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Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2631-2638页

作者： G Lindsay McCrea Christine Miaskowski Nancy A Stotts Liz Macera Madhulika G Varma Departments of Physiological Nursing University of California Department of surgery University of California

This review provides information on the definition of constipation, normal continence and defecation and a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of constipation. In addition, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with aging that may contribute to constipation are described. MEDLINE (1966-2007) and CINAHL (1980-2007) were searched. The following MeSH terms were used: constipation/etiology OR constipation/ physiology OR constipation/physiopathology) AND (age factors OR aged OR older OR 80 and over OR middle age). Constipation is not well defined in the literature. While self-reported constipation increases with age, findings from a limited number of clinical studies that utilized objective measures do not support this association. Dysmotility and pelvic floor dysfunction are important mechanisms associated with constipation. Changes in GI function associated with aging appear to be relatively subtle based on a limited amount of conflicting data. Additional research is warranted on the effects of aging on GI function, as well as on the timing of these changes.

关键词： Constipation Mechanisms Functional consti-pation, Dysmotility, Older adults Pelvic floor dysfunction,Gastrointestinal tract

Effectiveness and safety of a laparoscopic training system combined with modified reconstruction techniques for total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第13期26卷 1490-1500页

作者： Shun Zhang Hajime Orita Hiroyuki Egawa Ryota Matsui Suguru Yamauchi Yukinori Yube Sanae Kaji Toru Takahashi Shinichi Oka Noriyuki Inaki Tetsu Fukunaga Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive surgery Juntendo University HospitalTokyo 113-8431Japan Department of Gastrointestinal surgery Shanghai East HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200120China Department of surgery Juntendo Urayasu HospitalJuntendo UniversityChiba 2790021Japan

BACKGROUND Total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG)is increasing due to some advantages over open surgery,which has generated interest in gastrointestinal ***,TLDG is technically demanding especially for lymphadenectomy and gastrointestinal *** the course of training,trainee surgeons have less chances to perform open gastrectomy compared with that of senior *** To evaluate an appropriate,efficient and safe laparoscopic training procedures suitable for trainee *** Ninety-two consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent TLDG plus Billroth I reconstruction using an augmented rectangle technique and involving trainees were *** trainees were taught a laparoscopic view of surgical anatomy,standard operative procedures and practiced essential laparoscopic *** TLDG procedure was divided into regional lymph node dissections and gastrointestinal reconstruction for analyzing trainee *** surgical outcomes were compared between trainees and trainers to clarify the feasibility and safety of TLDG performed by *** curves were used to assess the utility of our training *** Five trainees performed a total of 52 TLDGs(56.5%),while 40 TLDGs were conducted by two trainers(43.5%).Except for depth of invasion and pathologic stage,there were no differences in clinicopathological *** performed more D2 gastrectomies than *** total operation time was significantly longer in the trainee *** time spent during the lesser curvature lymph node dissection and the Billroth I reconstruction were similar between the two *** difference was found in postoperative complications between the two *** learning curve of the trainees plateaued after five TLDG *** Preparing trainees with a laparoscopic view of surgical anatomy,standard operative procedures and practice in essential laparoscopic skills enabled trainees to perform TLDG sa

关键词： Gastric cancer Total laparoscopic gastrectomy Education system Trainees Augmented rectangle technique Standard procedure

Quantifying the contribution of the root system of alpine vegetation in the soil aggregate stability of moraine

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 36-42页

作者： Csilla Hudek Silvia Stanchi Michele D’Amico Michele Freppaz University of Torino DISAFA(Department of AgriculturalForest and Food Sciences)Largo Paolo Braccini2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly Train2Move fellowship University of TorinoDISAFA(Department of AgriculturalForest and Food Sciences)Largo Paolo Braccini2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly

