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Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Children in Nola

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 344-358页

作者： Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem Gaspard Tékpa Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita Jocelyn Tony Nengom Danebera Lydie Verlaine Carine Judith Kiteze Nguinzanémou Rostand Juste Koyangboi Kombaya Iris Vanessa Gaspiet Sonny Jean Chrysostome Gody Complexe Hospitalier Pédiatrique de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Service des Maladies Infectieuses H&#244pital de l’Amitié Bangui République Centrafricaine faculté des sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine faculté de Médecineet des sciences Biomédicales Université de Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroun

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) occurs in three historical foci in the Central African Republic. Objective: To describe the morbi-mortality of childhood HAT in rural Central African Republic with the aim of early management. Methods: descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2017 to March 30, 2018 at Nola prefectural hospital. This study was included all children seen as outpatients and/or hospitalized in the pediatric wards, in whom the diagnosis of HAT was confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info software. Results: Forty children were included from Bilolo (60%), Nola (30%) and Salo (10%). The sex ratio was 0.66 with a median age of 8.65 ± 12.48 years. Fever (82.5%), nocturnal insomnia (75%), daytime somnolence (67.5%), headache (65%), polyarthralgia (62.5%), convulsions 52.5% (n = 21), tremor (27.5%), trypanidism (7.5%) and delirium (2.5%) were the main functional signs. Examination signs were adenopathy (52.5%), paresthesia (30%), decreased cutaneous-abdominal reflexes (25%) and osteoarticular reflexes (17.5%), hyperesthesia (20%), extrapyramidal hypertonia (15%) and depression (2.5%). The children were in the lymphatic-blood phase in 65% of cases, and meningoencephalitis in 35%. Pentamidine was administered in 65% of cases. Four children died and 6 had neurological sequelae. There was an association between age under 5, Bilolo’s focus, the children’s history and the severity of the disease. Age under 5, gender, household, children’s activity, history and occurrence of sequelae were also associated. Conclusion: HAT remains a permanent threat to Central African children. Any clinical presentation combining long-term infectious signs and unexplained neurological or neuropsychological disorders must be treated with caution.

关键词： Morbidity-Mortality Child HAT Nola CAR

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New materials based on carbazole for optoelectronic device applications:Theoretical investigation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第4期19卷 488-492页

作者： K.Hasnaoui H.Zgou M.Hamidi M.Bouachrine Unité de Recherche sur les Macromolécules et Modélisation Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Chimie Théorique AppiquéeFaculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Chimie Théorique Appliquée Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Recherche sur les Macromolécules et Modélisation Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco

A quantum-chemical investigation on the structural and optoelectronic properties of two materials based on carbazole is carried *** purpose is to display the effect of grafting the fluorine atoms on their optoelectronic and physico-chemical *** addition to solubility in the polar solvents and the modification in geometric parameters,the substitution of fluorine destabilizes the HOMO and LUMO levels,decreases the band gap energy and raises conjugation *** properties suggest the substituted fluorine compound as a good candidate for optoelectronic applications.

关键词： Conjugated polymers DFT theoretical investigation Carbazole Optoelectronic applications

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Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 270-301页

作者： Nouhou Salifou Jangorzo Maud Loireau Abou-Souﬁanou Sadda Ousmane Sami Mari Abdoul-Aziz Saïdou Hassane Bil-Assanou Issoufou Département des sciences du Sol et Télédétection Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger Unité mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes (UMR DAP) Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UMR Espace-DEV Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) Perpignan France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Représentation Niamey Niger Centre Imaan de Support en Recherche Transdisciplinaire UMR DAP/UDDM Niamey Niger Département des sciences et techniques de Productions Végétales Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi UMR DAP Maradi Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

关键词： Niger Option by Context Local Condition Complex System Multiscale Conceptual Modeling

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Theoretical study of structural and electronic properties of oligo(thiophene-phenylene)s in comparison with oligothiophenes and oligophenylenes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第1期19卷 123-126页

作者： H.Zgou S.M.Bouzzine S.Bouzakraoui M.Hamidi M.Bouachrine Unité de Recherche sur les Macromolécules et Modélisation Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Chimie Théorique AppliquéeFaculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Chimie Théorique Appliquée Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco Unité de Recherche sur les Macromolécules et Modélisation Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesB.P.509 Boutalamine5200 ErrachidiaMorocco

In this work, a quantum-chemical investigation on the structural and opto-electronic properties of oligo（thiophene-phenylene）（4TP） is carried out. The results are discussed in comparison with the properties of corresponding oligothiophene （8T） and oligophenylene （8P）. As the opto-electronic properties of this type of conducting polymers are governed by their electronic band gap, we shall also present a comparison among HOMO, LUMO and band gap energies of these three materials.

