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Validity of fatty liver prediction scores for diagnosis of fatty liver by Fibroscan

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 353-360页

作者： Seogsong Jeong Sun Jae Park Seong Kyun Na Sang Min Park Byung-Cheol Song Yun Hwan Oh department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul 03080Korea department of Biomedical Informatics CHA University School of MedicineCHA UniversitySeongnam 13488Korea department of Internal medicine Inje University College of MedicineSeoul 50834Korea department of family medicine Seoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Korea department of Internal medicine Jeju National University HospitalJeju National University College of MedicineJeju 63241Korea department of family medicine Jeju National University HospitalJeju National University College of MedicineJeju 63241Korea department of family medicine Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong HospitalChung-Ang University College of MedicineGwangmyeong 14353Korea

Background:The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(K-NAFLD)score was recently developed with the intent to operationally define nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,there remained an external validation that confirmed its diagnostic performance,especially in patients with alcohol consumption or hepatitis virus ***:Diagnostic accuracy of the K-NAFLD score was evaluated in a hospital-based cohort consisting of 1388 participants who received Fibroscan®.Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and the contrast estimation of receiver operating characteristic curves were used for validation of the K-NAFLD score,fatty liver index(FLI),and hepatic steatosis index(HSI).Results:K-NAFLD-moderate[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.13-5.65]and K-NAFLD-high(aOR=4.14,95%CI:1.69-10.13)groups showed higher risks of fatty liver compared to the K-NAFLD-low group after adjustments for demographic and clinical characteristics,and FLI-moderate and FLI-high groups revealed aORs of 2.05(95%CI:1.22-3.43)and 1.51(95%CI:0.78-2.90),*** addition,the HSI was less predictive for Fibroscan®-defined fatty *** K-NAFLD and FLI also demonstrated high accuracy in the prediction of fatty liver in patients with alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis virus infection,and the adjusted area under curve values were comparable between K-NAFLD and ***:Externally validation of the K-NAFLD and FLI showed that these scores may be a useful,noninvasive,and non-imaging modality for the identification of fatty *** addition,these scores also predicted fatty liver in patients with alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis virus infection.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Fatty liver index Hepatic steatosis index

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning regimens and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in various diseases

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 32-41页

作者： Shahzaib Maqbool Maryam Farhan Baloch Muhammad Abdul Khaliq Khan Azeem Khalid Kiran Naimat department of medicine Holy Family HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan department of community medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahore 45000Pakistan department of community Dentistry Baqai Medical UniversityKarachi 43000Pakistan department of medicine Allama lqbal Medical CollegeLahore 45000Pakistan department of medicineLiaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Karachi 43000Pakistan

Conditioning regimens employed in autologous stem cell transplantation have been proven useful in various hematological disorders and underlying malignancies;however,despite being efficacious in various instances,negative consequences have also been *** conditioning regimens were extracted from various literature searches from databases like PubMed,Google scholar,EMBASE,and *** regimens for each disease were compared by using various end points such as overall survival(OS),progression free survival(PFS),and leukemia free survival(LFS).Variables were presented on graphs and analyzed to conclude a more efficacious conditioning *** multiple myeloma,the most effective regimen was high dose melphalan(MEL)given at a dose of 200/mg/*** comparative results of acute myeloid leukemia were presented and the regimens that proved to be at an admirable position were busulfan(BU)+MEL regarding OS and BU+VP16 regarding *** case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),BU,fludarabine,and etoposide(BuFluVP)conferred good disease control not only with a paramount improvement in survival rate but also low risk of ***,for ALL,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cell therapy was preferred in the context of better OS and *** respect to Hodgkin’s lymphoma,mitoxantrone(MITO)/MEL overtook carmustine,VP16,cytarabine,and MEL in view of PFS and vice versa regarding ***-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients were administered MITO(60 mg/m2)and MEL(180 mg/m2)which showed promising ***,amyloidosis was considered,and the regimen that proved to be competent was MEL 200(200 mg/m2).This review article demonstrates a comparison between various conditioning regimens employed in different diseases.

