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A plant growth chamber system equipped with aerosol generators for studying aerosol-vegetation interactions

Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 122-132页

作者： Masao Gen Seiji Ikawa Masahiro Yamaguchi Fong Zyin Lim Takeshi Izuta I.Wuled Lenggoro Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan faculty of agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan Institute of agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan

Understanding aerosol-vegetation interactions is vital in ***,the interactions remain elusive partly due to the lack of suitable plant growth chamber ***,deposition of submicron particles on leaf surfaces is challenging due to its low deposition velocities compared to larger *** this work,we present a plant-growth chamber that was used to study the effect of sub-micron black carbon(BC)particles on the growth and photosynthesis of *** chamber system simultaneously enables the growth of multiple plants in pots and the deposition of submicron particles onto *** spraying methods assisted by ultrasonic and electrostatic forces were employed as aerosol generators to realize the particle *** flow regime inside the chamber was numeri-cally calculated to predict the transportation of aerosol particles,suggesting the optimal operating conditions of the *** gas-phase particle size distribution measurements showed that gener-ated BC particles were suspended in submicron diameter *** aerosol generators were examined in the chamber using three conductor and insulator substrates as a model of plant *** observations and spectroscopic analysis ascertained that submicron BC particles generated from our generators were deposited on all substrate *** the developed chamber system,systematic studies can be performed to advance the fundamental understanding of aerosol-vegetation interactions.

关键词： Aerosol Exposure chamber Spray drying Black carbon

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Subpicosecond laser ablation behavior of a magnesium target and crater evolution:Molecular dynamics study and experimental validation

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 613-622页

作者：江国龙周霞 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsFaculty of Vehicle Engineering and MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The micro-ablation processes and morphological evolution of ablative craters on single-crystal magnesium under subpicosecond laser irradiation are investigated using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations and *** simulation results exhibit that the main failure mode of single-crystal Mg film irradiated by a low fluence and long pulse width laser is the ejection of surface atoms,which has laser-induced high ***,under high fluence and short pulse width laser irradiation,the main damage mechanism is nucleation fracture caused by stress wave reflection and superposition at the bottom of the *** addition,Mg[0001] has higher pressure sensitivity and is more prone to ablation than Mg[0001].The evolution equation of crater depth is established using multi-pulse laser ablation simulation and verified by *** results show that,under multiple pulsed laser irradiation,not only does the crater depth increase linearly with the pulse number,but also the quadratic term and constant term of the fitted crater profile curve increase linearly.

关键词： laser-material interaction molecular dynamics(MD)simulation ablation crater morphology magnesium

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Gut microbiota intervention attenuates thermogenesis in broilers exposed to high temperature through modulation of the hypothalamic 5‑HT pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 679-698页

作者： Sheng Li Xiaoqing Li Kai Wang Yansen Li Kentaro Nagaoka Chunmei Li Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology Department of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183‑8509Japan

Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated *** microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the *** study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"*** Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of *** 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis ***,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT *** analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control *** contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclus

关键词： 5-HT Broiler chickens Gut microbiota Thermogenesis Thermoregulation

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen faculty of agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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The application of omics technologies for understanding tropical plants-based bioactive compounds in ruminants:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1376-1390页

作者： Metha Wanapat Gamonmas Dagaew Sukruthai Sommai Maharach Matra Chaichana Suriyapha Rittikeard Prachumchai Uswatun Muslykhah Srisan Phupaboon Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center(TROFREC) Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen 40002Thailand Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of Technology ThanyaburiRajamangala Pathum Thani 12130Thailand

Finding out how diet impacts health and metabolism while concentrating on the functional qualities and bioactive components of food is the crucial scientific objective of nutritional research. The complex relationship between metabolism and nutrition could be investigated with cutting-edge "omics" and bioinformatics techniques. This review paper provides an overview of the use of omics technologies in nutritional research, with a particular emphasis on the new applications of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomes in functional and biological activity research on ruminant livestock and products in the tropical regions. A wealth of knowledge has been uncovered regarding the regulation and use of numerous physiological and pathological processes by gene, m RNA, protein, and metabolite expressions under various physiological situations and guidelines. In particular, the components of meat and milk were assessed using omics research utilizing the various methods of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomes. The goal of this review is to use omics technologies—which have been steadily gaining popularity as technological tools—to develop new nutritional, genetic, and leadership strategies to improve animal products and their quality control. We also present an overview of the new applications of omics technologies in cattle production and employ nutriomics and foodomics technologies to investigate the microbes in the rumen ecology. Thus, the application of state-of-the-art omics technology may aid in our understanding of how species and/or breeds adapt, and the sustainability of tropical animal production, in the long run, is becoming increasingly important as a means of mitigating the consequences of climate change.