One fifth of the world's population is living in mountains or in their surrounding *** anthropogenic pressure continues to grow with the increasing number of settlements,especially in areas connected to touristic activities,such as the Italian *** process of soil formation on high mountains is particularly slow and these soils are particularly vulnerable to soil *** alpine regions,extreme meteorological events are increasingly frequent due to climate change,speeding up the process of soil degradation and increasing the number of severe erosion processes,shallow landslides and debris *** cover plays a crucial role in the stabilization of mountain soils thereby reducing the risk of natural hazards effecting downslope *** aggregate stability is one of the main soil properties that can be linked to soil loss *** developed on moraines in recently deglaciated areas typically have low levels of soil aggregation,and a limited or discontinuous vegetation cover making them more susceptible to ***,soil structure can be influenced by the root system of the *** are actively involved in the formation of water-stable soil aggregation,increasing the stability of the soil and its nutrient *** the present study,we aim to quantify the effect of the root system of alpine vegetation on the soil aggregate stability of the forefield of the Lys glacier,in the Aosta Valley(NW-Italy).This proglacial area provides the opportunity to study how the root system of ten pioneer alpine species from different successional stages can contribute to soil development and soil *** quantify the aggregate stability of root permeated soils,a modified wet sieving method was *** root length per soil volume of the different species was also determined and later correlated with the aggregate stability *** results showed that soil aggregate stability was significantly increased by the presence

关键词： Soil aggregate stability Root length density Pioneer alpine species Glacier forefield

New insights into store-independent Ca^(2+) entry: secretory pathway calcium ATPase 2 in normal physiology and cancer

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International Journal of oral Science 2013年第2期5卷 71-74页

作者： Ming-Ye Feng Rajini Rao State Key Laboratory of oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University Department of Physiology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.

关键词： Ca2+ signaling human cancers store-independent Ca2+ entry store-operated Ca2+ entry

Magnetic nanoparticle-based cancer therapy

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第2期22卷 23-35页

作者：余靓黄冬雁 Muhammad Zubair Yousaf 侯仰龙高松 Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking University Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck surgery Clinical Division of SurgeryChinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University

Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in *** cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer diagnosis and ***,magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） that are responsive to a magnetic field have shown great promise in cancer *** with traditional cancer therapy,magnetic field triggered therapeutic approaches can treat cancer in an unconventional but more effective and safer *** this review,we will discuss the recent progress in cancer therapies based on MNPs,mainly including magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic specific targeting,magnetically controlled drug delivery,magnetofection,and magnetic switches for controlling cell *** recently developed strategies such as magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） monitoring cancer therapy and magnetic tissue engineering are also addressed.

关键词： magnetic nanoparticles cancer therapy hyperthermia drug delivery targeting magnetic reso-nance imaging

Stroke Care in 2006,Did We Make Any Progress?

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中国卒中杂志 2007年第2期 91-94页

作者： David Z.Wang OSF Stroke Center & Network University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria USA Vascular Neurology fellowship

As it was in the past, stroke care made exciting progress but at the same time, there was disappointment in 2006. Although many clinical trials have published their results in the areas ranging from stroke risk factor management, stroke prevention, acute stroke intervention, complication management to rehabilitation, very few conclusions can be applied to our clinical practice. While we continue to gain knowledge on the risk factor management, such as the need to aggressively lowering cholesterol, we need more data on the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting. The search for more effective therapies to treat acute ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages *** it was in the past, stroke care made exciting progress but at the same time, there was disappointment in 2006. Although many clinical trials have published their results in the areas ranging from stroke risk factor management, stroke prevention, acute stroke intervention, complication management to rehabilitation, very few conclusions can be applied to our clinical practice. While we continue to gain knowledge on the risk factor management, such as the need to aggressively lowering cholesterol, we need more data on the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting. The search for more effective therapies to treat acute ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages continues.

关键词： Stroke Care in 2006,Did We Make Any Progress We

Human papillomavirus, tobacco, and poor oral hygiene can act synergetically, modulate the expression of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway for the development and progression of head and neck cancer in the Pakistani population

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第15期135卷 1829-1836页

作者： Sumaira Sarwar Mushir Mulla Munaz Mulla Rida Tanveer Maimoona Sabir Aneesa Sultan Salman A.Maliki Department of Biochemistry Qauid-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of oral and Dental health Cllge of Applied Health Sciences in ArrassQassim UniversityBuraidahAl Qasim 51921Saudi Arabia Department of Periodontology and oral medicine College of DentstyQssim UniversityBuraidahAl Qasim 51921Saudi Arabia Department of Microbiology The University of HaripurHaripurKP 22620Pakistan.

