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Synthetic fungal melanin UV absorbers

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 3098-3110页

作者： Chao Wang Rong Zhang Jianhua Zhang Xueqian Zhang Hengjie Zhang Huan Cao Zhen Yang Yiwen Li College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research CenterFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Agents with robust ultraviolet(UV)absorption capabilities play a vital role in safeguarding organisms and inorganic materials from UV ***,the synthetic procedures towards these UV absorbers are usually lengthy and complicated,accompanied by undesirable side reactions and the generation of toxic *** nature,allomelanin,a class of melanins variant found in melanized fungi near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,plays crucial roles in the cell wall of melanized fungi,offering resistance to harsh external environments and promising UV resistance ***,allomelanin can be rapidly biosynthesized via the polymerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene in presence of enzymes in *** by this,we report here a green enzymatic polymerization strategy to efficiently and eco-friendly synthesize polydihydroxynaphthalene(PDHN)-based artificial allomelanin nanoparticles(NPs)with interesting *** calculations and experimental results demonstrated that the PDHN NPs exhibited excellent UVabsorption capacity,surpassing another widely used artificial melanin,polydopamine(PDA).moreover,the light absorption mechanism of PDHN NPs was systematically elucidated for the first ***,the PDHN NPs were incorporated with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to create an anti-aging composite film with significantly enhanced UV shielding *** potential of these composite films in safeguarding plants from UV damage was meticulously ***,these PDHN NPs were first found to produce hydroxyl radicals(·OH)under UV irradiation,offering antibacterial properties that expand their potential applications.

关键词： melanin artificial allomelanin nanoparticles green synthesis UV absorption antibacterial

Tuning the ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 with alloy electrodes

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 321-330页

作者： Keqin LIU Bingjie DANG Zhiyu YANG Teng ZHANG Zhen YANG Jinxuan BAI Zelun PAN Ru HUANG Yuchao YANG Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Integrated Circuits School of Integrated Circuits Peking University School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University center for brain Inspired Chips Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking University center for brain Inspired Intelligence Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing

Tuning ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2is crucial for facilitating its practical applications in various fields, including in-memory and neuromorphic computing. Previous studies have revealed that the electrodes have a significant influence on ferroelectricity, and changing electrode materials can realize different but discrete ferroelectric polarization values. Here, we introduce an alloy-electrode method, in order to achieve gradual and accurate modulation of ferroelectric polarization, especially useful for matching the polarization charges at the interface of ferroelectric insulators and ferroelectric semiconductors. Au and W electrodes are chosen as baselines for realizing weak and strong ferroelectric polarization, where the intermediate states can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of metals in the Au-W alloy. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, the Cu-W alloy electrode is also realized for tuning ferroelectric polarization. The effect of alloy electrodes on device leakage current, endurance, and retention is evaluated. In addition, the temperature stability of ferroelectric capacitors is tested, where limited changes in both remnant polarization and coercive voltages are observed, showing the great potential of the ferroelectric hafnium oxide. Such gradual modulation of ferroelectric polarization could facilitate the application of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2in in-memory and neuromorphic computing.

关键词： ferroelectric hafnium oxide alloy electrode gradual modulation temperature stability

SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence fluid Intelligence in Humans and mice

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research 2024年第3期2023卷 369-389页

作者： Xiujuan Du Yuhua Yan Juehua Yu Tailin Zhu Chu-Chung Huang Lingli Zhang Xingyue Shan Ren Li Yuan Dai Hui LV Xiao-Yong Zhang Jianfeng feng Wei-Guang Li Qiang Luo fei Li Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental HealthXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Shanghai Xinhua Children's HospitalShanghai 200092China National Clinical research center for Aging and medicine at Huashan Hospital Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-lnspired IntelligenceMinistry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-lnspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of medical Neurobiology and ministry of Education frontiers center for brain Science Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Key Laboratory of brain functional Genomics(ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Rehabilitation medicine Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China center for Experimental Studies and research The First Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032China Shanghai research center for brain Science and brain-lnspired Intelligence Shanghai201210China Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China.

fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUfm, ATP2A1, and fOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.

