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Exploring Antarctic subglacial lakes with RECoverable Autonomous Sonde(RECAS): Design and first field tests

Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1866-1878页

作者： SUN YouHong PAVEL Talalay LI YuanSheng YU HaiBin WANG DongLiang LI GuoPing XU LiPing GONG Da WANG JiXin WANG JianHua WANG Ting ZHANG Nan WANG ZhiGang CHEN YanJi LIU YunChen LI YaZhou PENG ShiLin SHI JianGuang AN ChunLei GE Qun XU Jing NI XiaoKang CUI QiFeng JIANG Qiang MIKHAIL Sysoev Yang Yang WANG RuSheng WEI XianZhe WANG Yu ZHU TianXin DENG ZhiPeng ALEXEY Markov LI Bing FAN XiaoPeng Polar research center Jilin University School of engineering and technology China University of Geosciences Polar research Institute of China College of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi University Aerospace System engineering Shanghai Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences National Ocean technology center

Conducting scientific drilling on subglacial lakes and obtaining samples of subglacial lake water holds great significance in unraveling the formation and evolution of Antarctic subglacial lakes and early Earth's life forms. Despite various approaches to access and directly sample subglacial water and sediments, clean access and exploration of subglacial lakes remain challenging.To address this concern, Jilin University has developed the RECoverable Autonomous Sonde(RECAS) prototype. This technology enables sampling and in-situ detection of subglacial lake water while being isolated from the surface, thus minimizing the risk of pollution. Laboratory tests, including downward and upward drilling, long-running, remote-control, and cold-environment assessments, were conducted to validate the sonde's principle and functionality. During the 38th Chinese National Antarctic research Expedition, CHINARE(2021–2022 season), the RECAS prototype underwent testing on the flank region of D?lk glacier, 10 km from Zhongshan Station in Antarctica. Three boreholes with depths of 200.3, 183.2, and 133.5 m were successfully drilled, with the refrozen meltwater sealing the boreholes during the process. Approximately 600 mL of melted water samples were collected from each hole. Throughout the drilling tests, all systems of the RECAS prototype performed within the expected ranges.

关键词： subglacial lake thermal drilling water sampling Antarctic autonomous sonde

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Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu Kim Dohyeon Gong Woon-Hong Yeo Seungyong Han Seung Hwan Ko Department of Mechanical engineering Seoul National University IEN center for Human-Centric Interfaces and engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

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Influence of syngas components and ash particles on the radiative heat transfer in a radiant syngas cooler

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第4期68卷 203-215页

作者： Chen Han Youmin Situ Huaxing Zhu Jianliang Xu Zhenghua Dai Guangsuo Yu Haifeng Liu National Energy Coal Gasification technology research and Development center East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Shanghai engineering research center of Coal Gasification East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Radiant syngas cooler(RSC)is widely used as a waste heat recovery equipment in industrial gasification.In this work,an RSC with radiation screens is established and the impact of gaseous radiative property models,gas components,and ash particles on heat transfer is investigated by the numerical simulation method.Considering the syngas components and the pressure environment of the RSC,a modified weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model was developed.The modified model shows high accuracy in validation.In computational fluid dynamics simulation,the calculated steam production is only 0.63%in error with the industrial data.Compared with Smith's model,the temperature decay along the axial direction calculated by the modified model is faster.Syngas components are of great significance to heat recovery capacity,especially when the absorbing gas fraction is less than 10%.After considering the influence of particles,the outlet temperature and the proportion of radiative heat transfer are less affected,but the difference in steam output reaches 2.7 t·h^(-1).The particle deposition on the wall greatly reduces the heat recovery performance of an RSC.

关键词： Radiant syngas cooler Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model Numerical simulation Particle radiation

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Developing silicon-based photocathodes for CO_(2) conversion

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1904-1921页

作者： Weijie Zhuang Miao Kan Tao Meng Jinlong Zhang Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China Shanghai engineering research center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) presents a promising avenue for solar-driven chemical fuel production,with silicon emerging as a cost-effective and high-light-absorbing material pivotal to this technology.Aiming at exploring opportunities for industrializing PEC CO_(2) reduction(PEC-CO_(2)R)by minimizing reaction energy consumption,enhancing reaction efficiency and selectivity,this review summarizes recent advancements in developing Si-based photocathodes for PEC-CO_(2)R.It outlines the fundamental principles,advantages,and limitations of Si photocathodes with key performance metrics.Based on this understanding,the strategies to enhance the performance of the PEC-CO_(2)R system,including light absorption,charge separation,and catalytic reactions are categorized as the interfacial modification,active site decoration,and protective layer design.The design ideas of this advantageous three-layer structure in promoting the efficiency,stability,and selectivity have been clarified.Then,this review scrutinizes the influence of the photocathodic chemical environment.This review consolidates the mechanism insights and notable breakthroughs of various fuel generation processes within Si-based PEC-CO_(2)R systems.Providing this wealth of information offers an up-to-date perspective on the dynamic developments in silicon-based PEC-CO_(2) conversion and underscores the promising pathways toward the sustainable fuel synthesis from pollutant CO_(2).

