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Decreased eggshell strength caused by impairment of uterine calcium transport coincide with higher bone minerals and quality in aged laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1258-1277页

作者： Yu Fu Jianmin Zhou Martine Schroyen Haijun Zhang Shugeng Wu Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Precision Livestock and Nutrition laboratory Gembloux Agro‑Bio TechTERRA Teaching and Research CentreUniversity of LiegeGembloux B‑5030Belgium

Background Deteriorations in eggshell and bone quality are major challenges in aged laying hens.This study compared the differences of eggshell quality,bone parameters and their correlations as well as uterine physiologi-cal characteristics and the bone remodeling processes of hens laying eggs of different eggshell breaking strength to explore the mechanism of eggshell and bone quality reduction and their interaction.A total of 24074-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were selected and allocated to a high(HBS,44.83±1.31 N)or low(LBS,24.43±0.57 N)eggshell breaking strength group.Results A decreased thickness,weight and weight ratio of eggshells were observed in the LBS,accompanied with ultrastructural deterioration and total Ca reduction.Bone quality was negatively correlated with eggshell quality,marked with enhanced structures and increased components in the LBS.In the LBS,the mammillary knobs and effective layer grew slowly.At the initiation stage of eggshell calcification,a total of 130 differentially expressed genes(DEGs,122 upregulated and 8 downregulated)were identified in the uterus of hens in the LBS relative to those in the HBS.These DEGs were relevant to apoptosis due to the cellular Ca overload.Higher values of p62 protein level,caspase-8 activity,Bax protein expression and lower values of Bcl protein expression and Bcl/Bax ratio were seen in the LBS.TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a significant increase in TUNEL-positive cells and tissue damages in the uterus of the LBS.Although few DEGs were identified at the growth stage,similar uterine tissue damages were also observed in the LBS.The expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocal-cin were upregulated in humeri of the LBS.Enlarged diameter and more structural damages of endocortical bones and decreased ash were observed in femurs of the HBS.Conclusion The lower eggshell breaking strength may be attributed to a declined Ca transport due to uterine tissue damages,which could affect eggshell calcification and lead to

关键词： Bone parameter Calcium transport Eggshell quality Laying hen Tissue damage

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-Chaves Zainab Maastor Carlos Spuch José Antonio Lamas Lucas C.González-Matías Federico Mallo Biomedical research centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational Neuroscience research Group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical research centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.Glucagon-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain regions.Glucagon-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural morphogenesis.The glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous system.After brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive astrocytosis.These activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the insult.Furthermore,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many diseases.Several processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control mechanisms.The glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry response.This review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,vascular dementia,or chronic migrai

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

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Masculinizer gene controls sexual differentiation in Hyphantria cunea

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 405-416页

作者： Xiaowei Li Huihui Liu Honglun Bi Yaohui Wang Jun Xu Sufang Zhang Zhen Zhang Ze Zhang Yongping Huang laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqingChina CAS Key laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology CAS Centerfor Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghaiChina Key laboratory of forest Protection Research Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryState Forestry AdministrationBeijingChina

The Masculinizer gene,Masc,encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCHtype zinc finger protein,which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori.Considering the potential application of it in pest control,it is necessary to investigate the function of Masc gene in Hyphantria cunea,a globally invasive forest pest.In the present study,we identified and functionally characterized the Masc gene,HcMasc,in H.cunea.Sequence analysis revealed that HcMASC contained the conserved CCCH-type zinc finger domain,nuclear localization signal,and male determining domain,in which the last was confirmed to be required for its masculinization in BmN cell line.However,expression data showed that unlike male-biased expression in B.mori,Hc-Masc gene expresses in main all developmental stages or tissues in both sexes.Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-based disruption of the common exons 1 and 3 of the HcMasc gene resulted in imbalanced sex ratio and abnormal external genitalia of both sexes.Our results suggest that the HcMasc gene is required for both male and female sexual differentiation and dosage compensation in H.cunea and provide a foundation for developing better strategies to control this pest.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 dosage compensation Hyphantria cunea Masc sexual differentiation

