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Aerobic exercise mitigates high-fat diet-induced cognitive decline through suppressing liver-brain-axis-mediated ATF3 and neuroinflammation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Tong Wu Baoxuan Lin Min Jia Jinxiu Li Ning Chen Tianjiu Research and Development Center for exercise Nutrition and Foods， Hubei Key Laboratory of exercise Training and Monitoring， College of Sports Medicine， Wuhan Sports University

It is well known that appropriate aerobic exercise can effectively alleviate fatty liver and enhance brain function. The concept of multi-organ crosstalk coordinating disease progression has become the current research hot topic. However， there remains an urgent need to elucidate its specific mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the impact of a high-fat diet （HFD） on liver health and cognitive function， and to further uncover the regulatory effect of aerobic exercise by liver-specific ATF3 knockout (ATF3cKO) mice in a “liver-brain” axis mode. The 5-week-old C57BL/6 and ATF3cKOmice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks， and sequentially subjected to aerobic exercise intervention at the 20thweek for another 12 consecutive weeks. Meanwhile， C57BL/6 mice were provided with a normal diet as the control group. The functional parameters of liver and brain of all mice were assessed. Cognitive capacity of all mice was assessed by the Morris water maze （MWM）. Inflammatory factors in the serum and brain of mice were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of inflammasomes was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Additionally， the activation of NF-κB and PI3K signal pathways was analyzed by Western blotting. In this study， HFD impaired hepatic and brain functions， while aerobic exercise and liver-specific ATF3 knockout suppressed inflammatory factors in the peripheral circulation through hepatoprotective mechanisms， thereby attenuating cerebral inflammation and preserving neurological integrity， as well as mitigating HFD-induced cognitive decline.

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L-theanine/α-Ketoglutarate/Nrf2 axis promotes exercise-mediated amelioration of NASH in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Wang-Jing Mu Min Chen Jie-Ying Zhu Hong-Yang Luo Yang Li Shan Li Lin-jing Yan Ruo-ying Li Liang Guo School of exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health， Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health， Shanghai University of Sport Key Laboratory of exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education， Shanghai University of Sport

L-Theanine (LTA) is a non-protein amino acid mainly found in tea plants with many beneficial effects. exercise exerts a wide range of benefits in metabolic health. Here， we show that exercise or gastric lavage intervention on mice with LTA improves diet-induced NASH in mice. Meanwhile， combinatory therapy shows that exercise and LTA synergistically improve obesity-related metabolic disorders and NASH phenotypes， including hepatic steatosis， inflammation， cell death and oxidative stress. In vivo studies indicate that LTA inhibits free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatocyte injury， including steatosis， oxidative stress and apoptosis. Knockdown of Nrf2 blunts the role of LTA in inhibiting FFA-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and dysfunction. Mechanistically， LTA increases the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) level in hepatocytes， which increases the transcription of Nrf2 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter. Moreover， LTA promote the above α-KG/Nrf2 axis in synergy with exercise， thereby more efficiently inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and ameliorating diet-induced NASH in mice. Our results suggest that， through promoting the α-KG/Nrf2 axis-mediated anti-oxidative pathway， the combination of LTA and exercise may provide an effective measure for the prevention and control of NASH.

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The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 687-700页

作者： Min Chen Jieying Zhu Hongyang Luo Wangjing Mu Liang Guo School of exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4),an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member,can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine ***4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of ***4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism,thermogenesis,and *** pathological processes,Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory *** addition,Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity,insulin resistance,and cardiovascular ***,Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy,improving lipid metabolism,and inhibiting cell death of ***,Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer,hyperthyroidism,and some other ***,elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation Insulin resistance Lipid and glucose metabolism NAFLD Neurobiogenesis Obesity

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Physical exercise and traumatic brain injury: is it question of time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 475-476页

作者： Valentina Mastrorilli Stefano Farioli Vecchioli Institute of biochemistry and Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyNational Research Council(IBBC/CNR)MonterotondoRomeItaly Plaisant S.R.L. RomeItaly

Is it better to be safe than sorry?This Hamletic dilemma has always stimulated medical-scientific debates in numerous fields of *** among these,the preventive-therapeutic approach to the treatment of brain trauma is one of the most striking *** brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of brain damage among young and elderly populations with a very high hospitalization and death *** is characterized by two pathologically distinct but strictly consequential phases:a first characterized by an immediate and highly variable mechanical dysfunction of the brain tissue,which involves widespread cell death and tissue degeneration,followed by a second phase which can last from days to even years depending on the severity of the TBI and the patient’s pre-existing health *** processes,including inflammatory phenomena,oxidative stress associated with metabolic,vascular,and neuro-modulatory deficits,are very often responsible for neuro-motor and psychological deficits leading to long-term disabilities(Kaur and Sharma,2018).

