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Whether to Abolish or Introduce Dual Regulation as Trade and Environmental Policy?

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China & World Economy 2024年第1期32卷 57-95页

作者： Yoshihiro Hamaguchi Department of economics Faculty of Economics and Business AdministrationKyoto University of Advanced ScienceJapan

China,which has already introduced an environmental tax in an effort to decarbonize,has recently begun emissions trading and is using two environmental policies in tandem,but there are concerns about the impact on growth and trade.Trade and environmental policies affect firms'entry and exit,resulting in changes in aggregate productivity and pollution emissions.This study compares the impacts of single regulation and dual regulation on welfare,using a research-and-development based growth model with heterogeneous firms.Under single regulation,the cleansing effect of trade liberalization could be undermined.Under dual regulation,trade liberalization decreases pollution and improves average productivity whereas decreasing total permits reduces pollution.From the perspective of improving welfare it is desirable to choose dual regulation because trade liberalization can reduce total pollution emissions via the cleansing effect of trade liberalization.

关键词： dual regulation heterogeneous firm Porter hypothesis research and development difficulty trade liberalization

Specialization and Coordination: New Paradigm, Theory, and Path for Regional Development

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China Economist 2024年第1期19卷 76-85页

作者： Lu Ming Xiang Kuanhu Li Pengfei Li Jiewei Zhong Yuejun Antai College of economics&Management Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina School of economics Shanghai UniversityShanghai School of economics and Management Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai faculty of economics and Management East China Normal UniversityShanghai

In its new development stage,China seeks to derive new dynamism from reform and opening up at a higher level to boost consumption and services.This process coincides with a further differentiation of comparative advantages across regions.Economic activity and population will continue to concentrate in clusters in coastal and central cities amid a continuous outflow of population from remote areas.Development expansion from coastal to interior regions and from central cities to the periphery will promote a new regional development paradigm of“dual centers and periphery”.Therefore,China’s regional development strategy should follow the new theory of seeking relative equilibrium amid development,identify regions of population inflow and outflow,and explore a new development path of regional specialization and coordination.By deepening market reforms and increasing central government coordination,the country is poised to improve the spatial allocation of resources and unleash institutional dividends in the process of developing a unified national market.

关键词： Regional development “dual centers-periphery” comparative advantage population migration

Six-Writings multimodal processing with pictophonetic coding to enhance Chinese language models

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 84-105页

作者： Li WEIGANG Mayara Chew MARINHO Denise Leyi LI Vitor Vasconcelos DE OLIVEIRA Department of Computer Science University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900Brazil faculty of economics AdministrationAccounting and ActuariesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-010Brazil

While large language models(LLMs)have made significant strides in natural language processing(NLP),they continue to face challenges in adequately addressing the intricacies of the Chinese language in certain scenarios.We propose a framework called Six-Writings multimodal processing(SWMP)to enable direct integration of Chinese NLP(CNLP)with morphological and semantic elements.The first part of SWMP,known as Six-Writings pictophonetic coding(SWPC),is introduced with a suitable level of granularity for radicals and components,enabling effective representation of Chinese characters and words.We conduct several experimental scenarios,including the following:(1)We establish an experimental database consisting of images and SWPC for Chinese characters,enabling dual-mode processing and matrix generation for CNLP.(2)We characterize various generative modes of Chinese words,such as thousands of Chinese idioms,used as question-and-answer(Q&A)prompt functions,facilitating analogies by SWPC.The experiments achieve 100%accuracy in answering all questions in the Chinese morphological data set(CA8-Mor-10177).(3)A fine-tuning mechanism is proposed to refine word embedding results using SWPC,resulting in an average relative error of≤25%for 39.37%of the questions in the Chinese wOrd Similarity data set(COS960).The results demonstrate that SWMP/SWPC methods effectively capture the distinctive features of Chinese and offer a promising mechanism to enhance CNLP with better efficiency.

关键词： Chinese language model Chinese natural language processing(CNLP) Generative language model Multimodal processing Six-Writings

Effects of the Resident Basic Medical Insurance Reform on Household Consumption in China

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China & World Economy 2024年第1期32卷 96-129页

作者： Shuheng Yu Xinxin Ma Peng Zhan School of Public Affairs Institute for Common Prosperity and DevelopmentZhejiang UniversityChina faculty of economics Hosei UniversityJapan

This paper investigates the causal relationship between the Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance(URRBMI)reform and household consumption in urban China using data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey and employing combination of the propensity score matching and difference-in-differences methods.The results yield three conclusions.First,the reform affected both the amount and share of household consumption.Specifically,the reform led to an increase in total household consumption,encompassing both medical and nonmedical expenditures.Among these,the proportion of medical consumption increased,while the proportion of nonmedical consumption reduced.Second,the impact of the URRBMI reform varied across consumption categories within nonmedical expenditure.Specifically,consumption for education and entertainment industries are positively impacted by the URRBMI reform in terms of both quantity and proportion.Third,low-income households benefit more from the URRBMI reform compared to middle-and high-income households.The main channels through which the URRBMI reform affects household consumption were the price effect and the crowding out effect on precautionary savings.