关键词： metabolism impaired reversed

forebrain excitatory neuron-specific loss of Brpf1 attenuates excitatory synaptic transmission and impairs spatial and fear memory

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 1133-1141页

作者： Baicheng Zhao Hang Zhang Ying Liu Gaoyu Zu Yuxiao Zhang Jiayi Hu Shuai Liu Linya You Department of Human Anatomy&Histoembryology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of brain functional Genomics(ministry of Education) Affiliated Mental Health Center(ECNU)School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Changning mental Health center ShanghaiChina NYU-ECNU Institute of brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai ShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of medical imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai ShanghaiChina

Bromodomain and plant homeodomain(PHD)finger containing protein 1(Brpf1)is an activator and scaffold protein of a multiunit complex that includes other components involving lysine acetyltransferase(KAT)6A/6B/***1,KAT6A,and KAT6B mutations were identified as the causal genes of neurodevelopmental disorders leading to intellectual *** previous work revealed strong and specific expression of Brpf1 in both the postnatal and adult forebrain,especially the hippocampus,which has essential roles in learning and ***,we hypothesized that Brpf1 plays critical roles in the function of forebrain excitatory neurons,and that its deficiency leads to learning and memory *** test this,we knocked out Brpf1 in forebrain excitatory neurons using *** found that Brpf1 deficiency reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and downregulated the expression of genes Pcdhgb1,Slc16a7,Robo3,and Rho,which are related to neural development,synapse function,and memory,thereby damaging spatial and fear memory in *** findings help explain the mechanisms of intellectual impairment in patients with BRPf1 mutation.

关键词： behavioral test Brpf1 CAmKIIa-Cre intellectual disability miniature excitatory postsynaptic current mRNA-Seq

modular-integrative modeling: a new framework for building brain models that blend biological realism and functional performance

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 13-16页

作者： mario Senden Sacha J.van Albada Giovanni Pezzulo Egidio falotico Ibrahim Hashim Alexander Kroner Anno C.Kurth Pablo Lanillos Vaishnavi Narayanan Cyriel Pennartz mihai A.Petrovici Lea Steffen Tonio Weidler Rainer Goebel Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Maastricht University maastricht brain imaging Centre Maastricht University Institute of Neuroscience and medicine(INm-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation(IAS-6) and JARA-Institut brain Structure-function Relationships(INm-10) Jülich Research Center Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies The Bio Robotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna RWTH Aachen University Donders Institute for brain Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Department of Physiology University of Bern fZI research center of Information Technology

To cope with the immense complexity of the brain, neuroscientific research often focuses on isolated brain structures or circumscribed perceptual, cognitive or motor functions [1]. This reductionist approach overlooks the intricate and multifaceted interplay among various structural and functional *** instance, even simple movements require the coordinated activation of numerous neuronal populations across multiple brain regions [2].

关键词： WORLD SURVEY PROJECTS

The brain network hub degeneration in Alzheimer's disease

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第4期10卷 213-229页

作者： Suhui Jin Jinhui Wang Yong He Institute for brain research and Rehabilitation Guangdong Key Laboratory of mental Health and Cognitive Science center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University IDG/mcGovern Institute for brain research National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Key Laboratory of brain imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal University

Alzheimer's disease(AD) has been conceptualized as a syndrome of brain network dysfunction. Recent imaging connectomics studies have provided unprecedented opportunities to map structural and functional brain networks in AD. By reviewing molecular, imaging, and computational modeling studies, we have shown that highly connected brain hubs are primarily distributed in the medial and lateral prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions in healthy individuals and that the hubs are selectively and severely affected in AD as manifested by increased amyloid-beta deposition and regional atrophy,hypo-metabolism, and connectivity dysfunction. furthermore, AD-related hub degeneration depends on the imaging modality with the most notable degeneration in the medial temporal hubs for morphological covariance networks, the prefrontal hubs for structural white matter networks, and in the medial parietal hubs for functional networks. finally, the AD-related hub degeneration shows metabolic,molecular, and genetic correlates. Collectively, we conclude that the brain-network-hub-degeneration framework is promising to elucidate the biological mechanisms of network dysfunction in AD, which provides valuable information on potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the disease.

