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Satyrization and satyrization-resistance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species

Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 162-174页

作者： Irka Ewa Bargielowski Leon Philip Lounibos florida medical entomology laboratory University of Florida Vero Beach Florida USA

Competitive displacements or reductions of resident populations of insects, often effected by a related species, may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. Satyrization is a form of mating interference in which males of one species mate with females of another species, significantly decreasing their fitness and not generating hybrids. Satyriza- tion has been established to be the probable cause of competitive displacements of resident mosquitoes by invasive species, especially of Aedes aegypti by Aedes albopictus, two important vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Mathematical models predict that even low levels of asymmetric mating interference are capable of producing competitive displacements or reductions. Couplings of virgin Ae. aegypti females with Ae. albopictus males effectively sterilize these females through the monogamizing actions of male ac- cessory gland products, but the converse interspecific mating does not impact the future reproduction ofAe. albopictus females. Populations ofAe. aegypti exposed to satyrization quickly evolve resistance to interspecific mating, which is believed to ameliorate repro- ductive interference from, and promote co-existence with, Ae. albopictus. The evolution of satyrization resistance among Ae. aegypti in laboratory cages is accompanied by fitness costs, such as reduced fecundity and slower receptivity to conspecific males. Cage exper- iments and field observations indicate that Ae. albopictus males are capable of satyrizing females of other species of the Stegomvia subgenus, potentially leading to competitive displacements, and possible extinctions, especially of endemic species on islands. Exam- ination of other examples of reproductive interference in insects reveals few parallels to the mechanism and outcomes of satyrization by Ae. albopictus. We conclude by posing the hypothesis that satyrization may favor the ecological success of Ae. albopictus, and suggest many lines for future research on this phenomenon.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus mating interference reproductive interfer-ence satyrization

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Characterization of the voltage-gated sodium channel of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 47-59页

作者： Bin Liu Monique R. Coy Jin-Jun Wang Lukasz L. Stelinski entomology and Nematology Department Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Florida USA Key laboratory of entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama （Hemiptera： Liviidae）, is an important insect pest of citrus. It is the vector of ＇Candidatus＇ Liberibacter asiaticus, a phloem-limited bacterium that infects citrus, resulting in the disease Huanglongbing （HLB）. Disease management relies heavily on suppression of D. cirri populations with insecticides, including pyrethroids. In recent annual surveys to monitor insecticide resistance, reduced susceptibility to fenpropathrin was identified in several field populations olD. citri. The primary target ofpyrethroids is the voltage-gated sodium channel （VGSC）. The VGSC is prone to target-site insensitivity because of mutations that either reduce pyrethroid binding and/or alter gating kinetics. These mutations, known as knockdown resistance or kdr, have been reported in a wide diversity of arthropod species. Alternative splicing, in combination with kdr mutations, has been also associated with reduced pyrethroid efficacy. Here we report the molecular characterization of the VGSC in D. citri along with a survey of alternative splicing across developmental stages of this species. Previous studies demonstrated that D. citri has an exquisite enzymatic arsenal to detoxify insecticides resulting in reduced efficacy. The results from the current investigation demonstrate that target-site insensitivity is also a potential basis for insecticide resistance to pyrethroids in D. citri. The VGSC sequence and its molecular characterization should facilitate early elucidation of the underlying cause of an established case of resistance to pyrethroids. This is the first characterization of a VGSC from a hemipteran to this level of detail, with the majority of the previous studies on dipterans and lepidopterans.

关键词： citrusgreening diseasemanagement knockdownresistance(kdr) target-site insensitivity

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Potential of termite-based biomass pre-treatment strategies for use in bioethanol production

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 166-174页

作者： Michael E. Scharf Drion G. Boucias entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

When considering the current state of the biorefinery industry, it is readily apparent that industrial cellulose and hemicellulose digestion processes are relatively advanced, whereas enzymatic pre-treatment strategies for biomass delignification and cellulose solubilization are not well developed. The need for efficient biomass pre-treatment strategies presents a significant opportunity for researchers studying lignocellulose digestion in termites and other insects. With an emphasis on industrial biomass pre-treatment, this review provides an overview of：（i） industrial biorefining operations （feedstocks, processing, and economics）; （ii） recent findings from termite research that have revealed candidate enzymes; and （iii） research needs and opportunities for consideration by entomologists working in this area. With respect to research findings, recently identified candidate lignases （laccases, catalases, peroxidases, esterases）, other potentially important detoxification enzymes （cytochrome P450, superoxide dismutase）, and phenolic acid esterases （carboxylesterases） that may assist in hemicellulose solubilization are overviewed. Regarding research needs and opportunities, several approaches for identification of candidate pre-treatment enzymes from upstream, symbiont-free gut regions are also described.