Background: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that progress owing to varied enviromental and genetic risk factors. Viral infections are threatening and adept at altering the expression of cellular transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and deregulation of other cellular proteins like NF kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα). The present study was conducted to detect high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in HNC patients with HPV ***: For HPV detection, genomic DNA from 152 HNC tumors was extracted formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA kit. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a general primer, HPV type-specific primers and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on 4-μm thick tissue sections using HPV E6 monoclonal antibody. Protein expression analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway including p50, p65, and IκBα was performed using ***: PCR analysis showed that 24.3% (37/152) of HNC cases were HPV positive. Among HPV positive, 86.5% (32/37) were tobacco users, while among HPV negative, 66.9% (77/115) were tobacco users. A significant association of HPV positivity and tobacco user was observed by univariate analysis [P oral hygiene (78.3%) when compared with patients with good oral hygiene (21.6%) [P oral hygiene are significant predictors (P < 0.02). PCR and IHC staining results confirmed that HPV16 was predominant among HNC cases (64.8%) when compared with HPV18 (35.2%). Expression of NF-κB proteins (p50, p65, and IκBα inhibitor) were also observed in HPV and non-HPV infected HNC tissues. IHC expression of p50, and p65 showed nucle

关键词： Human papillomavirus NF-kappa B p50 p65 IκBαinhibitor Polymerase chain reaction Immunohistochemistry Head and neck cancer Pakistani population

Life threatening vitamin B_(12) deficiency:will timely screening make a difference?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第3期6卷 456-457页

作者： T.S.Dharmarajan S. Lakshmi Narayanan Rajiv D. Poduval Chief Division of GeriatricsDirectorGeriatric Medicine Fellowship Program Our Lady of Mercy University Medical Center600 E 233~(rd)StreetBronxNY 10466 Resident Internal Medicine Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center Chief Medical Resident Internal Medicine Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center

INTRODUCTION While Vit.B12 deficiency is common,with aprevalence of about 15% in the elderly,andrecommendations for treatment available,detectionof deficiency at the pre-clinical stage by appropriatescreening does not always take *** report isan example of life threatening Vit.B12 deficiencydiagnosed at age 56,with the onset of Vit.B12depletion likely to have begun in the

关键词： vitamin B12 deficiency/therapy anemia sickle cell gastric mucosa biopsy anemia pernicious toxicity

The RNA-binding protein Musashi2 governs osteoblast-adipocyte lineage commitment by suppressing PPARγsignaling

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Bone Research 2022年第3期10卷 536-547页

作者： Jinlong Suo Sihai Zou Jinghui Wang Yujiao Han Lingli Zhang Chenchen Lv Bo Jiang Qian Ren Long Chen Lele Yang Ping Ji Xianyou Zheng Ping Hu Weiguo Zou Department of Orthopedic surgery and Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital200233 ShanghaiChina Chongqing Key Laboratory of oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University401147 ChongqingChina State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences200031 ShanghaiChina Guangzhou Laboratory No.9 XingDaoHuan RoadGuanghzou International Bio lsland510005 GuangzhouChina Colorectal Cancer Center/Department of Gastrointestinal surgery Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina Bio-Research Innovation Center Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologySuzhouChina

Osteoporosis caused by aging is characterized by reduced bone mass and accumulated adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. How the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) is lost upon aging is still unclear. Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein Musashi2(Msi2) regulates BMSC lineage commitment. Msi2 is commonly enriched in stem cells and tumor cells. We found that its expression was downregulated during adipogenic differentiation and upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Msi2 knockout mice exhibited decreased bone mass with substantial accumulation of marrow adipocytes, similar to aging-induced osteoporosis. Depletion of Msi2 in BMSCs led to increased adipocyte commitment. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Msi2 deficiency led to increased PPARγ ***-interacting protein immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Msi2 could inhibit the translation of the key adipogenic factor Cebpα, thereby inhibiting PPAR signaling. Furthermore, the expression of Msi2 decreased significantly during the aging process of mice, indicating that decreased Msi2 function during aging contributes to abnormal accumulation of adipocytes in bone marrow and osteoporosis. Thus, our results provide a putative biochemical mechanism for aging-related osteoporosis, suggesting that modulating Msi2 function may benefit the treatment of bone aging.

关键词： adipocyte osteoporosis inhibiting