关键词： Connectomics Centrality modularity Graph theory mRI Dementia

Dendritic nanomedicine enhances chemoimmunotherapy by disturbing metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts for deep penetration and activating function of immune cells

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3680-3696页

作者： Yunkun Li Xiaoding Shen Haitao Ding Yuxin Zhang Dayi Pan Liping Su Yahui Wu Zaixiang fang Jie Zhoua Qiyong Gong Kui Luo Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center(HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of Radiology West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityXiamen 361021China

Inefficient drug penetration hurdled by the stroma in the tumor tissue leads to a diminished therapeutic effect for drugs and a reduced infiltration level of immune ***,we constructed a PEGylated dendritic epirubicin(Epi)prodrug(Epi-P4D)to regulate the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAfs),thus enhancing Epi penetration into both multicellular tumor spheroids(mTSs)and tumor tissues in mouse colon cancer(CT26),mouse breast cancer(4T1)and human breast cancer(mDA-mB-231)*** cytotoxicity against CT26 mTSs and remarkable antitumor efficacy of Epi-P4D were ascribed to reduced fibronectin,α-SmA,and collagen ***,thinning of the tumor tissue stroma and efficient eradication of tumor cells promoted the immunogenic cell death effect for dendritic cell(DC)maturation and subsequent immune activation,including elevating the CD4^(+)T cell population,reducing CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell hyperactivation and exhaustion,and amplifying the natural killer(NK)cell proportion and effectively activating *** a result,this dendritic nanomedicine thinned the stroma of tumor tissues to enhance drug penetration and facilitate immune cell infiltration for elevated antitumor efficacy.

关键词： Dendritic prodrug Enhanced penetration metabolic intervention Cancer-associated fibroblasts Immunogenic cell death Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Immune microenvironment reconstitution

Transplantation of fibrin-thrombin encapsulated human induced neural stem cells promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats through modulation of the microenvironment

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第2期19卷 440-446页

作者： Sumei Liu Baoguo Liu Qian Li Tianqi Zheng Bochao Liu mo Li Zhiguo Chen Cell Therapy center Beijing Institute of GeriatricsXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseasesand Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina center of Neural Injury and Repair Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina center of Parkinson’s Disease Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina

Recent studies have mostly focused on engraftment of cells at the lesioned spinal cord,with the expectation that differentiated neurons facilitate *** a few studies have attempted to use transplanted cells and/or biomaterials as major modulators of the spinal cord injury ***,we aimed to investigate the role of microenvironment modulation by cell graft on functional recovery after spinal cord *** neural stem cells reprogrammed from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and/or thrombin plus fibrinogen,were transplanted into the lesion site of an immunosuppressed rat spinal cord injury ***,Beattie and Bresnahan score,electrophysiological function,and immunofluorescence/histological analyses showed that transplantation facilitates motor and electrophysiological function,reduces lesion volume,and promotes axonal neurofilament expression at the lesion *** of the graft and niche components revealed that although the graft only survived for a relatively short period(up to 15 days),it still had a crucial impact on the ***,induced neural stem cells and human fibrin reduced the number of infiltrated immune cells,biased microglia towards a regenerative m2 phenotype,and changed the cytokine expression profile at the lesion ***-induced changes of the microenvironment during the acute and subacute stages might have disrupted the inflammatory cascade chain reactions,which may have exerted a long-term impact on the functional recovery of spinal cord injury rats.

关键词： biomaterial fibrinogen functional recovery induced neural stem cell transplantation microenvironment microglia spinal cord injury thrombin

A multi-mechanistic approach to the oil recovery study of a family of amphiphilic polysaccharides

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Petroleum research 2024年第2期9卷 238-249页

作者： funsho Afolabi Syed mmahmood Lunech mario Nur Asyraf md Akhir Bennett Tackie-Otoo Hamid Sharifigaliuk center of research in Enhanced Oil Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri IskandarMalaysia center for Subsurface imaging Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri IskandarMalaysia research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI) TehranIran

Chemical enhanced oil recovery(cEOR)remains one of the most potent tertiary recovery ***,it is expensive and rarely environmentally ***-based amphiphilic polymers have been suggested as an alternative to eradicating the challenges of conventional cEOR because of cost-effectiveness,and ***,few in-depth studies exist in the literature to investigate the prospects of these materials.A new family of amphiphilic polysaccharides was synthesized by hydrophobic modification of cellulose sulphate,and the EOR functionalities were *** novel biopolymers exhibited the ability to alter rock wetting *** terms of recovery,one of the variants of the synthesized bio amphiphilic polymer(D-I)was able to reduce residual oil saturation to 12%at harsh conditions of 60,000 ppm salinity at 75℃.micromodel visual analysis revealed that the performance of the novel materials was due to the combination of mobility control,IfT lowering and emulsification,wettability alteration,and *** a performance commensurate to that of a commercial hydrophobically modified polymer,it can be said that the novel amphiphilic polysaccharides can stand as a viable cEOR agent for oilfield applications.

关键词： Bio-based polymers Amphiphilic polysaccharides EOR Cellulose sulphate Environmental sustainability