关键词： Conjugated polymers Oligothiophene Oligophenylene Oligo(thiophene-phenylene) DFT

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Effect of fluorinated additives or co-solvent on performances of graphite//LiMn2O4 cells cycled at high potential

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第1期30卷 332-342,I0011页

作者： Benjamin Flamme Darius JYeadon Satyajit Phadke Mérièm Anouti Laboratoire PCM2E EA 6299-Universitéde ToursFacultédes Sciences et TechniquesParc de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance

Herein,a comprehensive study of electrochemical performances of the combined effect of fluorinated additives;fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC);and tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite(TTFP) or the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate(TFEMC) as co-solvent,on Graphite//LiMn2O4 cells cycled at high potential is *** one side,each additive has a specific function,the FEC is dedicated to the negative electrode and the TTFP to the opposite *** electrolyte mixture with(4% FEC+1% TTFP) additive has shown the best ability to reduce fading of the LiMn2O4 electrode,especially at high *** the other side,by studying the comparative thermal and transport properties of the formulated electrolytes with different proportions of TFEMC,we demonstrate that the difference in charge distribution of EMC and TFEMC molecules induced by the presence of fluorine atoms,modifies the solvation model of the Li+cation,and changes its behavior at the CEI interface and impact strongly the electrochemical ***,the EIS investigation of the LMO/electrolyte interfaces in the presence of TFEMC demonstrates that despite a spontaneous chemical reactivity of the TFEMC at the cathode interface over time,the conductive and good quality CEI is formed,which positively impact the *** study shows that against LMO surface phenomena,the combination in adequate proportions of fluorinated additives or solvent can be a solution not only to avoid the oxidative reactivity of LMO-cathode,but also to prevent its harmful consequences on the Li-metal or graphite-anode by controlling the solvation of lithium-ion.

关键词： Li-ion battery LMO-cathode Fluorinated-solvent Additive Fluoro-alkylcarbonate

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Assessment of ship manoeuvrability by using a coupling between a nonlinear transient manoeuvring model and mathematical programming techniques

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第5期25卷 788-804页

作者： TRAN KHANH Toan OUAHSINE Abdellatif NACEUR Hakim EL WASSIFI Karima Laboratoire Roberval Université de Technologie de Compiègne Laboratoire LAMIH Université de Valenciennes Université Cadi Ayyad Faculté des Sciences et Techniques

In this paper, a numerical method based on a coupling between a mathematical model of nonlinear transient ship manoeuvring motion in the horizontal plane and Mathematical Programming （MP） techniques is proposed. The aim of the proposed procedure is an efficient estimation of optimal ship hydrodynamic parameters in a dynamic model at the early design stage. The proposed procedure has been validated through turning circle and zigzag manoeuvres based on experimental data of sea trials of the 190 000- dwt oil tanker. Comparisons between experimental and computed data show a good agreement of overall tendency in manoeuvring traiectories.

关键词： ship manoeuvrability hydrodynamics coefficients nonlinear transient dynamics sensitivity analysis mathematical pro- gramming

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu Cedric Seugnou Nana Christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko Medzam Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne Mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou Yvonne Valérie Yolande Mavoungou Ashu Michel Agbor Microbiology Department of the faculty of Health sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Microbiology Department of the faculty of Health sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun faculté des sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance Cameroon

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Prevalence and Tasks Associated with Respiratory Symptoms among Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Handlers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 2019

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第3期12卷 199-210页

作者： Marthe Sandrine Sanon Lompo Sombenewindé Bienvenu Alexandre Nikiéma Issa Traoré Marius Kédoté Jules Owona Manga Nicolas Méda Dpartement de Sant Publique Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Universit Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Suprieur en sciences de la Sant Universit Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Rgional de Formation en Sant Publique Ouidah Benin facult des sciences de la Sant Universit de Yaound Yaound Camroun