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In-situ synthesis of quantum dots in the nucleus of live cells

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 172-182页

作者： Yusi Hu Zhi-Gang Wang Haohao Fu Chuanzheng Zhou Wensheng Cai Xueguang Shao Shu-Lin Liu Dai-Wen Pang State Key laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition Research Centre for Analytical Sciences College of Chemistry School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Centre for Cell Responses Nankai University Haihe laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

The cell nucleus is the main site for the storage and replication of genetic material, and the synthesis of substances in the nucleus is rhythmic, regular and strictly regulated by physiological processes. However,whether exogenous substances, such as nanoparticles, can be synthesized in situ in the nucleus of live cells has not been reported. Here, we have achieved in-situ synthesis of CdSxSe1-xquantum dots（QDs） in the nucleus by regulation of the glutathione（GSH） metabolic pathway. High enrichment of GSH in the nucleus can be accomplished by the addition of GSH with the help of the Bcl-2 protein. Then, high-valence Se is reduced to low-valence Se by glutathione-reductase-catalyzed GSH, and interacts with the Cd precursor formed through Cd and thiol-rich proteins, eventually generating QDs in the nucleus. Our work contributes to a new understanding of the syntheses of substances in the cell nucleus and will pave the way for the development of advanced ‘supercells’.

关键词： glutathione live cell nucleus quantum dot intracellular synthesis

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How to enhance agricultural plastic waste management in China?Insights from public participation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 2127-2143页

作者： Aibo Hao Thomas Dogot Changbin Yin State Key laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Economics and Rural Development laboratory TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGembloux B-5030Belgium research Center for Agricultural Green Development in China Beijing 100081China

Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural production.However,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding gap.As one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for APWM.Accordingly,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting APWM.To this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern China.Results illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on INT.The study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.

关键词： agricultural plastic waste extended theory of planned behavior public payment environmental cognition environmental emotion

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Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?——The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis,Anoplophora chinensis,and putative hybrids

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 633-645页

作者： Haiwen Qin Huachao Xu Arnaud Capron Ilga Porth Mingming Cui Melody A.Keena Xiaofang Deng Juan Shi Richard C.Hamelin Sino-French Joint laboratory for Invasive forest Pests in Eurasia Department of ForestBejing Forestry UniversityBejingChina Department of forest and Conservation Sciences The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada College of forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Wood and forest Sciences Laval UniversityQuebecCanada 5 Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceHamdenConnecticutUSA Changchun Landscape Plant Conservation Station Bureau of Forestry and Landscaping of ChangchunChangchunChina

Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

关键词： Anoplophora chinensis Anoplophora glabripenni sg enotyping-bysequencing invasive pest mating putative hybrid

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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of forestry research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA research centre for forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

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Fine-needle aspiration technique under endoscopic ultrasound guidance:A technical approach for RNA profiling of pancreatic neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2663-2672页

