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Theoretical framework of the Isfahani style: Inspiring sustainable aspects of a vernacular urban development

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 349-369页

作者： Hatef Jafari Sharami Seyed Jamalaldin Hosseini Department of Architecture and Urbanism University of EyvanekeyEyvanekey 99888-35918Iran faculty of civil and Architecture University of EyvanekeyEyvanekey 99888-35918Iran

The Isfahani style represents a method of traditional Iranian architecture and urban development that existed in the early 20th century and is regarded as a leading model in most traditional Iranian cities. It exhibits several vigorous features contributing to its recognition as a traditional approach to sustainable architecture and urban development. This research endeavors to reveal a theoretical framework beneath these inspiring aspects using the typology of sustainable modern forms, including the hierarchy, passive design strategies, compactness, density, diversity, mixed land use, pluralism, balance, good composition, and integration over time. To this end, the study employs qualitative research methods, drawing from traditional samples, to identify innovative, energy and socially efficient, and low-impact strategies implemented in this vernacular architecture of Iran's semi-arid and hot climates. The findings revealed that the neighborhood concept as a local and plural community (Mahalla) was a vital phenomenon in Iran's urban development. Apparently, the demise of this paradigm effectively played an important role in the numerous challenges regarding the social, energy, and economic viability of modern Iranian cities. Hence, this study presented theoretical frameworks—aligned with sustainable concepts—from the Isfahani style through its analysis, classification, and interpretation, which can contribute to modern urban development.

关键词： Isfahani style Vernacular urban development Sustainable urban development Iranian cities Vernacular architecture

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The Economic Demands on the Method of Founding a passive Brick House on Foamed Glass Granulate

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Journal of civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第5期18卷 218-222页

作者： Marek Jašek faculty of civil Engineering VSB-TU of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic

The cost of acquisition of a passive house is a little higher than that of a conventional *** design of a passive house should include not only thermal protection and stability of the construction,but it must also take into account the price demands on each of the proposed structures and solution of *** paper deals with the financial comparison of the traditional method of a foundation on the foundation strips of plain concrete and the modern method of founding a passive house as brick construction on the reinforced concrete slab base with a compact subsoil layer of thermal insulation in the form of granules of foamed glass.

关键词： passive house financial comparison granules of foamed glass

Low-carbon design towards sustainable city development: Integrating glass space with natural greenery

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2659-2674页

作者： CAO Shi-Jie ZHANG CunKuan WANG JunQi FENG ZhuangBo CHEN Gang HAGHIGHAT Fariborz School of Architecture Southeast University Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Urban Heat and Pollution Control Southeast University Global Centre for Clean Air Research Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Surrey The Third Construction Co. Ltd. of China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Energy and Environment Group Department of BuildingCivil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University

The rapid urban development has caused serious problems such as high energy consumption and carbon emissions, especially under the context of climate change. Buildings are particularly energy-intensive, generating about one third of global energyrelated carbon emissions. Compared with active solutions(like mechanical systems), passive solutions offer the potential to balance energy consumption, thermal comfort, and ecological benefits. One potential solution is the integration of green glass space(GGS) into passive building design. GGS is a transitional building space with glass curtain walls that exhibit excellent insulation performance during winter. However, GGS is susceptible to overheating during summer, which limits its ***, this work proposes a strategy of integrating vertical greenery into GGS, leveraging the nature-based solution of greenery(i.e., flourishes in summer and withers in winter) to address this seasonal challenge of GGS. The results demonstrated that the strategic application of vertical greenery can effectively mitigate the overheating in GGS and improve comprehensive benefits. By using full coverage of vertical greenery in a linear layout, the air temperature of GGS and cooling energy consumption were largely reduced by 8.02℃ and 12.2%, respectively, while the carbon abatement was enhanced by up to 101.11 tons. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of energy, economy, and environmental benefits, it is recommended to use a greenery configuration with 50% coverage in a vertical linear layout for GGS. The integration of greenery into building design can mitigate adverse environmental impacts, reduce energy consumption, and contribute to the sustainable development of low-carbon cities.