关键词： bioenergy bioethanol biorefining Isoptera lignocellulose renewable energy

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Transcytosis of Junonia coenia densovirus VP4 across the gut epithelium of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 22-32页

作者： Mariah Kemmerer Bryony C.Bonning Department of entomology Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA Department of entomology and Nematology University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

The Junonia coenia densovirus rapidly traverses the gut epithelium of the host lepidopteran without replicating in the gut *** ability of this virus to transcytose across the gut epithelium is of interest for the potential use of virus structural proteins as delivery vehicles for insecticidal peptides that act within the insect hemocoel,rather than in the *** this study,we used fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda to examine the binding of the virus to brush border membrane vesicle proteins by two-dimensional ligand blot *** also assessed the rate of flux of the primary viral structural protein,VP4 fused to eGFP with a proline-rich linker(VP4-P-eGFP)through the gut epithelium ex vivo in an Ussing *** mechanisms involved with transcytosis of VP4-P-eGFP were assessed by use of *** serum albumin(BSA)and eGFP were used as positive and negative control proteins,*** contrast to BSA,which binds to multiple proteins on the brush border membrane,VP4-P-eGFP binding was specific to a protein of high molecular *** flux was significantly higher for VP4-P-eGFP after 2 h than for albumin or eGFP,with rapid transcytosis of VP4-P-eGFP within the first 30 *** contrast to BSA which transcytosed following clathrin-mediated endocytosis,the movement of VP4-P-eGFP was vesicle-mediated but *** specificity of binding combined with the efficiency of transport across the gut epithelium suggest that VP4 will provide a useful carrier for insecticidal peptides active within the hemocoel of key lepidopteran pests including ***.

关键词： BSA gut epithelium JcDNV Lepidoptera transcytosis virus

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Feeding behavior and hormoligosis associated with imidacloprid resistance in Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1211-1221页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Justin George Lauren M.Diepenbrock Hunter Gossett Guoping Liu Jawwad A.Qureshi Lukasz L.Stelinski entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaCitrus Research and Education CenterLake AlfredFloridaUSA Southern Insect Management Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMississippiUSA entomology and Nematology Department University of FloridaSouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterImmokaleeFloridaUSA

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used for managing the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,which serves as vector of phytopathogens causing citrus ***,development of resistance to neonicotinoids among populations of *** has coincided with occasional control failures in the *** objectives of this research were to(1)survey current levels of imidacloprid resistance in florida citrus;(2)compare feeding behavior between imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible *** using electrical penetration graph recordings,and(3)investigate the possible amplification of insecticide hormoligosis associated with *** surveys confirmed that the susceptibility of *** populations to imidacloprid has decreased in commercial florida citrus groves compared with a laboratory-susceptible *** 12 generations of selection,resistance to imidacloprid increased by 438 fold compared with the susceptible ***-susceptible *** feeding on citrus exhibited significantly more bouts associated with intercellular pathway(C),phloem penetration(D),phloem salivation(E1),and nonprobing(Np)activities than imidacloprid-resistant ***,there were no differences observed in the frequency or duration of phloem ingestion or xylem feeding between susceptible and resistant *** was no statistical difference in fecundity between resistant and susceptible ***,the fecundity of imidacloprid-susceptible female *** treated with a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid(LC_(25))increased significantly compared with controls,while such hormoligosis was less pronounced among imidacloprid-resistant *** results suggest that imidacloprid-resistant psyllids may cease feeding sooner than susceptible counterparts following sublethal exposure to this insecticide,indicative of a behavioral resistance mechanism.

关键词： artificial selection electrical penetration graph feeding behavior hormoligosis insecticide resistance sublethal exposure

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Botanicals, selective insecticides, and predators to control Diaphorina citri （Hemiptera： Liviidae） in citrus orchards

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 717-726页

作者： Azhar A. Khan Muhammad Afzal Jawwad A. Qureshi Arif M. Khan Abubakar M. Raza Department of Agricultural entomology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of entomology & Nematology Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Immokalee Florida USA Department of Biotechnology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan

The Asian citrus psyllid （ACP） Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing （HLB） or citrus greening devastating and economically im- portant disease present in most citrus growing regions. Young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. During winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. Overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. Botanicals and relatively selective insecti- cides could help to conserve beneficial insects and reduce pest resistance to insecticides. Sprays of Azadirachtin （Neem）, Tropane （Datura）, Spirotetramat, Spinetoram, and broad- spectrum Imidacloprid were evaluated to control ACP in spring and summer on 10-year-old ＂Kinow＂ Citrus reticulata Blanco trees producing new growth. Psyllid populations were high averaging 5-9 nymphs or adults per sample before treatment application. Nymphs or adults were significantly reduced to 0.5-1.5 per sample in all treatments for 3 weeks, aver- age 61%-83% reduction. No significant reduction in ladybeetles Adalia bipunctata, Ane- glei scardoni, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, and Coccinella septempunctata was observed. Syrphids, spiders and green lacewings were reduced in treated trees except with Tropane. Studies are warranted to assess impact of these predators on ACP and interaction with insecticides. Observed reduction in ACP populations may not be enough considering its reproductive potential and role in the spread of HLB. Follow-up sprays may be required to achieve additional suppression using rotations of different insecticides.

