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Characterization of mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia:a cross sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 35-40页

作者： Biniam Mathewos Nigatu Kebede Tesfu Kassa Adane Mihret Muluwork Getahun Department of Immunology and Molecular biology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Aklilu Lemma institute of Pathobiology College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa University Armaour Hanson Research institute ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research institute

Objective:To characterize mycobaclerium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research institute,for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 4 to February 22.2010 with total samples of ***:Sputum specimens were collected and processed:the deposits were *** culturing Lowenstein Jensen medium(LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) were *** Neo was used for detecting NTM isolates from isolates of BACTEC *** Armauer Hansen Research institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia,Deletion typing PCR method for species identification(from confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC) isolates by Capilia Neo) uas ***:Out of 263 enrolled in the study.124 and 117 ol them were positive for mycobaeterium growth by BACTEC MGIT 960 and 1.1 culture method,*** BACTEC MGIT 960 positive media of 124 isolates.117 were randomly taken to perform Capilia TB Neo *** these 7(6%) of them were found to be NTM and 110(94%) were *** these 110 MTBC isolates,81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typing RD9 PCR method of molecular *** of these 78(96.3%) were found to be species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3(3.7%) were found to be not in the *** the types of methods of culture *** Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) method was found to have excellent agreement(with kappa value ol 0.78) with the routine method of ***:Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at EHNR1 that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species of Mycobacterium *** treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area in Addis *** is indication of the presence of NTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis ref

关键词： NTM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Mycobacteria growth indicator tube Lowenstein Jensen media

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Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of Cordia africana *** in Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 925-934页

作者： Abayneh Derero Genene Tesfaye Zewdie Woldemariam ethiopian Environment and Forest Research institute

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.

关键词： Clinal Correlation Environmental gradient Improvement Quantitative

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Germination pretreatment and storage behavior of Terminalia laxiflora seed

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1337-1342页

作者： Befkadu Mewded Debissa Lemessa Hailu Negussie Abiyot Berhanu Forest and Rangeland Biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute

Terminalia laxiflora Engl.&*** an important indigenous and multi-purpose species in *** threatened due to low germination and its storage behavior is *** this study,we aimed to(1)test pretreatments for breaking the dormancy of *** seed and(2)determine its storage *** were subjected to four pretreatments such as soaking,scarification,high-temperature,and *** were done before storage and after 2 years of dry storage at cold temperature(-10℃)based on randomized design with four *** first round of experimental results showed that *** seeds with high temperature treatments at 78℃for 10 min showed significantly higher germination percentage(80%).In the second round experiment,high-temperature treatment at 78℃for15 min,cold water soaking,high-temperature treatment at78℃for 10 min,hot water soaking,and high-temperature treatment at 78℃for 5 min showed significantly higher germination percentage from the remaining treatments(75,64,58,56,and 53%,respectively).To break the dormancy of *** seed and attain good germination result,seeds should be pretreated with high-temperature at 78℃for 10 min to test the initial germination before storage and should be pretreated with high-temperature(at 78℃for15,10,or 5 min),soaked in cold,or hot water for 24 h to monitor the germination after *** two experiments show that *** produces orthodox seed.

关键词： Dormancy breaking Dry storage High-temperature Soaking Storage behavior

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Differential Responses of Electrolyte Leakage and Pigment Compositions in Maize and Sorghum After Exposure to and Recovery from Pre- and Post-Flowering Dehydration

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第6期9卷 813-824页

作者： Abuhay Takele ethiopian institute of Agricultural Research Melkassa Agricultural Research Center

Drought stress is often the most limiting factor to maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid *** study evaluates the response of electrolyte leakage,chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in maize （***-2 and sorghum ***） after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration in plants grown in a controlled environment growth chamber under constant environmental conditions （12/12 h day/night,28-32/17°C day/night temperature,60-80% RH and PPFD of 1 200-1 400 μmol m-2 s-1）,at the Department of Botany,University of Cape Town,South *** was revealed that dehydration induced increases in electrolyte leakage was observed in both species during both pre- and post-flowering *** leakage was however,higher during post- than pre-flowering dehydration in both *** during both pre- and post-flowering stages caused a decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in both maize and *** and carotenoid contents of both pre- and post-flowering dehydrated sorghum was markedly higher than that of maize throughout the duration of the dehydration *** opposed to chlorophyll and carotenoid contents,anthocyanin contents increased during pre- and post-flowering dehydration in both *** were however,observed between both species in the response of anthocyanin content to pre- and post-flowering *** recovery of chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were observed in those plants rehydrated during pre-flowering *** was however,no recovery in both species during post-flowering *** study should help understand some adaptive mechanisms developed by maize and sorghum during the dehydration and rehydration periods and contribute to identify useful traits for breeding programs.