作者： Sabina Sherafedinovna Seyfedinova Olga Aleksandrovna Freylikhman Polina Sergeevna Sokolnikova Konstantin Aleksandrovich Samochernykh Anna Aleksandrovna Kostareva Olga Viktorovna Kalinina Evgeniy Gennadievich Solonitsyn research laboratory of Digestive Cancer Almazov Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia research laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Modeling and Gene Therapy Almazov Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia Head of Russian Neurosurgical Institute Named after Prof.A.L.Polenova Russian Neurosurgical Institute Named after Prof.A.L.PolenovaSaint-Petersburg 191014Russia Head of Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics Almazov National Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia research laboratory of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases Almazov National Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)has been a longstanding challenge.The prognosis of patients with PDAC depends on the stage at diagnosis.It is necessary to identify biomarkers for the detection and differentiation of pancreatic tumors and optimize PDAC sample preparation procedures for DNA and RNA analysis.Most molecular studies are done using paraffin-embedded blocks;however,the integrity of DNA and RNA is often compromised in this format.Moreover,RNA isolated from human pancreatic tissue samples is generally of low quality,in part,because of the high concentration of endogenous pancreatic RNAse activity present.AIM To assess the potential of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)to obtain specimens from pancreatic neoplasms for subsequent RNA molecular profiling,including next-generation sequencing(NGS).METHODS Thirty-four EUS-FNA samples were included in this study:PDAC(n=15),chronic pancreatitis(n=5),pancreatic cysts(n=14),mucinous cysts(mucinous cystic neoplasia/intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia)n=7,serous cystic neoplasms n=5,and pseudocysts n=2.Cyst material consisted of cyst fluid and cyst wall samples obtained by through-the-needle biopsy(TTNB).Samples were stored at -80℃ until analysis.RNA purity(A260/230,A260/280 ratios),concentration,and integrity(RIN)were assessed.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted on all samples,and small RNA libraries were prepared from solid mass samples.RESULTS RNA was successfully extracted from 29/34(85%)EUS-FNA samples:100% pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples,100% chronic pancreatitis samples,70% pancreatic fluid cyst samples,and 50%TTNB samples.The relative expression of GAPDH and HPRT were obtained for all successfully extracted RNA samples(n=29)including lowquality RNA specimens.Low concentration and nonoptimal RIN values(no less than 3)of RNA extracted from EUS-FNA samples did not prevent NGS library preparation.The suitability of cyst fluid samples for RNA profiling varied.The quality of RNA extr

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided,fine-needle aspiration Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cysts RNA extraction Through-the-needle biopsy Next-generation sequencing

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Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran Yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong Nicola Tosi Jun Huang Doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni State Key laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary Science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS Key laboratory of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism

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RsaL is a self-regulatory switch that controls alternative biosynthesis of two AHL-type quorum sensing signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1201

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 74-86页

作者： Ya-Wen He Zi-Jing Jin Ying Cui Kai Song Bo Chen Lian Zhou State Key laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSJTU-NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and BiofertilizersSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Zhiyuan Innovative research centre Student Innovation CentreZhiyuan CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and metabolically versatile microorganism naturally found in soil and water.It is also an opportunistic pathogen in plants,insects,animals,and humans.In response to increasing cell density,P.aeruginosa uses two acylhomoserine lactone(AHL)quorum-sensing(QS)signals(i.e.,N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone[3-oxo-C12-HSL]and Nbutanoyl-homoserine lactone[C4-HsL]),which regulate the expression of hundreds of genes.However,how the biosynthesis of these two QS signals is coordinated remains unknown.We studied the regulation of these two QS signals in the rhizosphere strain PA1201.PA1201 sequentially produced 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL at the early and late growth stages,respectively.The highest 3-oxo-C12-HSL-dependent elastase activity was observed at the early stage,while the highest C4-HSL-dependent rhamnolipid production was observed at the late stage.The atypical regulator RsaL played a pivotal role in coordinating 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL biosynthesis and QS-associated virulence.RsaL repressed las/transcription by binding the-10 and-35 boxes of the lasl promoter.In contrast,RsaL activated rhll transcription by binding the region encoding the 5'-untranslated region of the rhll mRNA.Further,RsaL repressed its own expression by binding a nucleotide motif located in the-35 box of the rsaL promoter.Thus,RsaL acts as a molecular switch that coordinates the sequential biosynthesis of AHL QS signals and differential virulence in PA1201.Finally,C4-HSL activation by RsaL was independent of the Las and Pseudomonas quinolone signal(PQS)QS signaling systems.Therefore,we propose a new model of the QS regulatory network in PA1201,in which RsaL represents a superior player acting at the top of the hierarchy.

关键词： N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing RsaL

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