关键词： photoelectrochemistry solar fuels silicon photocathodes carbon dioxide reduction microenvironment

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Characteristics of turbulent flow in 3-D pools in the presence of submerged rigid vegetation in channel bed

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 158-169页

作者： Kourosh Nosrati Hossein Afzalimehr Jueyi Sui Hamid Reza Reisifar Natural Disasters Prevention research center Faculty of Civil EngineeringIran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran School of engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been investigated.Various laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,turbulent kinetic energy,and skewness coefficients for a constant density of vegetation.Results showed that the velocity profile in the pool section deviates from those in the upstream section of the pool.It has been found that the dip parameter varied between 0.6H and 0.9H depending on various factors including bed roughness,vegetation distribution,and pool entrance/exit slopes.However,scattered vegetation in the pool and differences in slopes created non-uniform flow conditions.Also,in the wake region behind each vegetated element,flow velocity reduced significantly,and small-scale eddies are formed,causing increased perturbations.By decreasing the entrance slope and bed roughness,relatively uniform flow and weaker turbulence was resulted,but the random distribution of vegetated elements counteracted this balance and intensified turbulence.With the decrease in the pool entrance slope,the contribution of sweep event decreased and the contribution of ejection event increased.

关键词： Submerged rigid vegetation 3-D pool Reynolds shear stress skewness coefficients

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Enhancement of liquideliquid micromixing performance in curved capillary microreactor by generation of Dean vortices

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第4期68卷 76-82页

作者： Shaoyun Wu Zhuang Ma Zichi Yang Suying Zhao Caijin Zhou Huidong Zheng Fujian engineering research center of Advanced Manufacturing technology for Fine Chemicals College of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou362114China

Micromixing efficiency is an important parameter for evaluating the multiphase mass transfer performance and reaction efficiency of microreactors.In this work,the novel curved capillary reactor with different shapes was designed to generate Dean flow,which was used to enhance the liquideliquid micromixing performance.The VillermauxeDushman probe reaction was employed to characterize the micromixing performance in different curved capillary microreactors.The effects of experiment parameters such as liquid flow rate,inner diameter,tube length,and curve diameter on micromixing performance were systematically investigated.Under the optimal conditions,the minimum value of the segmentation factor XS was 0.008.It was worth noting that at the low Reynolds number(Rereactor can significantly improve the micromixing performance with XS reduced by 37.5%.Further,the correlations of segment index XS with dimensionless factor such as Reynolds number or Dean number were developed,which can be used to predict the liquide liquid micromixing performance in capillary microreactors.

关键词： Microreactor Process intensification Micromixing performance Dean flow

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A review on surface coating strategies for anti-hygroscopic of high energy oxidizer ammonium dinitramide

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 237-269页

作者： Hongyu Yang Fuyao Chen Yiwen Hu Qiangqiang Lu Lei Xiao Yinglei Wang Fengqi Zhao Wei Jiang Gazi Hao National Special Superfine Powder engineering research center of China School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Xi’an Modern Chemistry research Institute Xi’an 710065China

Ammonium dinitramide(ADN),which has the advantages of high energy density,no halogen and low characteristic signal,is not only considered as a new high-energy oxidizer that is expected to replace the traditional oxidizer ammonium perchlorate(AP)in solid propellants,but also a good performance explosive in itself.However,due to the strong hygroscopicity of ADN,its application in solid propellants and explosives is greatly limited.Solving the hygroscopicity of ADN is the key to realize the wide application of ADN.In this paper,we systematically review the research progress of anti-hygroscopic strategies of ADN coating.The surface coating methods are focusing on solvent volatilization,solvent-non-solvent,melt crystallization and atomic layer deposition technology.The characteristics of the different methods are compared and analyzed,and the basis for the classification and selection of the coating materials are introduced in detail.In addition,the feasibility of material for surface coating of ADN is evaluated by several compatibility analysis methods.It is highly expected that the liquid phase method(solvent volatilization method,solvent-non-solvent method)would be the promising method for future ADN coating because of its effective,safety and facile operation.Furthermore,polymer materials,are the preferred coating materials due to their high viscosity,easy adhesion,good anti-hygroscopic effect,and heat resistance,which make ADN weak hygroscopicity,less sensitive,easier to preserve and good compatibility.