关键词： Conditioning regimens Multiple myeloma Lymphoma Hodgkin Non-Hodgkin Acute leukemia

Contraceptive behaviors and awareness in an urban slum community of south India

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第4期13卷 160-168页

作者： Monica Albert Sekhar Shanthi Edward Angeline Grace Sushmitha G Shirley Esther Priscilla department of community medicine Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital(SBMCH)ChennaiIndia

Objective:To assess the factors associated with knowledge,attitude and behavior of contraception use among urban slum population in ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban slum of Anakaputhur,*** couples between ages of 19-49 years and living in slum areas were taken up for the study by simple random *** women,postnatal and postmenopausal women were excluded from the *** collection was done using a pretested structured questionnaire focusing on details regarding contraception knowledge,attitude,and *** analysis was done using IBM SPSS version *** test like Chi square and odds ratio(OR)were used to identify association between knowledge,attitude,and behavior of contraception with the associated variables and enter method of logistic regression analysis was ***:Out of the 360 respondents,228 were females,with a mean age of(34±5)*** 43%demonstrated adequate knowledge of contraception use,and 91%were aware of at least one contraceptive ***,72%exhibited a positive attitude towards contraceptive ***,43%(155 individuals)did not utilize any contraceptive *** contraceptive users,intrauterine devices were the most commonly adopted,followed by barrier methods and female *** was significant association between knowledge of contraception and education(aOR 7.29,95%CI 2.93-18.10,P<0.05),age(aOR 2.04,95%CI 1.19-3.50,P<0.05)and socioeconomic class(aOR 3.66,95%CI 1.71-7.85,P<0.05;aOR 3.97,95%CI 2.12-7.49,P<0.05).Regarding attitude towards contraception use,education(aOR 8.54,95%CI 2.35-31.03,P<0.05),sex(aOR 0.15,95%CI 0.06-0.37,P<0.05),age(aOR 0.53,95%CI 0.28-0.99,P<0.05),socio-economic class(aOR 4.42,95%CI 1.97-9.92,P<0.05;aOR 9.83,95%CI 3.63-26.58,P<0.05)and number of children(aOR 10.04,95%CI 4.26-23.66,P<0.05)were the variables that had a significant ***:These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced d

关键词： family planning Unmet need Sterilization Knowledge Practice Urban slum

Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika Fujii Charles F.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell Charles F.Zorumski department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.

关键词： cognitive impairment glyphosate microglia neuroinflammation roundup toll-like receptor 4 zinc chelation

Emerging global interest:Unraveling the link between diabetes mellitus and depression

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第7期14卷 1127-1139页

作者： Samah W Al-Jabi department of Clinical and community Pharmacy College of Medicine and Health SciencesAn-Najah National UniversityNablus 44839Palestine

BACKGROUND Studies have shown a strong bidirectional association between diabetes and depression,with diabetes increasing the risk of developing depression and vice *** among patients with diabetes is associated with poor glycemic control,complications,and poor *** To explore the present state of research globally concerning diabetes and depression,to aid understanding the current research landscape and identify potential future areas of *** A bibliometric approach was used,utilizing the Scopus database to gather pertinent research articles released from 2004 to *** encompassed publication patterns,significant contributors,research focal points,prevalent themes,and the most influential articles,aimed at discerning emerging research *** A total of 3229 publications that met the search criteria were identified.A significant increase in the number of publications related to diabetes and depression has been observed in the past two *** most productive nation was the USA(n=1015;31.43%),followed by China(n=325;10.07%),the UK(n=236;7.31%),and Germany(n=218;6.75%).Three principal themes in research on depression and diabetes were delineated by the ***,the exploration of the elevated prevalence and etiology of this comorbidity;second,the focus on interventions,particularly randomized controlled trials,aimed at enhancing diabetes management among individuals with depression;and finally,the investigation of the involved risk factors and biological mechanisms under-lying this bidirectional *** There has been a recent surge of interest in the relationship between diabetes and *** could aid researchers to identify areas lacking in the literature and shape future research.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Depression Bibliometric Visualization Global

Exploring the Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Depression among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan Region

