cellulose nanofibril-based morphing gel electrolyte(MorphGE),which synergizes bulk compliance for optimizing interfacial contact as well as high modulus for suppressing dendrite ***,by anchoring desolvated Zn^(2+) on cellulose nanofibrils,the side reactions which induce dendrite formation are also significantly *** a result,the MorphGE-based symmetrical Zn-ion battery demonstrated outstanding stability for more than 100 h at the high current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2) and areal capacity of 10 mA·h·cm^(−2),and the corresponding Zn-ion battery delivered a prominent specific capacity of 100 mA·h·g^(−1) for more than 500 cycles at 20 *** present example of engineering the mechanoadaptivity of gel electrolytes will shed light on a new pathway for designing highly safe and flexible energy storage devices.

关键词： Zn-ion batteries dendrite growth interfacial adaptivity gel electrolytes fast-charging

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