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Dynamics of CO_2 Emission and Biochemical Properties of a Sandy Calcareous Soil Amended with Conocarpus Waste and Biochar

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 46-56页

作者： Mohamed EL-MAHROUKY Ahmed Hamdy EL-NAGGAR Adel Rabie USMAN Mohammad Al-WABEL Soil Science Department College of Food & Agriculture Sciences King Saud University Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Ain Shams University Department of Soils and Water Faculty of Agriculture Assiut University

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of food & agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon metabolic quotient microbial biomass carbon power function kinetic model soil pH

Methods to improve the quality of low-salt meat products:a meta-analysis

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food Quality and Safety 2023年第2期7卷 205-216页

作者： Jiaxin Yin Pangzhen Zhang Zhongxiang Fang School of agriculture and food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Low-salt meat(salt content<2%)is gaining popularity for its lower health risks,while the food industry faces technical challenges in improving its ***-one studies involving meat quality improvement measures in low-sal... 详细信息

Low-salt meat(salt contentfood industry faces technical challenges in improving its ***-one studies involving meat quality improvement measures in low-salt meat products were included in this *** outcomes of these studies were assessed to derive conclusions about their effects on meat hardness and cooking *** results demon-strated that higher power ultrasound treatments(300-1500 W)significantly increased the hardness of low-salt meat,while a similar outcome was also achieved by low-strength(50-200 MPa)high-pressure processing(HPP)treatment,which was beneficial for alleviating the undesirable too-soft texture of the low-salt meat ***,when salt reduction was greater than 50%,the application of ultrasonic *** HPP of 50-200 MPa significantly reduced the cooking losses,and the addition of hydrocolloids also increased the cooking yield of the salt-reduced meat *** all the interventions,HPP exhibited the most significant effects in low-salt meat quality improvement,which warrants future studies on the combination of this method with salt reduction strategies in the reduction of salt content in processed meat products.

关键词： Processed meat meat quality improvement ultrasound high-pressure processing hydrocolloids

Nutrients accumulation in drainage channel sediments

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第2期32卷 180-185页

作者： Radovan Savic Gabrijel Ondrasek Ljubomir Letic Vesna Nikolic Vjekoslav Tanaskovik faculty of agriculture University of Novi Sad faculty of agriculture University of Zagreb faculty of Forestry University of Belgrade faculty of Agricultural Sciences and food Ss.Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje

The drainage channel network in Vojvodina,northern part of the Republic of Serbia,in total length of around 20,000 km,transfers excessive(under)ground waters from around 2.15 million ha of *** are mostly in direct connection with the surrounding arable agricultural land and are exposed to different run-off,leaching and/or wind erosion *** to urban areas,some channel sections serve as recipients of unrefined sewage and industrial waste *** flows and velocities,as well as the transportable capacity of fluvial materials(sediments) are relatively ***,in combination with other natural and anthropogenic impacts,contributes to sediment generation in the drainage channel *** on around 100 sediment samples from 46 channels,concentrations of primary nutrients(N,P and K) were elaborated in this *** concentrations of macronutrients in the channel sediments(e.g.N 1-1.2%,P 100-265 and K 100-380 mg 100 g-1) exceeded their content in surrounding arable land by a few ***,significantly higher nutrient concentrations(in average by 50%) were detected in downstream(***) channel *** excessive presence of observed elements in channel sediments,due to interactive processes between water and sediment material,can adversely influence the water quality and life conditions for channel biota and caused other negative environmental impacts such as *** results clearly confirm that the processes of nutrient accumulation in channel sediments are greater than those in the surrounding,mostly intensively arable land *** erosion of unprotected agricultural areas and sediment transport as the most important pollution pathways from the drainage basin to channel network may be essential factors responsible for detected condition of nutrient accumulation.