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第5期26卷 351-359页

作者： Abdullah A.Alharbi Ahmad Y.Alqassim Mohammed A.Muaddi Najat H.Aldubayyan Rana I.Abuhadi Futon A.Akoor Sarah J.Mobarki Imtenan A.Oberi Ghaidaa H.Alharbi Yara Ajeebi Adnan M.Alkhayat Hafiz Malhan Mohammed Bakkar Anwar M.Makeen family and community medicine department Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia Laboratory department King Fahd Central HospitalMinistry of HealthJazan45142Saudi Arabia Internal medicine department Prince Mohammad bin Nasser HospitalMinistry of HealthJazan45142Saudi Arabia Hematology department King AbdulAziz Medical City for National GuardRiyadh11426Saudi Arabia

Sickle Cell Anemia(SCA)is a prevalent genetic condition in Saudi Arabia,particularly in the Jazan *** study’s purpose was to assess the prevalence of de-pression among individuals with SCA in this area and to identify the factors associated with this *** study involved 391 adult participants,all patients in the hematology center of Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital(PMNH).Data was collected through an anonymous interview questionnaire–the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)–between March–May *** questionnaire covered socio-demographic information and variables related to the participant’s SCA history,such as pain levels,frequency of pain,hospitalization duration,and frequency of blood *** variables underwent Chi-square and One-way ANOVA testing,followed by multivariate *** study found a 42%prevalence of depression among the SCA *** significantly linked with heightened depression levels included being widowed or divorced,experiencing frequent and severe pain,and longer duration of hospital *** educational level of at least a bachelor’s degree was also a significant *** study reveals a high prevalence of depression among SCA patients in the Jazan *** underscores the need for policymakers to educate both physicians and patients about the importance of mental health in SCA *** study also highlights the need for more research into the specific causes and effects of depressive symptoms in SCA patients to inform the creation of effective management plans.

关键词： Sickle cell anemia prevalence depression public health policy Jazan region Saudi Arabia

Early endotracheal intubation is not associated with the rate of return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest at the emergency department:an exploratory analysis

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2024年第4期15卷 297-300页

作者： Siwat Neamjun Phichayut Phinyo Borwon Wittayachamnankul Wachira Wongtanasarasin department of Emergency medicine Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand department of family medicine Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand department of Emergency medicine University of California Davis School of MedicineSacramento 95817USA

Cardiac arrest poses a significant global public health challenge,manifesting in approximately 550,000 cases annually within the United States.[1]In-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)is commonly attributed to airways and respiratory issues.[2]Recommendations emphasize the expertise of responders in airway management.[3]Various options exist,such as chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),bag-mask ventilation(BMV),and advanced *** BMV and advanced airways are not deemed equivalent or superior based on previous evidence.[4]Achieving consistency in choosing and timing the optimal airway approach during IHCA is *** current American Heart Association guidelines suggest an advanced airway strategy when endotracheal intubation(ETI)success rates are high,but the optimal time for advanced airway management remains unclear.[5]Wong et al[6]revealed that survival improved by less than 5 min with advanced airway *** to a subgroup analysis of IHCA patients in emergency departments(EDs),early intubation was associated with a 1.5-fold greater rate of return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)than in other locations.[7]ED patients’constant monitoring and immediate management,with readily available intubation equipment,enhance early intubation and survival rates.[6]Nonetheless,IHCA patients intubated within the first 15 min had a lower ROSC rate.

关键词： intubation return annually

Targeting therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma by delivering microRNAs as exosomal cargo

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2369-2370页

作者： Takeshi Suda department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Uonuma Institute of Community MedicineNiigata University Medical and Dental HospitalMinami Uonuma 949-7302NiigataJapan

Exosomes,the smallest extracellular vesicles,have gained significant attention as key mediators in intercellular communication,influencing both physiological and pathological processes,particularly in cancer progression.A recent review article by Wang et al was published in a timely manner to stimulate future research and facilitate practical developments for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using exosomes,with a focus on the origin from which exosomes *** information about the mechanisms for delivering exosomes to specific cells is incorporated,the concept of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using exosomes could be more comprehensively understood.

关键词： Exosomal delivery Therapeutic targets MicroRNAs Hepatocellular carcinoma