关键词： injury striking modulator

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Diet restriction and exercise alleviate cognitive reduction of high fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice by rescuing inflammation-mediated compromised insulin signaling pathway through activating AMPK/SIRT1 signal pathway and suppressing TLR4 signal pathway

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Hu Zhang Ye Zhang Jiling Liang Jiahang Li Miao He Xin Liu Jielun Huang Minghui Wang Jingjing Fan Ning Chen Tianjiu Research and Development Center for exercise Nutrition and Foods， Hubei Key Laboratory of exercise Training and Monitoring， College of Sports Medicine， Wuhan Sports University Physical Education Institute， Hubei University of Science and Technology

Obesity， caused by excessive energy， leads to body weight gain and various diseases， including cognitive impairment. Current studies suggest that diet restriction such as optimal fasting and regular exercise are crucial for improving cognitive capacity. However， further exploration is needed to understand the specific mechanisms of high fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive decline in obesity. In the present study， 4-month-old mice were subjected to HFD feeding for 18 weeks， followed by aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise， regular diet feeding， and intermittent fasting for 8 weeks， and then used to evaluate cognitive capacity， inflammation， compromised insulin signaling pathway， oxidative stress， and apoptosis in hippocampal tissue， as well as AMPK/SIRT1 and TLR4 signal pathways. Obese mice revealed impaired cognitive capacity as compared with mice fed with regular diets. In contrast， aerobic exercise， high-intensity intermittent exercise， regular diet， and intermittent fasting could inhibit apoptosis caused by inflammation-mediated compromised insulin signaling pathway in hippocampal tissues through activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signal pathway and suppressing the TLR4 signal pathway， thereby rescuing the cognitive impairment of obese mice. Therefore， diet restriction and exercise interventions may play a positive role in reverting obesity-induced cognitive impairment.

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Interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under high glucose milieus result in inflammatory response and impaired insulin sensitivity

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1589-1602页

作者： Wei Luo Yue Zhou Li-Ying Wang Lei Ai Department of Sports and Health Sciences Nanjing Sport InstituteNanjing 210014Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of exercise physiology Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Sports physiology Research Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports ScienceNanjing 210033Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle handles about 80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and become the major organ occurring insulin resistance(IR).Many studies have confirmed the interactions between macrophages and skeletal muscle regulated the inflammation and regeneration of skeletal ***,despite of the decades of research,whether macrophages infiltration and polarization in skeletal muscle under high glucose(HG)milieus results in the development of IR is yet to be elucidated.C2C12 myoblasts are well-established and excellent model to study myogenic regulation and its responses to *** exploration of macrophages'role in myoblasts IR and the dynamics of their infiltration and polarization is *** To evaluate interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under HG,and its effects on inflammation and IR in skeletal *** We detected the polarization status of macrophages infiltrated to skeletal muscles of IR mice by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical ***,we developed an in vitro co-culture system to study the interactions between myoblasts and macrophages under HG *** effects of myoblasts on macrophages were explored through morphological observation,CCK-8 assay,Flow Cytometry,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** mediation of macrophages to myogenesis and insulin sensitivity were detected by morphological observation,CCK-8 assay,Immunofluorescence,and 2-NBDG *** The F4/80 and co-localization of F4/80 and CD86 increased,and the myofiber size decreased in IR group(P0.8).In McM+HG group,F4/80+CD86+CD206-cells,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,TNFα,IL-1βand IL-6 were increased,and F4/80+CD206+CD86-cells and IL-10 were decreased compared with Mc+HG group and McM group(P0.8).Compered to M group,myotube area,myotube n

关键词： Macrophages phenotype Myoblasts Cross-talk Glucose toxicity Chronic inflammation Insulin sensitivity

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exercise-induced microbial changes in preventing type 2 diabetes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 892-899页