关键词： household consumption nonmedical consumption out-of-pocket expenses reimbursement ratio

Carnobacteria in fish

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 193-205页

作者： Einar Ring Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BioscienceFisheries and EconomicsUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9010Norway

Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria,within family Carnobacteriaceae,and they are catalase-and oxidase-negative,non-sporing bacteria with properties such as CO_(2)and L(+)-lactic acid production from glucose,but they are not able to grow on acetate agar.They are ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria and have been isolated from both cold and temperate environments,and they are identified as components of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract of salmonids and several other fish species of which Carnobacterium(piscicola)maltaromaticum,Carnobacterium mobile,Carnobacterium divergens,Carnobacterium alterfunitum,and Carnobacterium inhibens are reported.During the last two decades several studies have revealed that carnobacteria can act as probiotics to promote health benefits of fish,as well as they in ex vivo studies to some extent can out-compete pathogens.In addition to beneficial effects,information is available that some carnobacteria species causing fish disease.The aim of the present review is to present an updated overview of Carnobacterium in fish,with focus on their presence in the GI tract,their use as probiotic supplement and general information on pathogenic carnobacteria.

关键词： Carnobacterium Gastrointestinal tract Probiotics Fish health Pathogenic

Stock Markets,Financial Depth,and Economic Growth in China:Evidence from ARDLModel

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China Finance and Economic Review 2024年第1期13卷 88-111页

作者： Afef Bouattour Maha Kalai Kamel Helali Higher Institute of Business Administration of Sfax University of Sfax faculty of economics and Management of Sfax University of Sfax

The relationship between financial development and economic growth in China is controversial.From this perspective,this article aims to identify this relationship using both capital market and banking intermediation indicators,which were rarely considered in the previous literature.An autoregressive model with staggered lags(ARDL)examines the long-run cointegration relationship between 1980 and 2020.The results suggest that the contribution of different subsectors of the Chinese financial system to economic growth differs.The development of the money market has a negative impact,whereas market capitalization has a positive impact on economic growth in China.Regarding the contribution of the banking system to China's economic growth,the two variables measuring the depth of financial institutions showed opposite impacts in both the short and long term.Regarding important policy implications,regulators need to ensure a pro-growth environment,effectively regulate the informal banking system,and prevent potential financial risks by revising policies.

关键词： stock markets financial depth economic growth China ARDL

Recent Advances in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 406-429页

作者： Csaba Árvai László T.Mika Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology and BiotechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation(oxo-synthesis or Roelen reaction)and the Reppe-reaction,the transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions,providing versatile,facile,and even atom-economic methods for the selective incorporation of C=O functionality to various skeletons,have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial applications.The carbonylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds,aromatic halides,triflates,etc.,in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes,carboxylic acids,esters,amides,etc.,in the fine chemical industry.However,these protocols usually proceed in conventional,fossil-based,and usually toxic reaction environments.Thus,several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative,less harmful,non-fossil-based and even in renewable reaction media.In this review,we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water,biomass-based alcohols,γ-valerolactone(GVL),2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-MeTHF),ionic liquids(ILs),deep eutectic solvents(DES),alkyl levulinates,limonene,α-pinene,and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency,safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.

关键词： Carbonylation Catalysis Solvents Green chemistry Carbon monoxide Transition metals Homogeneous catalysis Palladium

A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Spectral Image Classification in Agricultural Applications Using Aerial Photography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 2967-3000页

作者： Usman Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Muhammad Ayub Latif Muhammad Naveed Muhammad Mansoor Alam Salman A.Khan Mazliham Mohd Su’ud College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi Institute of Economics and TechnologyKarachi75190Pakistan faculty of Computing and Informatics(FCI) Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityIslamabad46000Pakistan faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

Recently,there has been a notable surge of interest in scientific research regarding spectral images.The potential of these images to revolutionize the digital photography industry,like aerial photography through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs),has captured considerable attention.One encouraging aspect is their combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms,which have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in image classification.As a result of this powerful amalgamation,the adoption of spectral images has experienced exponential growth across various domains,with agriculture being one of the prominent beneficiaries.This paper presents an extensive survey encompassing multispectral and hyperspectral images,focusing on their applications for classification challenges in diverse agricultural areas,including plants,grains,fruits,and vegetables.By meticulously examining primary studies,we delve into the specific agricultural domains where multispectral and hyperspectral images have found practical use.Additionally,our attention is directed towards utilizing machine learning techniques for effectively classifying hyperspectral images within the agricultural context.The findings of our investigation reveal that deep learning and support vector machines have emerged as widely employed methods for hyperspectral image classification in agriculture.Nevertheless,we also shed light on the various issues and limitations of working with spectral images.This comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the current state of spectral imaging in agriculture and its potential for future advancements.

关键词： Machine learning deep learning unmanned aerial vehicles multi-spectral images image recognition object detection hyperspectral images aerial photography

Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 80-92页

作者： Anastasia CHAPLITSKAYA Wim HEIJMAN Johan van OPHEM Agricultural economics and Rural Policy Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700 ABNetherlands Department of Foreign Languages Stavropol State Agrarian UniversityStavropol355017Russia Department of economics Faculty of Economics and ManagementCzech University of Life SciencesPrague16500Czech Urban economics Group Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700 ABNetherlands

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable economy.New strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job opportunities.This is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as Russia.In this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,Russia.We collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban areas.By computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban areas.Results of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and customs.However,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government programs.Policy-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

关键词： Well-being Sustainable development Rural areas Urban areas Principal component analysis(PCA) Russia