关键词： low-carbon design green glass space vertical greenery greenery configuration carbon abatement

Mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete composites with hybrid steel fibers

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Frontiers of Structural and civil Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 615-623页

作者： FatihÖZALP Halit Dilşad YILMAZ Burcu AKCAY Department of civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIstanbul Medeniyet Universityİstanbul 34700Turkey ISTON Istanbul Concrete Elements Factoriesİstanbul 34325Turkey faculty of Engineering Kocaeli UniversityKocaeli 41000Turkey

The aim of this study is to develop concrete composites that are resistant to armor-piercing projectiles for defense *** reinforcement configurations have been tested,such as short steel fibers,long steel fibers,and steel mesh *** different concrete mix designs were prepared as“Ultra High Performance(UHPFRC),High Performance(HPFRC)and Conventional(CFRC)Fiber Reinforced Concrete”.The content of hybrid steel fibers was approximately 5%in the UHPFRC and HPFRC mixtures,while the steel fiber content was approximately 2.5%in the CFRC *** addition,a plain state of each mixture was *** properties of concrete were determined in experimental *** addition to the fracture energy and impact strength,two important indicators of ballistic performance of concrete are examined,which are the penetration depth and damage *** results of the study show that the depth of penetration in UHPFRC was around 35%less than that in *** was determined that the mixtures of UHPFRC and HPFRC containing 5%by volume of hybrid steel fibers showed superior performance(smaller crater diameter and the less projectile penetration depth)against armor-piercing projectiles in ballistic tests and could be used in defense structures.

关键词： projectile impact depth of penetration fracture energy crater diameter UHPFRC

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Underground logistics systems:Development overview and new prospects in China

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2023年第2期10卷 354-359页

作者： Wanjie HU Jianjun DONG Rui REN Zhilong CHEN faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Science Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China College of defense Engineering Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210007China

1 Introduction Underground logistics systems(ULSs)are a set of self-contained,multimodal,and intelligent physical distribution concepts that enable the automated movement of goods via tunnels and underground pipelines installed within and between cities(Visser,2018).ULSs are also recognized as the fifth type of logistics and generic supply system after seaways,airlines,roads,and railways(Qian and Guo,2007).

关键词： underground enable logistics

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Underground storage tank blowout analysis:Stability prediction using an artificial neural network

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2023年第4期4卷 366-379页

作者： Nhat Tan Duong Van Qui Lai Jim Shiau Rungkhun Banyong Suraparb Keawsawasvong faculty of civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HCMUT)VNU-HCMHo Chi Minh CityVietnam School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba 4350QLDAustralia Research Unit in Sciences and Innovative Technologies for civil Engineering Infrastructures Department of Civil EngineeringThammasat School of EngineeringThammasat UniversityPathumthani 12120Thailand

Most geotechnical stability research is linked to“active”failures,in which soil instability occurs due to soil self-weight and external surcharge *** contrast,research on passive failure is not common,as it is predominately caused by external loads that act against the soil *** earlier active trapdoor stability investigation using the Terzaghi’s three stability factor approach was shown to be a feasible method for evaluating cohesive-frictional soil ***,this technical note aims to expand“active”trapdoor research to assess drained circular trapdoor passive stability(blowout condition)in cohesive-frictional soil under axisymmetric *** numerical finite element limit analysis(FELA)simulations,soil cohesion,surcharge,and soil unit weight effects are considered using three stability factors(Fc,Fs,and Fγ),which are all associated with the cover-depth ratio and soil internal friction *** upper-bound(UB)and lower-bound(LB)results are presented in design charts and tables,and the large dataset is further studied using an artificial neural network(ANN)as a predictive model to produce accurate design *** proposed passive trapdoor problem under axisymmetric conditions is significant when considering soil blowout stability owing to faulty underground storage tanks or pipelines with high internal pressures.

