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Oat arabinoxylan promoted Lactobacillus gasseri to alleviate metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Ying Zhang Ming Zhou Yaqin Zhou Xiao Guan School of Health Science and Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil security) Technology Innovation Center MDO Smarter Grain Technology Co.， Ltd.

Arabinoxylan (AX) has been found to improve an imbalanced gut microbiota. Lactobacillus gasseri is a beneficial endogenous bacterium that has been shown to have several health benefits in the human gut， particularly its lipid-lowering activity. However， it is not known whether AX can promote the action of L. gasseri. The results of in vitro experiments showed that AX promoted biofilm formation in L. gasseri， its acid and bile salt resistance could be enhanced， and enabled better colonization of L. gasseri in the intestinal tract of mice. In vivo experiments showed that the AX+ L. gasseri group could effectively ameliorate weight gain and fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice， and the L. gasseri group or AX+L. gasseri alleviated liver injury in mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that L. gasseri can colonize the mice intestine and AX+L. gasseri can ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice by increasing Lactobacillus spp. and Coriobacteriaceae＿UCG-002 and decreasing Peptococcaceae. In addition， metabolomics results indicated that the L. gasseri group and the AX+L. gasseri group could alleviate metabolic disorders by decreasing the levels of L-phenylalanine， L-tyrosine， kynurenine acid， and arachidonic acid in obese mice. The effect of AX+L. gasseri group was better than that of the L. gasseri group， suggesting that AX promotes the lipid-lowering activity of L. gasseri， and the mechanism may be due to the activation of retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. AX can be used as a functional food ingredient to potentially alleviate obesity and metabolic syndrome.

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Cell Production and Expansion in the Primary Root of Maize in Response to Low-Nitrogen Stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2508-2517页

作者： GAO Kun CHEN Fan-jun YUAN Li-xing MI Guo-hua Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction Ministry of Agriculture/Center for Resources Environment and Food Security College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

Maize plants respond to low-nitrogen stress by enhancing root elongation. The underlying physiological mechanism remains unknown. Seedlings of maize （Zea mays L., cv. Zhengdan 958） were grown in hydroponics with the control （4 mmol L-1） or low-nitrogen （40 μmol L-1） for 12 d, supplied as nitrate. Low nitrogen enhanced root elongation rate by 4.1-fold, accompanied by increases in cell production rate by 2.2-fold, maximal elemental elongation rate （by 2.5-fold）, the length of elongation zone （by 1.5-fold）, and ifnal cell length by 1.8-fold. On low nitrogen, the higher cell production rate resulted from a higher cell division rate and in fact the number of dividing cells was reduced. Consequently, the residence time of a cell in the division zone tended to be shorter under low nitrogen. In addition, low nitrogen increased root diameter, an increase that occurred speciifcally in the cortex and was accompanied by an increase in cell number. It is concluded that roots elongates in response to low-nitrogen stress by accelerating cell production and expansion.

关键词： cell length elemental expansion kinematic analysis root diameter root elongation Zea mays L

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Catechins promoted Enterococcus faecalis to alleviate related indices of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice induced by high-fat diet

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Ying Zhang Yaqin Zhou Ming Zhou Xiao Guan School of Health Science and Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil security) Technology Innovation Center MDO Smarter Grain Technology Co.， Ltd.

This study provides different opinion for exploring the mechanism of catechin (CAT) relieving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)， it is more innovative to explore from the perspective of intestinal microorganism. Through in vitro fermentation experiments， CAT could improve the abundance of Enterococcus， and Enterococcus faecalis (EF) accounts for the vast majority of Enterococcus in human gut. The experimental results in vivo showed that EF group and CAT+EF group could reduce the body weight， liver weight and epididymal fat weight of NASH mice， and improve the changes of serum and liver indexes. HE staining observation showed that these two groups have greatly improved the fatty degeneration， balloon degeneration and necrotic focus caused by NASH. The alleviation of CAT+EF group was more obvious. Results of targeted metabonomics showed that CAT could promote EF to produce more methyl palmitate (MP， C16:0)， which plays a great role in relieving NASH. Our results indicated that EF could alleviate NASH and CAT+EF group had better alleviation may due to more production of MP by EF. This study provides a new idea for CAT to alleviate NASH.