关键词： Animal nutrition Animal production Cutting-edge Molecular markers Ruminants

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Changes in climatic conditions drive variations in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and composition in semi-arid oak forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 106-119页

作者： Nahid Jafarian Javad Mirzaei Reza Omidipour Yahya Kooch Department of Forest Science Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran Department of Range and Watershed Management Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam 69315-516Iran faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)play a vital role in plant productivity and ecosystem ***,their responses to abiotic factors(i.e.,climate,physiography,and soil properties)are unknown,especially across climatic gradients and slope aspects in arid and semi-arid *** this study,using 60 composite soil samples,direct and indirect effects of climate factors and slope aspects on AMF diversity,composition and spore density were *** findings indicate that climate has a more direct influ-ence on soil properties(P<0.001)in comparison to slope aspect(P=0.449).In contrast,climate significantly affected AMF diversity and composition,with the highest diversity in dryer *** pH had the highest correlation with different facets of AMF *** equation modeling(SEM)indicated that only a small part of the variation in AMF diversity and spore density could be explained by climate characteristics,slope aspect and soil *** on SEM results,climate was the most important determinant of AMF diversity and spore density;slope aspect had a less critical *** outputs suggest that variations in AMF diversity are derived by the direct effects of climate and the indirect effect of soil chemical *** addition,with increasing dryness,sporulation and AMF diversity increased.

关键词： AMF diversity and composition Physiographic factors Semi-arid ecosystems Zagros forest

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Image attention transformer network for indoor 3D object detection

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2176-2190页

作者： REN KeYan YAN Tong HU ZhaoXin HAN HongGui ZHANG YunLu faculty of Information technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Point clouds and RGB images are both critical data for 3D object detection. While recent multi-modal methods combine them directly and show remarkable performances, they ignore the distinct forms of these two types of data. For mitigating the influence of this intrinsic difference on performance, we propose a novel but effective fusion model named LI-Attention model, which takes both RGB features and point cloud features into consideration and assigns a weight to each RGB feature by attention ***, based on the LI-Attention model, we propose a 3D object detection method called image attention transformer network(IAT-Net) specialized for indoor RGB-D scene. Compared with previous work on multi-modal detection, IAT-Net fuses elaborate RGB features from 2D detection results with point cloud features in attention mechanism, meanwhile generates and refines 3D detection results with transformer model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms stateof-the-art performance on two widely used benchmarks of indoor 3D object detection, SUN RGB-D and NYU Depth V2, while ablation studies have been provided to analyze the effect of each module. And the source code for the proposed IAT-Net is publicly available at https://***/wisper181/IAT-Net.

关键词： 3D object detection transformer attention mechanism

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Large magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties of EuRhO3

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1724-1729页

作者： M.Lassri M.Sajieddine A.Elouafi A.El Hachmi S.El Ouahbi R.Moubah Laboratory of Energy and Materials Engineering (LGEM) University of Sultan Moulay SlimaneFaculty of Science and Technology (FST) Institute of Applied Physics (IAP)-School of industrial Management (EMINES) Mohammed Ⅵ Polytechnic University National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) University of Sultan Moulay Slimane Laboratory of Mechanics Production and Industrial Engineering (LMPGI)Higher School of Technology of Casablanca (ESTC)University of Hassan Ⅱ Casablanca Laboratory of Radiation on Matter and Instrumentation (LRMI) Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) SettatHassan Ⅰ University Laboatory of Physics of Advanced Materials and Thermic (LPMAT) Faculty of Science Ain Chock (FSAC)University of Hassan Ⅱ Casablanca