关键词： Blowout passive stability Trapdoor Stability factors Limit analysis

Role of architectural space in blast-resistant buildings

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2013年第1期2卷 67-73页

作者： Mahdi Bitarafan Sayed Bagher Hosseini Sayed Javad hashemi-fesharaki Armin Esmailzadeh Department of civil Engineering Engineering Research Institution of Natural Disaster Shakhes Pajouh Isfahan Iran School of Architecture and Environmental Design Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Department of passive defense University of Imam-Hossein Tehran Iran MSc student at Structural Engineering Faculty of Engineering Central Tehran Branch Azad University (IAUCTB) Tehran Iran

The design of all spatial scares in a manufactured environment is part of the architectural skills and knowtedge. Therefore, an architectural design should be drafted to reduce the vulnerability of humans and buildings against unexpected events, such as terrorist attacks and bombardments. Human casualties and equipment destruction inside the buitdings coutd be prevented by designing a suitabte architectural space. This study addresses the absence of a codified and detaited criterion to evatuate architecturat spaces and their design. Hence, art proposed indices for architectural spaces have been extracted using the ideas of experts in the field of architecture and exptosives. Questionnaires were presented to 25 experts to weigh the effective indices using the anatytic hierarchy process method. The human-oriented （ergonomic） characteristics of the buitding space is found to be the most important factor in facilitating crisis management, followed by the Location of criticat spaces.

关键词： Architectural space Building Explosion Index

Power maximization of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines using passive adaptive neural fault tolerant control

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第3期12卷 377-388页

作者： Hamed HABIBI Hamed RAHIMI NOHOOJI Ian HOWARD faculty of Science and Engineering School of Civil and MechanicalEngineering Curtin University Perth Australia

Power maximization has always been a practical consideration in wind turbines. The question of how to address optimal power capture, especially when the system dynamics are nonlinear and the actuators are subject to unknown faults, is significant. This paper studies the control methodology for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines including the effects of uncertain nonlinear dynamics, system fault uncertainties, and unknown external disturbances. The nonlinear model of the wind turbine is presented, and the problem of maximizing extracted energy is formulated by designing the optimal desired states. With the known system, a model-based nonlinear controller is designed; then, to handle uncertainties, the unknown nonlinearities of the wind turbine are estimated by utilizing radial basis function neural networks. The adaptive neural fault tolerant control is designed passively to be robust on model uncertainties, disturbances including wind speed and model noises, and completely unknown actuator faults including generator torque and pitch actuator torque. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to prove that the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded. Simulation studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： wind turbine nonlinear model maximum power tracking passive fault tolerant control adaptive neural control

A new receiver clock model to enhance BDS-3 real-time PPP time transfer with the PPP-B2b service

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Satellite Navigation 2023年第1期4卷 1-12,I0002页

作者： Yulong Ge Qing Wang Yong Wang Daqian Lyu Xinyun Cao Fei Shen Xiaolin Meng School of Marine Science and Engineering Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Jiangsu Province Institute of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Nanjing 210013China College of Electronic Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China faculty of Architecture Civiland Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyCASWuhan 430077China GNSS Research Center Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

A new Precise Point Positioning(PPP)service,called the PPP-B2b service,has been implemented in the BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System(BDS-3),which brings new opportunities for time ***,the solution using the traditional PPP method with the PPP-B2b correction still absorbs some unknown errors and needs reconverging when there exist abnormal *** developed a new receiver clock model to improve PPP time transfer using the PPP-B2b *** traditional PPP time transfers using PPP-B2b with BDS-3,Global Positioning System(GPS),and BDS-3/GPS(Scheme1)are compared with the corresponding time transfer with the proposed clock model(Scheme2).The results show that GPS-only PPP is not recommended because of low accuracy of 2 ***-3 or BDS-3/GPS PPP time transfers in Scheme1 can realize about 0.2 ns *** the new clock model is applied,the accuracy can be improved by up to 45%and 39.8%for BDS-3 and BDS-3/GPS PPP,*** proposed clock model can signifcantly improve the short-term frequency stability by 57.4%,but less for the long-term stability.

关键词： PPP-B2b BDS-3 Time transfer Receiver clock model