Introduction: The uncontrolled management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (W3E) causes respiratory problems in the handlers of this waste. The objective was to study the stains associated with respiratory symptoms in W3E handlers. Methods: The study was cross-sectional with an analytical focus on W3E handlers in the informal sector in Ouagadougou. A peer-validated questionnaire collected data on a sample of 161 manipulators. Results: the most common W3E processing tasks were the purchase or sale of W3E (67.70%), its repair (39.75%) and its collection (31.06%). The prevalence of cough was 21.74%, that of wheezing 14.91%, phlegm 12.50% and dyspnea at rest 10.56%. In bivariate analysis, there were significant associations at the 5% level between W3E repair and phlegm (p-value = 0.044), between W3E burning and wheezing (p-value = 0.011) and between W3E and cough (p-value = 0.01). The final logistic regression models suggested that the burning of W3E and the melting of lead batteries represented risk factors for the occurrence of cough with respective prevalence ratios of 4.57 and 4.63. Conclusion: raising awareness on the wearing of personal protective equipment, in particular masks adapted by W3E handlers, favoring those who are dedicated to the burning of electronic waste and the melting of lead could make it possible to reduce the risk of occurrence of respiratory symptoms.

关键词： Respiratory Symptoms W3E Associated Tasks Ouagadougou

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Influence of Waveguide Properties on Wave Prototypes Likely to Accompany the Dynamics of Four-Wave Mixing in Optical Fibers

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2601-2633页

作者： Jean Roger Bogning Marcelle Nina Zambo Abou’ou Christian Regis Ngouo Tchinda Mathurin Fomekong Oriel Loh Ndichia Stallone Mezezem Songna François Béceau Pelap Department of Physics Higher Teacher Training College University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon African Optical Fiber Family Bafoussam Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Africain en Technologie de lInformation et de la Tlcommunication The University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Unit de Recherche de Mcanique et de Modlisation des Systmes Physiques (UR-2MSP) Facult des Sciences Universit de Dschang Dschang Cameroun

In this article, we study the impacts of nonlinearity and dispersion on signals likely to propagate in the context of the dynamics of four-wave mixing. Thus, we use an indirect resolution technique based on the use of the iB-function to first decouple the nonlinear partial differential equations that govern the propagation dynamics in this case, and subsequently solve them to propose some prototype solutions. These analytical solutions have been obtained;we check the impact of nonlinearity and dispersion. The interest of this work lies not only in the resolution of the partial differential equations that govern the dynamics of wave propagation in this case since these equations not at all easy to integrate analytically and their analytical solutions are very rare, in other words, we propose analytically the solutions of the nonlinear coupled partial differential equations which govern the dynamics of four-wave mixing in optical fibers. Beyond the physical interest of this work, there is also an appreciable mathematical interest.

关键词： Optical Fiber Four Waves Mixing Implicit Bogning Function Coupled Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Nonlinear Coefficient Dispersive Coefficient Waveguide Properties

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Profile of Autoantibodies and Clinical Symptoms in Guinean Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases

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Open Journal of Immunology 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Mariama Sadjo Diallo Doufin Traore Adame Diouf Djiba Kaba Issiaga Diallo Doudou Georges Massar Niang Alimou Camara Oumar Mouctar Diallo Boh Fanta Diane Abdoulaye Barry Ouo-Ouo Yaramon Kolie Moustapha Mbow Aly Badra Kamissoko Djibril Sylla Babacar Mbengue Mohamed Cisse faculté des sciences et techniques de la Santé Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Nestor BANGOURA/Helene LABROUSSE H&#244pital de jour Donka CHU Donka Conakry Guinée Centre d’Excellence Africain Pour la Prévention et le Contrô le des Maladies Transmissibles Conakry Guinée Laboratoire d’Immunologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie CHU Donka Conakry Guinée Service de Rhumatologie H&#244pital National Ignace Deen Conakry Guinée Service de Médecine Interne CHU Donka Conakry Guinée

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies, which are diagnostic markers. Investigations of these autoantibodies play a major role in the management of several autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of anti-ENA antibodies according to the clinical symptoms of mixed CTDs in Conakry teaching Hospital. We performed a cross-sectional study during six months. A total of 20 patients was recruited and we measured antibodies using the ELISA technique. The mean age of our patients was 36.5 years, with a predominance of females. Cutaneous and rheumatological signs were the main clinical manifestations. SLP was the most frequent CTDs;the threshold of ENA antibodies positivity was higher in scleroderma with and SLP. Anti-ENA identification reveals the frequency of anti-SSA (83.33%), anti-U1RNP (66.66%) and anti-histone (50%) antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) react with various components of the cell nucleus. Their detection is of major interest in the diagnosis of CTDs. Our results highlight the importance of determining the specificity of these antibodies to guide differential diagnosis.

关键词： Autoantibodies Extractible Nuclear Antigen (ENA) Connective Tissue Diseases ELISA

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