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Bio-soft matter derived from traditional Chinese medicine:Characterizations of hierarchical structure,assembly mechanism,and beyond

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第6期14卷 823-839页

作者： Guiya Yang Yue Liu Yuying Hu Yue Yuan Yunan Qin Quan Li Shuangcheng Ma School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing102488China Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine National Institutes for Food and Drug ControlBeijing100050China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Chinese Materia MedicaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional MoleculesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China

Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of *** discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and *** the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter,their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological *** this review,the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced,and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is *** pros and cons of each technique are also *** future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined,particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.

关键词： Electron microscopy Spectroscopy Traditional Chinese medicine Bio-soft matter Structural characterization

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A multi-strain probiotic administered via drinking water enhances feed conversion efficiency and meat quality traits in indigenous chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 179-184页

作者： Judith A.Atela Victor Mlambo Caven M.Mnisi Animal Nutrition Group Department of Animal SciencesEgerton UniversityPO Box 536Egerton20115Kenya School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaP Bagx2046Mmabatho2735South Arica Department of Animal Science Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth-West UniversityP Bag x20462735South Africa food security and safety niche area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth West UniversityMafikeng 2745South Africa

Whereas the use of probiotics is commonplace in commercial production of improved chicken strains,little is known about the impact of these live microbial feed additives in indigenous chickens in South Africa. This study investigated the effect of a multi-strain probiotic(containing Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Cupriavidus metallidurans, total bacteria number was 1.4 × 10~8 cfu/mL),administered via drinking water, on growth performance, blood parameters, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of Potchefstroom koekoek cockerels for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 140 fiveweek-old cockerels were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets formulated to have similar energy and protein levels as follows: 1) negative control diet(CON;commercial chicken grower diet without both antibiotics and probiotics), 2) positive control diet(ANTIB;commercial chicken grower diet with antibiotics [0.05% Coxistac and 0.04% olaquindox] but no probiotics), 3) negative control diet plus 2.5 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB25) and 4) negative control with 5.0 mL of probiotics per litre of water(PROB50). There was a significant(P 0.05) effect on overall feed intake, overall weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of cockerels. Gizzard and spleen weights were similar(P > 0.05) in PROB50, CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had shorter(P < 0.05) small intestine than those in CON and PROB25 groups. Cockerels in PROB50 group had larger(P < 0.05) breast weight than those in PROB25 *** in ANTIB and PROB50 groups had greater(P < 0.05) wing and thigh weight

关键词： Antibiotics Blood parameters Indigenous chickens Meat Probiotic

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COVID-19 in Nigeria: Why continuous spike in cases?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第1期14卷 1-4页

作者： Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin Folorunso Oludayo Fasina Abiodun Olusola Omotayo Oluwaseun AramideOtekunrin Muhammad Akram Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Federal University of AgricultureAbeokuta(FUNAAB)Nigeria Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO-ECTAD)Dares Salam14111United Republic of Tanzania Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases University of PretoriaOnderstepoort 0110South Africa food security and safety niche Faculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceNorth-West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa Department of Statistics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Eastern Medicine Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan

***-19 in Africa The global emergence of the novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)in December,2019 became a major turning point in the global health *** at 4th May,2020,the Republic of South Africa,Egypt and Nigeria had 6783,6465 and 2558 confirmed cases of COVID-19,respectively[1].Surprisingly,the number of cases in South Africa has risen to 563598 cases with 10621 deaths,and the number of cases in Egypt has increased to 95666 cases with 5035 deaths while Nigeria has 46867 cases with 950 deaths[2].