关键词： Ammonium dinitramide(ADN) Energetic materials Anti-hygroscopic Surface coating Compatibility analysis

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Explosion Hazard Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transportation

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2024年第2期29卷 252-260页

作者：高思达郝琳朱振兴卫宏远 School of Chemical engineering and technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China National engineering research center for Petroleum Refining technology and Catalyst Beijing 100083China

This paper presents a quantitative risk analysis of liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)transportation.An accident that happened on June 13,2020,on the highway near Wenling,China is studied as a case.In this accident,LPG carried by a tank truck on the highway leaked and caused a large explosion,which led to 20 deaths.Different methods are combined to calculate the consequence of the accident.Multi-energy model and rupture of vessel model are employed to calculate the overpressure;the simulation result of the multi-energy model is closer to the damage caused by the accident.The safety distances in accidents of LPG transport storage tanks of different capacities are calculated in this study;the results show that the damage of explosion will increase with the filling degree of the tank.Even though the filling degree is 90%(value required by law),the 99%fatality rate range will reach 42 m,which is higher than regulated distance between road and building.The social risk of the tank truck has also been calculated and the results show that the risk is not acceptable.The calculating method used in this study could evaluate the risk of LPG tanker more accurately,which may contribute to the establishment of transportation regulation so that losses from similar accidents in the future could be reduced.

关键词： liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) quantitative risk analysis explosion consequence calculation

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Effect of Co on Solidification Characteristics and Microstructural Transformation of Non-equilibrium Solidified Cu-Ni Alloys

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 444-453页

作者：安红恩 Bih-Lii Chua Ismail Saad Willey Yun Hsien Liew Materials engineering research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia College of Mechanical and Electronic engineering Huanghe Jiaotong UniversityJiaozuo 454950China Henan engineering technology research center on Intelligent Manufacturing technology and Equipment Jiaozuo 454950China Centre of research in Energy and Advanced Materials Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Nano engineering and Materials research group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Non-equilibrium solidification structures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys were prepared by the molten glass purification cycle superheating method.The variation of the recalescence phenomenon with the degree of undercooling in the rapid solidification process was investigated using an infrared thermometer.The addition of the Co element affected the evolution of the recalescence phenomenon in Cu-Ni alloys.The images of the solid-liquid interface migration during the rapid solidification of supercooled melts were captured by using a high-speed camera.The solidification rate of Cu-Ni alloys,with the addition of Co elements,was explored.Finally,the grain refinement structure with low supercooling was characterised using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The effect of Co on the microstructural evolution during nonequilibrium solidification of Cu-Ni alloys under conditions of small supercooling is investigated by comparing the microstructures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys.The experimental results show that the addition of a small amount of Co weakens the recalescence behaviour of the Cu55Ni45 alloy and significantly reduces the thermal strain in the rapid solidification phase.In the rapid solidification phase,the thermal strain is greatly reduced,and there is a significant increase in the characteristic undercooling degree.Furthermore,the addition of Co and the reduction of Cu not only result in a lower solidification rate of the alloy,but also contribute to the homogenisation of the grain size.

关键词： non-equilibrium solidification recalescence effect solidification character microstructure

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Analysis of deformation mechanisms in magnesium single crystals using a dedicated four-point bending tester

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1911-1917页

作者： Yutaka Yoshida Rikuto Izawa Kenji Ohkubo Faculty of engineering Kitami Institute of Technology Graduate student Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology Kyokuto Kaihatsu Kogyo Co. Ltd. center for Advanced research of Materials Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University

In this study, we explored the deformation mechanisms of Mg single crystals using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction in conjunction with a dedicated four-point bending tester. We prepared two single-crystal samples,oriented along the and directions, to assess the mechanisms of deformation when the initial basal slip was suppressed. In the sample, the primary {■} twin(T1) was confirmed along the direction of the sample on the compression side with an increase in bending stress. In the sample, T1 and the secondary twin(T2) were confirmed to be along the direction, with an orientation of ±60° with respect to the bending stress direction, and their direction matched with(0001) in T1 and T2. This result implies that crystallographically, the basal slip occurs readily. In addition, the sample showed the double twin in T1 on the compression side and the tertiary twin along the direction on the tension side. These results demonstrated that the maximum bending stress and displacement changed significantly under the bend loading because the deformation mechanisms were different for these single crystals.Therefore, the correlation between bending behavior and twin orientation was determined, which would be helpful for optimizing the bending properties of Mg-based materials.

关键词： Four-point bending Magnesium single crystal Twinning Basal slip Scanning electron microscopy Electron backscatter diffraction

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