关键词： anthocyanin carotenoid chlorophyll dehydration rehydration

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Choices of Varieties and Demand for Improved Rice Seed in Fogera District of Ethiopia

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 350-356页

作者： A.H.MESFIN L.ZEMEDU Agricultural Economics Research Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research/Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Economics Research Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research/Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center

In this study, 151 households were randomly drawn from three randomly selected Kebele in probability proportional to size method. The demographic and socio-economic factors that determine the participation in improved varieties were household labor availability, education level of the household head,land holdings, distance to the nearest village market, proximity to the main market, and distance to access agricultural extension and access to the source of rice seeds. However, determinants of choice decision varied from cultivar to cultivar. The evidence of the study from the interdependence among the decision of adoption of improved rice varieties suggested that technology adoption will be accelerated by launching a progressively developing package and scheme of rice technology generation, and points to the importance of mobilising additional resources to augment households' efforts at popularization and promotion of improved rice *** findings from Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems(LA/AIDS) model showed that compelling evidence for small proportion changes in own prices and cross price of improved rice varieties led to greater than unitary proportionate changes in their purchases. The results generally showed that farmers were very sensitive to changes in improved rice seed prices and incomes. The major implication of the findings was that any intervention to improve farmers' seed purchases should take into account efforts to increase farmers' purchasing power of agricultural inputs like improved seeds and fertilizers.

关键词： improved rice choice seed demand multivariate probit Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems

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Public Perception on the Role of Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Land Use Management in Rapidly Urbanized Countries:The Case of Hawassa City,Ethiopia

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 73-113页

作者： Mefekir Woldegebriel Tessema Birhanu Girma Abebe ethiopian institute of architecture Building Construction and City Development(EiABC)Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Urban green areas are essential elements of cities and contribute to the quality of life in numerous ways by maintaining and regulating the ***,increased urbanization and development have placed urban green areas under extreme pressure,while unplanned urban growth has resulted in the loss of urban landscape and *** study’s objective was the public perception on the role of urban green infrastructure and land use *** 385 sample households were selected by using random sampling *** and econometric analyses were used for analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data by using SPSS version *** the major factors influencing the urban green infrastructure by respondents perception were education,income,family size,sex of respondent,marital status,type of employment,ownership of house,participation on public involvement,and frequency of visit to nearer planning which are significant variables in the *** visited the given green structure at least twice a week,and those not done it were 47.9% and 52.1%.The amount of individuals who visited it twice a week in positive perceivers was 64%,and the amount of those who have not done it was 36%.The Chi-square value of 10.9 was very big and telling us that the frequency of visit was determinant factor of *** is vital to keep in mind that while the built-up area and the agricultural areas are rising due to urbanization,the core-ecosystem land is being“eaten”as a result of the past and present land uses inside the administrative limits,as well as the services they *** the last 6 years,the rate at which the most precious ecosystems are disappearing has *** population,which reflects the demand for these services and benefits,is still growing,putting more strain on the *** recommendations include:Public involvement in urban green space planning and development was determinant and core variable of the *** government of the

关键词： Public perceptions Land use/land cover changes Green infrastructure Recreational areas Hawassa city

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Role of fermentation and microbes in cacao fermentation and their impact on cacao quality

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 509-520页

作者： Biruk Hirko Haimanot Mitiku Abukiya Getu ethiopian institute of Agricultural Research P.O Box 2003Addis AbabaEthiopia

Cocoa seed fermentation involves a well-stabilized succession of microbial processes and the action of ***-isms(yeast,lactic acid bacteria,and acetic acid bacteria)play a critical role in cacao fermentation by degrading mucilage pulp by producing a stabilized succession of enzymatic reactions that contribute to its ***,the majority of cacao fermentation practiced in our planet is in the traditional form to produce aroma *** art of using starter culture to substitute naturally occurring microorganisms in cacao fermentation is crucial for the development of the aroma and flavor of cacao for sustainable uniformity and quality improvement and unique cacao flavor *** this sense,this review presents an overview of cacao fermentation process and its impacts on quality,starter culture and microorganisms involved in cacao fermentation process,cacao bioactive compounds and its health ***,the research perspectives needed and the advance made in terms of fermentation process in order to reduce fermentation period are reviewed.