关键词： Asian citrus psyllid biopesticides Coccinellids huanglongbing predators

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Salicaceae detoxification abilities in florida tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio glaucus maynardi Gauthier）＂ Novel ability or Pleistocene holdover？

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 337-345页

作者： Matthew S. Lehnert J. Mark Scriber McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida Department of entomology Soils and Plant Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina Department of entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status （P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier）. We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. （Salicaceae）, for several florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species （P. rutulus Lucas, R eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild ＆ Jordan）. Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5-choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae （〈5%）, but larvae from florida populations exhibited a high survival （〉 60%） on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand-paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these florida populations are at least 700-1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, 17. appalachiensis Pavulaan ＆ Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z （ = X）-linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these florida populations, illustrating genetic independence ofoviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry-overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.

关键词： eastern tiger swallowtail genetic introgression interglacial island refugia,Papilio glaucus maynardi Papilionidae host plants Salicaceae detoxification

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Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect-plant interactions＂ Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 471-507页

作者： J. Mark Scriber Department of entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical （tow-latitude） plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host-specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities （and loss of these abilities with specialization）, host-associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of ＂species borders＂ for swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae （swallowtail butterflies） have provided a model for enhanced tmderstanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic （thermal） environment interacts with host nutritional suitability to generate ＂voltinisrn/suitability＂ gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species-level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead-ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect- plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic speci

关键词： evolutionary dead-ends key innovations latitudinal gradients oscillation hypothesis of speciation polyspecialists preference/performance specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis voltinism-suitability hypothesis

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Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 583-612页

作者： J.Mark Scriber Department of entomology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Polymorphisms for melanic form of insects may provide various selective ***,melanic alleles may have significant/subtle pleiotrophic“costs.”Several potential pleiotrophic effects of the W(=Y)‐linked melanism gene in Papilio glaucus L.(Lepidoptera)showed no costs for melanic versus yellow in adult size,oviposition preferences,fecundity,egg viability,larval survival/growth rates,cold stress tolerance,or postdiapause emergence *** selection(males choosing yellow rather than mimetic dark females)had been suggested to provide a balanced polymorphism in ***,but spermatophore counts in wild females and direct field tethering studies of size‐matched pairs of virgin females(dark and yellow),show that male preferences are random or frequency‐dependent from florida to Michigan,providing no yellow counter‐*** frequency declines of dark(melanic/mimetic)females in *** populations are shown in several major populations from florida(27.3°N latitude)to Ohio(38.5°N).Summer temperatures have increased significantly at all these locations during this time(1999–2018),but whether dark morphs may be more vulnerable(in any stage)to such climate warming remains to be *** potential reasons for the frequency declines in mimetic females are discussed:(i)genetic introgression of Z‐linked melanism suppressor genes from ***(R&J)and the hybrid species,***(Pavulaan&Wright),(ii)differential developmental incompatibilities,or Haldane effects,known to occur in hybrids,(iii)selection against intermediately melanic(“dusty”)females(with the W‐linked melanic gene,b+)which higher temperatures can cause.

关键词： climate warming ecology of melanism incomplete mimicry pleiotrophic costs

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Sugar-Hormone Cross-Talk in Seed Development： Two Redundant Pathways of IAA Biosynthesis Are Regulated Differentially in the Invertase- Deficient miniature 1 （mn 1） Seed Mutant in Maize

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1026-1036页

作者： Prem S. Chourey Qin-Bao Li Dibyendu Kumar USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville FL 32608-1069 USA Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA

The miniature1 （mn1） seed phenotype is a loss-of-function mutation at the Mnl locus that encodes a cell wall invertase; its deficiency leads to pleiotropic changes including altered sugar levels and decreased levels of IAA throughout seed development. To understand the molecular details of such a sugar-hormone relationship, we have initiated studies on IAA biosynthesis genes in developing seeds of maize. Two tryptophan-dependent pathways of IAA biosynthesis, tryptamine （TAM） and indole-3-pyruvic acid （IPA）, are of particular interest. We report on molecular isolation and characterization of an endosperm-specific ZmTARelatedl （ZmTarl） gene of the IPA branch; we have also reported recently on ZmYucl gene in the TAM branch. Comparative gene expression analyses here have shown that （1） the ZmTarl transcripts were approximately 10-fold higher levels than the ZmYucl; （2） although both genes showed the highest level of expression at 8-12 d after pollination （DAP） coincident with an early peak in IAA levels, the two showed highly divergent （antagonistic） response at 12 and 16 DAP but similar patterns at 20 and 28 DAP in the Mnl and ran1 endosperm. The Western blot analyses for the ZmTAR1 protein, however, displayed disconcordant protein/transcript expression patterns. Overall, these data report novel observations on redundant trp-dependent pathways of auxin biosynthesis in developing seeds of maize, and suggest that homeostatic control of IAA in this important sink is highly complex and may be regulated by both sucrose metabolism and developmental signals.

关键词： Seed development IAA biosynthesis tryptophan-aminotransferase 1 ZmYUCCA1 gene expression q-PCR maize.

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