关键词： Drainage channels Sediments,N,P,K Erosion

Effects of water and salt coordinated regulation at the different growth stages on water consumption and yield of tomato

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第4期14卷 96-105页

作者： Weihua Wang Yidan Gong faculty of agriculture and food Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different degrees of water and salt stress on the actual water consumption and soil salt accumulation of tomatoes and the salt tolerance characteristics of tomatoes under brackish water combined with regulated deficit irrigation *** greenhouse pot experiment was used to set three influencing factors,the irrigation water salinity S1 was 1.1 g/L(local shallow groundwater),S2 was 2.0 g/L,and S3 was 4.0 g/L,respectively,and different degrees of water deficit(W1 ranged from 65%-75%Field Capacity(FC),W2 ranged from 55%-65%FC,W3 ranged from 45%-55%FC)and seedling stage(T1),blossoming and bearing fruits stage(T2)and mature picking stage(T3).The response of fresh fruit weight,stems and leaves weight,yield and water use efficiency of tomato under water and salt stress were monitored and *** results showed the coordinated regulation of water and salt can significantly reduce the electrical conductivity of the 0-30 cm soil of the tomato root *** higher the salinity of irrigation water,the better the salt control effects of the coordinated regulation of water and salt;the coordinated regulation of water and salt at different growth stages had significant effects on the weight of fresh tomato fruits,the weight of stems and leaves and the *** salinity of irrigation water was in inverse proportion to the yield of tomatoes;In S1 treatment irrigation(irrigation water salinity was 1.1 g/L)under the mildly regulated deficit in the seedling stage(irrigation water was 55%-65%of the field water capacity)can effectively reduce the irrigation water volume during the whole growth stage while ensuring that there was no significant reduction in *** research results provided a scientific and reliable theoretical basis for the increase of local tomato production,the improvement of water use efficiency and the formulation of suitable irrigation patterns.

关键词： tomato coordinated regulation of water and salt soil electrical conductivity water consumption yield

Potential biotherapeutic properties of lactic acid bacteria in foods

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food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 942-950页

作者： Zerrin Erginkaya Gozde Konuray-Altun Cukurova University Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Food Engineering01330AdanaTurkey

Today,the use of microorganisms to produce substances that can be consumable,used as a food ingredient and have a positive effect on consumer health is attracting attention and studies in this field are ***,the therapeutic products produced by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry to create desirable characteristics of *** addition to the positive effects of LAB,probiotics and synbiotics have been known for many years,many studies examining postbiotics and paraprobiotics have attracted attention in recent *** therapeutic products obtained from different LAB may have different properties and should be investigated *** this paper,the biotherapeutic substances produced by LAB and their effects on health are summarized.

关键词： Biotherapeutic Lactic acid bacteria Paraprobiotic Postbiotic Probiotic Synbiotic

Brief review on climate change and tropical peatlands

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 373-380页

作者： Lee Yit Leng Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisKampus Uniciti Alam Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus agriculture and Environment Borneo Eco-Science Research CenterFaculty of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus Institute of Tropical agriculture and food Security Universiti Putra Malaysia Crop Production Programme Faculty of Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia Sabah Sustainable Palm Oil Research Unit (SPOR) Faculty of Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia Sabah

In 2008, the very extensive tropical peats were estimated to be about 182 million ha spanning South America, Asia and Africa. About 20.3%(36.9 million ha) of this area exist in Asia. Peats are classified based on their degree of decomposition, namely Fibrists, Hemists, Saprists and Folists. This makes them different in characteristics. The activities of microorganisms vary in different types of peat due to, for example, the sapric layer of well humified peat can provide water and food to microorganisms during heat stress. In another scenario, deeper peat is older and typically has lower levels of labile carbon to provide substrate for microbes compared to surface peat. A complete understanding of the microbial communities in different layers of peat is essential as microorganisms play major roles in peat decomposition and are important to ecosystem processes. These peats are a very important global carbon(C)store or reserve and could severely impact climate change if not managed well. Peatlands can store as much as 40 to 90 Gt C. Mis-management of peats could severely impact the environment particularly the emission of carbon into the atmosphere. For instance, clearing of peatlands using fire has been reported to release an estimated 88 t C ha^(-1) to the atmosphere. There are several factors which influence the environmental consequences of tropical peat especially in relation to climate change. The main influences are:(i) changes in temperature,(ii) changes in precipitation or rainfall,(iii) changes in atmospheric composition, and(iv) fire and haze. This paper is a brief review on these four influences in relation to climate change. It is apparent from the brief review that there is a need for continued short and long-term research to better understand tropical peats and how they affect our climate. This will hopefully provide the basis for predicting better what could happen under various scenarios.