作者： Ting Yao Hui Wang Kaiqing Lin Ruwen Wang Shanshan Guo Peijie Chen Hao Wu Tiemin Liu Ru Wang School of exercise and Health Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic HealthShanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi’an 710061China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health Institute of Metabolism&Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Human Phenome InstituteFudan Microbiome Centerand Department of Bariatric and Metabolic SurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 201203China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuman Phenome Instituteand School of Life SciencesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The metabolic benefits associated with long-term physical activity are well appreciated and growing evidence suggests that it involves the gut *** we re-evaluated the link between exercise-induced microbial changes and those associated with prediabetes and *** found that the relative abundances of substantial amounts of diabetes-associated metagenomic species associated negatively with physical fitness in a Chinese athlete students *** additionally showed that those microbial changes correlated more with handgrip strength,a simple but valuable biomarker suggestive of the diabetes states,than maximum oxygen intake,one of the key surrogates for endurance ***,the causal relationships among exercise,risks for diabetes,and gut microbiota were explored based on mediation *** propose that the protective roles of exercise against type 2 diabetes are mediated,at least partly,by the gut microbiota.

关键词： gut microbiota body fat diabetes handgrip maximum oxygen intake

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Revisiting the stretch-induced force deficit:A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of acute effects

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 805-819页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Lars Hubertus Lohmann Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazGraz 8010Austria Institute of Sport Science Alpen-Adria University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Worthersee 9020Austria Institute of Human Movement and exercise physiology University of JenaJena 07749Germany

Background:When recommending avoidance of static stretching prior to athletic performance,authors and practitioners commonly refer to available systematic ***,effect sizes(ES)in previous reviews were extracted in major part from studies lacking control conditions and/or prepost testing ***,currently available reviews conducted calculations without accounting for multiple study outcomes,with ES:0.03 to 0.10,which would commonly be classified as ***:Since new meta-analytical software and controlled research articles have appeared since 2013,we revisited the available literatures and performed a multilevel meta-analysis using robust variance estimation of controlled prepost trials to provide updated ***,previous research described reduced electromyography activity—also attributable to fatiguing training routines—as being responsible for decreased subsequent *** second part of this study opposed stretching and alternative interventions sufficient to induce general fatigue to examine whether static stretching induces higher performance losses compared to other exercise ***:Including 83 studies with more than 400 ES from 2012 participants,our results indicate a significant,small ES for a static stretch-induced maximal strength loss(ES=0.21,p=0.003),with high magnitude ES(ES=0.84,p=0.004)for stretching durations≥60 s per bout when compared to passive *** opposed to active controls,the maximal strength loss ranges between ES:0.17 to0.28,p<0.001 and 0.040 with mostly no to small ***,stretching did not negatively influence athletic performance in general(when compared to both passive and active controls);in fact,a positive effect on subsequent jumping performance(ES=0.15,p=0.006)was found in ***:Regarding strength testing of isolated muscles(e.g.,leg extensions or calf raises),our results confirm previous ***,since no(or even positive)e

关键词： Static stretching Maximal strength Athletic performance Performance testing

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Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 108-117页

作者： Dongqiang Ye Lu Li Shen Zhang Songlin Xiao Xiaole Sun Shaobai Wang Weijie Fu Key Laboratory of exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Background:Foot kinematics,such as excessive eversion and malalignment of the hindfoot,are believed to be associated with running-related *** maj ority of studies to date show that different foot strike patterns influence these specific foot and ankle ***,technical deficiencies in traditional motion capture approaches limit knowledge of in vivo joint kinematics with respect to rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns(RFS and FFS,respectively).This study uses a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)to determine the effects of different foot strike patterns on 3D in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joints ***:Fifteen healthy male recreational runners underwent foot computed tomography scanning for the construction of 3-dimensional models.A high-speed DFIS(100 Hz)was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom kinematics for participants’tibiotalar and subtalar joints when they adopted RFS and FFS in barefoot ***:Compared with RFS,FFS exhibited greater internal rotation at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar *** peak internal rotation angle of the tibiotalar joint under FFS was greater than under RFS(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.92).RFS showed more dorsiflexion at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint than *** also presented a larger anterior translation(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=1.28)in the subtalar joint at i nitial contact than ***:Running with acute barefoot FFS increases the internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint in the early *** use of high-speed DFIS to quantify the movement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint was critical to revealing the effects of RF S and FFS during running.

关键词： Foot strike patterns High-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system In vivo kinematics Running

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Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plöschberger Lars H.Lohmann Eric Lichtenstein Daniel Jochum Stanislav D.Siegel Astrid Zech David G.Behm Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of Human Motion Science and exercise physiology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous ***,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle ***,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with ***:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of *** showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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