We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of *** oxidation states of Eu and Rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.It is found that the Eu ions are mainly in the divalent oxidation state while the Rh ions have+4 ***3powders are found to be antiferromagnetic with a second order magnetic transition at Neel temperature（TN=2.9 K）.Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature data in terms of the Curie=Weiss law:(χ=C/（T-θW）) for T>TN,yields θW=-3.1 K and effective magne tic moment ■,which is close to the theoretical value ■.The magnetic entropy change(-ΔSM),was determined by em ploying the thermodynam ic Maxwell's *** μ0H=5 T and near TN,■ and relative cooling power（RCP） exhibit large values of 33.7 J/（kg·K） and 238 J/kg,*** large magnitude of-ΔSMand RCP show that the EuRhO3compound could be a potential candidate to be used in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： Cryogenic magnetic refrigeration Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect Rare earths X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Tryptophan metabolism and piglet diarrhea: Where we stand and the challenges ahead

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 123-133页

作者： Xuan Zhao Jiaman Pang Wanghong Zhang Xie Peng Zhenguo Yang Guangdong Bai Yaoyao Xia College of Animal Science and technology Southwest University Yunnan Vocational College of agriculture

The intestinal architecture of piglets is vulnerable to disruption during weaning transition and leads to diarrhea, frequently accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disturbances(including amino acid metabolism). Tryptophan(Trp) plays an essential role in orchestrating intestinal immune tolerance through its metabolism via the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or indole pathways, which could be dictated by the gut microbiota either directly or indirectly. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between piglet diarrhea and Trp metabolism. Here we aim to summarize the intricate balance of microbiota-host crosstalk by analyzing alterations in both the host and microbial pathways of Trp and discuss how Trp metabolism may affect piglet diarrhea. Overall, this review could provide valuable insights to explore effective strategies for managing piglet diarrhea and the related challenges.

关键词： Tryptophan metabolism Piglet Diarrhea Intestinal microbiota Inflammatory response

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Characterization and Selection of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Strengthening Hydrogel Films

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第3期12卷 513-537页

作者： Susi Susi Makhmudun Ainuri Wagiman Wagiman Mohammad Affan Fajar Falah Department of Agroindustrial technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas Lambung MangkuratJl A Yani Km 36BanjarbaruSouth Kalimantan70714Indonesia Doctoral Programme of Agroindustrial technology Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyUniversitas Gadjah MadaJl Flora No.1BulaksumurYogyakarta55281Indonesia Department of Agroindustrial technology Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyUniversitas Gadjah MadaJl Flora No.1BulaksumurYogyakarta55281Indonesia

Microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)is one of the cellulose derivatives produced as a result of the depolymerization of a part of cellulose to achieve high *** implemented in other polymers,high crystallinity correlates with greater strength and stiffnes,but it can reduce the water-holding *** acid concentration and hydrolysis time will affect the acquisition of crystallinity and water absorption capacity,both of which have significance as properties of hydrogel *** study aimed to evaluate the properties and select the MCC generated from varying the proportion of hydrochloric acid(HCl)and the appropriate hydrolysis time as a filler for film *** was produced by hydrolyzing cellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunches(OPEFB)with the HCl solution at varied concentrations and *** results show that the longer hydrolysis times and higher HCl concentrations increase crystallinity and density while lowering yield and water *** extensive acid hydrolysis reduces the amorphous area significantly,allowing the depolymerization to occur and extend the crystalline *** morphological properties of the MCC,which are smaller but compact,indicate the presence of disintegrating and diminishing structures.A 2.5 N HCl concentration and a 45-min hydrolysis time succeed in sufficient crystallinity as well as maintaining good water absorption *** treatment produced MCC with absorption capacity of 4.03±0.26 g/g,swelling capacity of 5.03±0.26 g/g,loss on drying of 1.44%±0.36,bulk and tapped density of 0.27±0.031 g/cm^(3) and 0.3±0.006 g/cm^(3),respectively,with a crystallinity index of 88.89%±4.76 and a crystallite size of 4.23±0.70 *** MCC generated could potentially be utilized as a hydrogel film filler,since a given proportion will be able to maintain the strength of the hydrogel,not readily dissolve but absorb water significantly.

关键词： Acid hydrolysis hydrogel OPEFB microcrystalline cellulose water absorption

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