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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a possible intervention to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes:A new horizon

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第2期15卷 133-136页

作者： Mahmoud Nassar Ajay Chaudhuri Husam Ghanim Paresh Dandona department of internal medicine Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and MetabolismJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of BuffaloBuffaloNY 14221United States

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is a chronic autoimmune condition that destroys insulinproducing beta cells in the pancreas,leading to insulin deficiency and *** management of T1D primarily focuses on exogenous insulin replacement to control blood glucose ***,this approach does not address the underlying autoimmune process or prevent the progressive loss of beta *** research has explored the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)as a novel intervention to modify the disease course and delay the onset of ***-1RAs are medications initially developed for treating type 2 *** exert their effects by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion,suppressing glucagon secretion,and slowing gastric *** evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs may also benefit the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with *** article aims to highlight the potential of GLP-1RAs as an intervention to delay the onset of T1D,possibly through their potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and preservation of *** article aims to explore the potential of shifting the paradigm of T1D management from reactive insulin replacement to proactive disease modification,which should open new avenues for preventing and treating T1D,improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals at risk of T1D.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Semaglutide Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Insulin therapy Autoimmune response Blood glucose monitoring Β-cell preservation Early screening Teplizumab Randomized controlled trials

Heterogeneity in the risk of incident liver cirrhosis driven by PNPLA3 genotype and diabetes among different populations

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 115-118页

作者： Bo Kyung Koo Dong Hyeon Lee Jeong Hwan Park Won Kim Division of endocrinology Department of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea department of internal medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea department of Pathology Boramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea

Advanced fibrosis determines the prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD);therefore,accurate risk-prediction for advanced fibrosis is fundamental in the management of NAFLD(1).Targeted screening for advanced fibrosis in high-risk populations,such as those with type 2 diabetes,obesity with metabolic complications,a family history of cirrhosis,or significant alcohol use is recommended for implementing early intervention to prevent future adverse hepatic outcomes of NAFLD(2,3).Non-invasive tests including fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4)and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)are recommended to identify individuals at a higher risk of liver-related events(1,2).In addition to clinical classifications,such as FIB-4;genetic information provides further stratification for liver-related outcomes(4).

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) cirrhosis PNPLA3-rs738409

From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-Flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-Ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru department of endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru department of endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru department of endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru internal medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru department of endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia internal medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru department of endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

Inflammatory bowel disease(ulcerative colitis type)severity shows inverse correlation with semen parameters and testosterone levels

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 155-159页

作者： Darmadi Darmadi Cennikon Pakpahan Rajender Singh Ankur Saharan Wanly Syahrizal Pasaribu Hermansyah Hermansyah Andri Rezano department of internal medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan 20155Indonesia Andrology Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversitas AirlanggaSurabaya 60132Indonesia Division of endocrinology Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUtar Pradesh 226031India Amity University LucknowUttar Pradesh 226010India department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversitas PadjadjaranSumedang 45363Indonesia

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have been reported to be at an increased risk of infertility and sexual *** the relationship between them remains unclear,IBD severity is suspected to affect hormone levels and *** analyze the impact of IBD severity on semen parameters and sex hormone levels in ulcerative colitis-type IBD(UC-IBD),we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 120 patients with UC-IBD in Adam Malik General Hospital,Medan,*** patients were classified into three groups based on the Mayo score for Uc,followed by a comparison of various semen and hormone parameters among these *** addition to the cross-sectional analysis,a simple correlation test was conducted irrespective of the patient *** concentration,motility,and morphology were found to decline significantly with an increase in IBD *** classifying patients with IBD into subgroups,the Mayo score showed negative correlations with sperm concentration(r=-0.375,P<0.0001),rapid progressive motility(r=-0.660,P<0.0001),free testosterone(r=-0.732,P<0.0001),and total testosterone(r=-0.721,P<0.0001),and positivecorrelations with immotile sperm(r=0.660,P<0.0001),abnormal morphology(r=0.657,P<0.0001),and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG;r=0.278,P=0.002).Sperm concentration,motility,and morphology declined significantly with the severity of *** study suggests a significant negative impact of IBD severityonsemenqualityand sexhormones.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease reproductive health sexual health sperm parameter testosterone

Drawing lines in the sand: The growing threat of obesity in type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 823-827页

作者： Theocharis Koufakis Dimitrios Patoulias Ioanna Zografou Nikolaos Papanas Djordje S Popovic Second Propedeutic department of internal medicine Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece Diabetes Centre Second Department of Internal MedicineDemocritus University of ThraceAlexandroupolis 68100Greece Clinic for endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic DisordersClinical Center of VojvodinaMedical FacultyUniversity of Novi SadNovi Sad 21000Serbia

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zeng et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes in *** focus on the epidemiological,pathophysiological,and clinical interplay between obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Overweight and obesity represent a growing threat for modern societies and people with T1DM could not be an exception to this *** exogenous insulin administration,genetic and epigenetic factors,and psy-chosocial and behavioral parameters,along with the modern way of life that incorporates unhealthy eating patterns and physical inactivity,set the stage for the increasing obesity rates in *** our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of obesity and hyperglycemia expands,it becomes clear that there are overlap zones in the pathophysiology of the two main types of *** regarding strict dividing lines between“autoimmune”and“metabolic”phenotypes increase the risk of trapping physicians into ineffective therapeutic approaches,instead of individualized diabetes *** this context,the use of adjuncts to insulin therapy that have the potential to alleviate cardiorenal risk and decrease body weight can reduce the burden of obesity in patients with T1DM.