关键词： Cacao Fermentation Microbes Quality Starter culture Yeast

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Combining machine learning,space-time cloud restoration and phenology for farm-level wheat yield prediction

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 208-222页

作者： Andualem Aklilu Tesfaye Daniel Osgood Berhane Gessesse Aweke Department of Remote sensing at ethiopian Space Science and Technology institute Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia International Research institute for Climate and Society Earth InstituteColumbia UniversityUnited States of America Department head of the remote sensing unit at ethiopian Space Science and Technology institute Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia

Though studies showed the potential of high-resolution optical sensors for crop yield prediction,several factors have limited their wider *** main factors are obstruction of cloud,identification of phenology,demand for high computing infrastructure and the complexity of statistical *** this research,we created a novel approach by combining four ***,we implemented the cloud restoration algorithm called gapfill to restore missed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)values derived from Sentinel-2 sensor(S2)due to cloud ***,we created square tiles as a solution for high computing infrastructure demand due to the use of high-resolution ***,we implemented gapfill following critical crop phenology ***,observations from restored images combined with original(from cloud-free images)values and applied for winter wheat *** applied seven base machine learning as well as two groups of super learning *** study successfully applied gapfill on high-resolution image to get good quality estimates for cloudy ***,yield prediction accuracy increased due to the incorporation of restored values in the regression *** models such as Generalized Linear Regression(GLM)and Random Forest(RF)showed improved capacity compared to other base and ensemble *** two models revealed RMSE of 0.001 t/ha and 0.136 t/ha on the holdout *** twomodels also revealed consistent and better performance using scatter plot analysis across three *** approach developed is useful to predict wheat yield at field scale,which is a rarely available but vital in many developmental projects,using optical sensors.

关键词： Cloud restoration Ensemble learning Machine learning Phenology Sentinel-2 Wheat yield prediction

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Opportunities for New Biorefinery Products from ethiopian Ginning Industry By-products:Current Status and Prospects

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第3期6卷 195-214页

作者： Amare Abuhay Wassie Mengie Tamrat Tesfaye Gemeda Gebino Million Ayele Adane Haile Derseh Yillie Birorefinery Research Centre Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia

The global demand for textile products is rapidly increasing due to population growth,rising living standards,economic development,and fast fashion *** growth and transformation plan(GTP)gives high priorities for the textile and apparel sectors to transform its agriculturally led economy to an industrial-based *** achieve this,the number of tex-tile and apparel industries is rapidly ***,the rapid growth in textile industry is generating mountains and mountains of *** this review,possible applications of cotton stalk and cotton ginning waste in a variety of technologies and products are discussed in ethiopian *** finding of this study shows that ethiopian current cotton cultivating area is about 80000 hm^(2),even though the country has a potential of about 3000810 hm^(2) land for cotton *** the current cultivated area,more than 240000 t of cotton stalk and 9240 t of cotton ginning trash have been generated as a *** only a very little portion of the cotton stalk is being used as a raw fuel for household purposes and a small portion of cotton ginning trash is used for animal ***,these underutilized lignocellulosic biomasses can be used as raw materials for producing different high-value biomaterials and thus country can perceive an economic and environmental benefit.A closer look at the structure and composition of the by-products shows that the whole part of cotton stalk and ginning waste can be used as a source of cellulose which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value ***,conversion of the waste into valuable products can make cotton stalk and ginning by-products an attractive raw material for the production of high value bio-products.

关键词： Cotton stalk Cotton ginning waste Biobased materials Biorefinery Waste utilization

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Diversity, regeneration status and population structure of gum-and resin-bearing woody species in south Omo zone, southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 319-328页

作者： Muhamed Adem Adefires Worku Mulugeta Lemenih Wubalem Tadesse Jürgen Pretzsch Madawalabu University Technical University of Dresden Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources ethiopian institute of Agricultural Research Forestry Research Sector

South Omo Administrative Zone in Ethiopia is home to 18 indigenous ethnic groups whose livelihood is vulnerable due to recurrent drought and degradation. Despite the preliminary observation showing the rich dry-forest resource base that, if sustainably managed could enhance livelihoods and biodiversity conservation, there is lack of empirical data on its current status. We conducted a study aiming at quantifying the population status of gum- and resin-bearing species in two randomly selected districts, Hamer and Bena-Tsemay. Seventy-five quadrats （35 at Hamer and 40 at Bena-Tsemay） each measuring 400 m2 were established along line transects to assess species diversity and equitability, density, frequency, dominance, importance value and population structure. We recorded a total of 27 woody species of 12 families and 14 genera. Fifteen species （9 at Hamer and 14 at Bena-Tsemay） of the genera Acacia, Boswellia, Commiphora and Sterculia, were identified as either major sources of commercial gums and resins or their adulterants. Gum- and resin-bearing species comprised 56% and 57% of species richness, 48% and 50% of total density per ha, 95% and 98% of basal area, and 64% and 56% of importance values at Hamer and Bena-Tsemay, respectively. Diversity of the entire woody species assemblage and of the gum- and resin-bearing species was slightly higher at Bena-Tsemay （H= 2.61, 1.4） than at Hamer （H＇= 2.48, 1.28）, respectively. The diversity and abundance of the resource base suggest potential for development of value-added commercialization of gum and resins to enhance livelihoods and encourage sustainable management of the forest at these study areas. We recorded, however, declining natural regeneration of most gum- and resin-bearing species, and this calls for integrated and participatory species management and landscape rehabilitation.

关键词： Acacia Boswellia Commiphora Sterculia gum and resins population status southern Ethiopia

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