关键词： Tropical peats Climate change Carbon Methane Decomposition Microorganisms

The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 299-311页

作者： Payam Vahmani Cletos Mapiye Nuria Prieto David C.Rolland Tim A.Mc Allister Jennifer L.Aalhus Michael E.R.Dugan agriculture and Agri-food Canada Lacombe Research Centre Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agri SciencesStellenbosch University Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Alberta agriculture and Agri-food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre

Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3（n-3） fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products,including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.

关键词： Beef Biohydrogenation products Lipids n-3 fatty acids Rumenic acid Vaccenic acid

Designing price-contingent vegetable rotation schedules using agent-based simulation

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2018年第2期17卷 461-472页

作者： LI Jing Daniel Rodriguez WANG Hao-xiang WU Liu-san faculty of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural University Queensland Alliance for agriculture and food Innovation (QAAFI) University of Queensland

Chinese vegetable production cooperatives supply their members, mostly smallholder farmers, with a rotation schedule for the year. Since vegetable prices are not stable throughout the year, designing a rotation schedule that maximizes expected profits, distributes farmers＇ profits more equitably, maintains the diversity of produce in the market, and reduces the risk of pests and diseases, requires adaptive, price-contingent rotation schedules（here, called ＂self-adaptive adjustment＂）. This study uses an agent-based simulation（ABS） to design self-adaptive rotation schedules that deliver these aims. The selfadaptive adjustment strategy was more profitable for farmers when faced with price volatility, and more equitable as well. This work provides a decision-support tool for managers of Chinese vegetable production cooperatives to provide farmers with more profitable and equitable rotation schedules.

关键词： operation research in agriculture self-adaptive algorithm cooperatives market fluctuation

Effects of Tinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract on seedling growth of rice and associated weed species in hydroponic culture

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1521-1531页

作者： Farzad Aslani Abdul Shukor Juraimi Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi Md Amirul Alam Md Abdul Hakim Md Kamal Uddin Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Institute of Tropical agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) School of agriculture Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

The study was conducted to evaluate the responses of rice and rice weed seedlings （barnyardgrass and weedy rice） at the three-leaf stage toTinospora tuberculata leaf methanol extract （3.12, 6.25 and 12.5 g L–1） under hydroponic culture. It shows that the leaf methanol extract had various degrees effects depending on target plant species and each tested index （biomass, root length, shoot length, transpiration volume, chlorophyla, chlorophylb and carotenoid contents）. The effec-tive concentration of the leaf extract capable of reducing 50% of rice growth was higher than those of target weed species. Moreover, the root length was more tolerant to leaf methanol extract in comparison to the other plant parameters measured. A greater reduction was observed in chlorophyla content compared to chlorophylb and carotenoid. The results revealed that the reduction of transpiration volume closely coincided with the magnitude of growth inhibition of tested plants. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography analysis revealed 11 of 32 peaks in chemical proifle, including benzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, isovitexin, orientin,p-anisic acid, syringic acid,trans-cinnamic acid,trans-ferulic acid, and vitexin have the same retention time with those peaks of the extract. The amount of compounds was present in the range of between 4817 and 115.5 mg kg–1 dry weight （DW）. The concentration-response bioassay of al 11 individual compounds and their equimolar mixture against the seeds of barnyardgrass revealed their contribution in the alelopahic activity ofT. tuberculata leaf extract. The examined compounds and their combination exhibited various degrees of growth inhibitory effects on the early growth of barnyardgrass. Therefore, the speciifc number, concentration, combination and inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds leads to alelopathy activity ofT. tuberculata leaves which could be employable directly as a natural herbicide and its growth inhibitor compounds can be used

关键词： alelochemicals identiifcation and quantiifcation natural herbicide UFLC weed control