关键词： Obesity Overweight Type 1 diabetes Metabolic syndrome

Deferred revascularization in diabetic patient according to combined invasive functional and intravascular imaging data:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2269-2274页

作者： Arif Al Nooryani Wael Aboushokka Branko Beleslin Biljana Nedeljkovic-Beleslin department of Cardiology Al Qassimi HospitalSharjah 1234United Arab Emirates department of Cardiology Medical FacultyUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade 11000Serbia Institute of endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic DisordersUniveristy Clinical Center of SerbiaBelgrade 11000Serbia department of internal medicine/endocrinology Medical facultyUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade 11000Serbia

BACKGROUND Invasive functional evaluation by fractional flow reserve(FFR)is considered as a gold standard for the evaluation of intermediate coronary ***,in patients with diabetes due to accelerated progression of atherosclerosis the outcome may be worse even in the presence of negative functional *** SUMMARY We present a case of 55-year-old male diabetic patient who was admitted for chest *** coronary angiography disclosed 2 intermediate stenoses of the obtuse marginal branch with no evidence of restenosis on previously implanted *** undergone invasive functional testing of intermediate lesion with preserved FFR(0.88),low coronary flow reserve(1.2)and very high index of microvascular resistance(84).Due to discrepancy in invasive functional parameters,intravascular imaging with optical coherence tomography showed fibrotic stenoses without signs of thin-sup *** of the preserved FFR and no signs of vulnerable plaque,the interventional procedure was deferred and the patient continued with optimal *** Combined functional and anatomic imaging of intermediate coronary stenosis in diabetic patients represent comprehensive contemporary decision pathway in the management of the patients.

关键词： Fractional flow reserve Coronary flow reserve Index of microvascular resistance Optical coherence tomography Intermediate coronary stenosis Case report

Jianpi Qinghua Formula Alleviates Diabetic Myocardial Injury Through Inhibiting JunB/c-Fos Expression

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 144-155页

作者： Lin WANG Qing-guang CHEN Hao LU department of endocrinology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China department of Traditional Chinese medicine Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)represents a substantial risk factor for heart failure and increased mortality in individuals afflicted with diabetes mellitus(DM).DCM typically manifests as myocardial fibrosis,myocardial hypertrophy,and impaired left ventricular diastolic *** the clinical utility of the Jianpi Qinghua(JPQH)formula has been established in treating diabetes and insulin resistance,its potential efficacy in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy remains *** study aims to investigate the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of the JPQH formula(JPQHF)in ameliorating myocardial injury in nonobese diabetic rats,specifically focusing on apoptosis and *** Wistar rats were assigned as the normal control group(CON),while Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were randomly divided into three groups:DM,DM treated with the JPQHF,and DM treated with metformin(MET).Following a 4-week treatment regimen,various biochemical markers related to glucose metabolism,cardiac function,cardiac morphology,and myocardial ultrastructure in GK rats were *** sequencing was utilized to analyze differential gene expression and identify potential therapeutic *** vitro experiments involved high glucose to induce apoptosis and inflammation in H9c2 *** viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay,apoptosis was monitored via flow cytometry,and the production of inflammatory cytokines was measured using quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and *** expression levels were determined by Western blotting *** investigation also incorporated the use of MAPK inhibitors to further elucidate the mechanism at both the transcriptional and protein *** The JPQHF group exhibited significant reductions in interventricular septal thickness at end-systole(IVSs)and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole and end-diastole(LVIDs and LVIDd).JPQHF effectively suppressed high glucose-induced activation of IL-1βand caspase 3 in

关键词： Jianpi Qinghua formula diabetic cardiomyopathy AP-1 transcription factor apoptosis inflammation

Navigating the complex terrain of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the era of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2748-2750页

作者： Wei-Nung Liu Ming-Shen Dai Felicia Lin Gen-Min Lin department of medicine Tri-Service General HospitalTaipei 114Taiwan Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114Taiwan Community Care Minnesota OncologyMinneapolisMN 55404United States department of medicine Hualien Armed Forces General HospitalHualien City 970Taiwan

In this editorial,we offer a summary of the risk associated with hepatitis B reactivation(HBVr)in the setting of both solid and hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors,with insights derived from current ***,we emphasize the critical need for a framework regarding robust risk evaluation in patients undergoing such *** framework is essential for identifying those at increased risk of HBVr,enabling healthcare providers to implement proactive measures to prevent reactivation and ensure the safe administration of BTK inhibitor therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus reactivation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors Hematologic malignancies Solid tumors Prophylaxis guidelines

Recent trends in the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea,2010-2018

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1154-1163页

作者： Seulji Kim Hyun Jung Lee Seung Woo Lee Sanghyun Park Seong-Joon Koh Jong Pil Im Byeong Gwan Kim Kyung-Do Han Joo Sung Kim department of internal medicine Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812South Korea department of internal medicine and Liver Research Institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978South Korea

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the *** epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the *** To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South Korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and *** We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service and Rare and Intractable Diseases(RIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance service of South *** with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,and RID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to *** In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and *** annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) *** 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in *** CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and *** clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study *** The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and *** clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Incidence Prevalence