关键词： cases Nigeria turning

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Feeding More People on an Increasingly Fragile Planet: China's food and Nutrition security in a National and Global Context

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1193-1205页

作者： Shenggen Fan Joanna Brzeska International food Policy Research Institute

Developing and developed countries alike are increasingly facing the dififcult question of how to feed more people amidst a host of emerging demographic, environmental, and health challenges. At the same time, in addition to food quantity, increased attention is being given to food quality attributes, in particular nutrition and safety. This is especially evident in China, where concerns are on the rise regarding the ability of China’s food production systems to deliver nutritious and safe food to a growing, urbanizing and more aflfuent population. These food and nutrition concerns come at a time when China is an increasingly inlfuential actor within the global food security network through activities such as production, consumption and trade. We argue that China has the opportunity to increase food and nutrition security both nationally and globally through a comprehensive policy agenda that focuses on institutional reforms, investments for and in agriculture, productive social safety nets, mutually beneifcial trade, and the exchange of know-how and technologies among developing countries and donors. This agenda will help China adapt its food production systems to the changing face of agriculture and to play a vital role in addressing the emerging challenges facing food and nutrition security within and beyond China in the coming decades.

关键词： food security nutrition China agricultural development

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A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1164-1178页

作者： Yunping Chen Jie Hu Zhiwen Cai Jingya Yang Wei Zhou Qiong Hu Cong Wang Liangzhi You Baodong Xu Macro Agriculture Research Institute College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation of Hubei Province/College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China International food Policy Research Institute NWWashingtonD.C.20005USA

Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural ***,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy *** this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)*** PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature *** on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover ***,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice ***,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively

关键词： ratoon rice phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI) phenological phase feature selection Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data

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Oat avenanthramide B alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity via regulating fatty acid metabolism involved in gut bacteria and fungi remodeling

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food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yongyong Liu Kai Huang Xiao Guan Sen Li Hongdong Song Ying Zhang Yu Zhang Zhu Sun Zhiquan Yu School of Health Science and Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil security) Technology Innovation Center Inner Mongolia Yangufang Whole Grain Industry Development Co.， Ltd.

Oat avenanthramides (AVNs) have been found to exhibit novel lipid-lowering effects. However， the mechanism remains unclear. In this study， the effect of avenanthramide B (AVN B)， as one of the major AVNs， on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice was investigated. Results showed that AVN B significantly inhibited weight gain and improved hepatic and serum lipid biochemical indices. Hepatic RNA-Sequencing analysis suggested that AVN B significantly modulates fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Hepatic real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot results indicated that AVN B could alleviate FA synthesis by activating the AMPK- SREBP1c-FAS， and increase FA oxidation by activating the AMPK/CPT1A and PPARα. Additionally， AVN B had a regulating effect on ileum lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal cell differentiation and down-regulating the expression levels of FA absorption-related protein and gene. Moreover， AVN B promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi such as Coriobacteriaceae＿UCG-002， Parvibacter， Enterococcus， and Aspergillus， while decreasing the abundance of Roseburia， unclassified＿f＿Lachnospiraceae Cladosporium， Eurotium， unclassified＿f＿Aspergillaceae and unclassified＿f＿Ceratocystidaceae. All these results provided new points of the lipid-lowing mechanism of AVNs and oats via the gut-liver axis.

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Emerging frontier technologies for food safety analysis and risk assessment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2231-2242页

作者： DONG Yi-yang LIU Jia-hui WANG Sai CHEN Qi-long GUO Tian-yang ZHANG Li-ya JIN Yong SU Hai-jia TAN Tian-wei Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Institute of food safety Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine

Access to security and safe food is a basic human necessity and essential for a sustainable world. To perform hi-end rood safety analysis and risk assessment with state of the art technologies is of utmost importance thereof. With applications as exemplified by microfiuidic immunoassay, aptasensor, direct analysis in real time, high resolution mass spectrometry, benchmark dose and chemical specific adjustment factor, this review presents frontier food safety analysis and risk assessment technologies, from which both food quality and public health will benefit undoubtedly in a foreseeable future.

关键词： food safety microfluidic immunoassay aptasensor direct analysis in real time high resolution mass spectrometry benchmark dose chemical specific adjustment factor

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