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Ferroptosis:copper-iron connection in cuprizone-induced demyelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 89-90页

作者： Priya Jhelum Samuel David centre for Research in Neuroscience and Brain Program The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQCCanada

Redox active metals such as iron,copper,zinc,and manganese play important roles in promoting a variety of biochemical reactions essential for cellular function.This is made possible by the ability of these metals to accept and donate electrons.Iron in the form of iron-sulfur clusters and heme plays a key role in adenosine triphosphate generation in mitochondria as well as numerous other enzymatic reactions.On the other hand.

关键词： function. copper metals

Unsupervised ore/waste classification on open-cut mine faces using close-range hyperspectral data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 89-99页

作者： Lloyd Windrim Arman Melkumyan Richard J.Murphy Anna Chlingaryan Raymond Leung Rio Tinto centre for Mine Automation Australian Centre for Field RoboticsThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

The remote mapping of minerals and discrimination of ore and waste on surfaces are important tasks for geological applications such as those in mining.Such tasks have become possible using ground-based,close-range hyperspectral sensors which can remotely measure the reflectance properties of the environ-ment with high spatial and spectral resolution.However,autonomous mapping of mineral spectra mea-sured on an open-cut mine face remains a challenging problem due to the subtleness of differences in spectral absorption features between mineral and rock classes as well as variability in the illumination of the scene.An additional layer of difficulty arises when there is no annotated data available to train a supervised learning algorithm.A pipeline for unsupervised mapping of spectra on a mine face is pro-posed which draws from several recent advances in the hyperspectral machine learning literature.The proposed pipeline brings together unsupervised and self-supervised algorithms in a unified system to map minerals on a mine face without the need for human-annotated training data.The pipeline is eval-uated with a hyperspectral image dataset of an open-cut mine face comprising mineral ore martite and non-mineralised shale.The combined system is shown to produce a superior map to its constituent algo-rithms,and the consistency of its mapping capability is demonstrated using data acquired at two differ-ent times of day.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Mineral mapping Open-cut mine face Machine learning Convolutional neural networks Illumination invariance

Spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO_(2) over India using radiocarbon measurements in crop plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 19-30页

作者： Rajveer Sharma Ravi Kumar Kunchala Sunil Ojha Pankaj Kumar Satinath Gargari Sundeep Chopra Inter University Accelerator centre New Delhi 110067India centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi 110016India

Examining the contribution of fossil fuel CO_(2) to the total CO_(2) changes in the atmosphere is of primary concern due to its alarming levels of fossil fuel emissions over the globe,specifically developing countries.Atmospheric radiocarbon represents an important observational constraint and utilized to trace fossil fuel derived CO_(2)(CO_(2ff))in the atmosphere.For the first time,we have presented a detailed analysis on the spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO_(2)(CO_(2ff))over India using radiocarbon(Δ14C)measurements during three-year period.Analysis shows that theΔ14C values are varying between 29.33‰ to-34.06‰ across India in the year 2017,where highest value belongs to a location from Gujarat while lowest value belongs to a location from Chhattisgarh.Based on the14C patterns,spatial distributions of CO_(2ff) mole fractions have been determined over India and the calculated values of CO_(2ff) mole fractions are varying between 4.85 ppm to 26.59 ppm across India.It is also noticed that the highest CO_(2ff) mole fraction is observed as 26.59 ppm from a site in Chhattisgarh.CO_(2ff) mole fraction values from four high altitude sites are found to be varied between 4.85 ppm to 14.87 ppm.Effect of sampling different crop plants from the same growing season and different crop plant organs(grains,leaves,stems)on theΔ14C and CO_(2ff) have been studied.Annual and intra seasonal variations in theΔ14C and CO_(2ff) mole fractions have also been analyzed from a rural location(Dholpur,Rajasthan).

关键词： Carbon dioxide Crop plants Fossil fuel CO_(2) Radiocarbon measurements

Recent advances in wheel–rail RCF and wear testing

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摩擦:英文版 2023年第12期11卷 2181-2203页

作者： Sundar SHRESTHA Maksym SPIRYAGIN Esteban BERNAL Qing WU Colin COLE centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhampton 4701Australia Australasian centre for Rail Innovation Canberra 2601Australia

The wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) testing approaches for wheels and rails have been reviewedand evaluated in this study. The study points out the advantages and limitations of the existing approaches. Thebroad analysis revealed that scaled laboratory-based wear testing is widely applied. However, it is necessary topredetermine the input parameters and observing parameters for scaled wear testing for three reasons: first, toemulate the real-world scenarios as closely as possible;second, to postprocess the results received from the scaledtesting and transfer them into real practice at full scale;third, to present the results in a legible/appropriate format.Therefore, most of the important parameters required for wear testing have been discussed with fundamental andsystematic explanations provided. Additionally, the transition of the parameters from the real-world into the testdomain is explained. This study also elaborates on the challenges of the RCF and wear testing processes andconcludes by providing major considerations toward successful testing.

关键词： wear testing rolling contact fatigue(RCF)testing wheel-rail

Application of Blockchain in Trusted Digital Vaccination Certificates

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China CDC weekly 2022年第6期4卷 106-110页

作者： Zixiong Zhao Jiaqi Ma Chinese centre for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

With the increasing number of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases and worldwide vaccination coverage,‘vaccination passports’(vaccination certificates)may become a required permit for global travel,thereby supporting economic recovery.On March 7,2021,Wang Yi,State Councilor and Foreign Minister of China,announced the launch of the Chinese version of an‘international travel health certificate’at a press conference of the National People’s Congress and the Chinese Political Consultative Conference.He proposed a feasible‘Chinese solution’for promoting the recovery of the global economy and the facilitation of cross-border travel,and hoped that the international travel health certificate and vaccination passport can be mutually authenticated.

关键词： travel thereby mutually

Effect of serum γ-glutamyltranferase and albumin levels on the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第6期17卷 313-320页

作者： Maciej Kubala Alexis Hermida Otilia Buiciuc Pierre-Marc Lallemand Geneviève Bertaina Frédéric Anselme Didier Klug Momar Diouf Jean-Sylvain Hermida centre Hospitalier Universitaire AmiensFrance centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire RouenFrance centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire LilleFrance

Background Several liver function tests have been identified as predictors of hospitalization for heart failure(HF) and death in patients with chronic HF. The relationship between serum γ-glutamyltranferase(GGT) and albumin(SA) levels with the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) has not been reliably determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of liver function tests on the results of CRT in the elderly. Methods Baseline GGT and SA were assessed before CRT device implantation in the elderly(> 70-year-old) patients. The endpoints were:(1) CRT response defined as > 5% left ventricular ejection fraction improvement and no hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death;(2) hospitalizations;and(3) mortality. Results Eighty of 138(58%) included patients were responders at nine months. Compared to responders, the SA levels were not significantly different(35.1 ± 5.4 vs. 33.6 ± 5.5 g/L, P = 0.103);but the GGT levels, higher(81.6 ± 69.3 vs. 54.7 ± 49.6 U/L, P = 0.013) in non-responders to CRT. GGT level was independently associated with non-response to CRT(P < 0.001, OR = 0.17;95% CI: 0.08–0.38, P < 0.001). GGT cut-off value ≥ 55 U/L was highly predictive of non-response [AUC = 0.65, 64% Sensitivity, 69% Specificity(95% CI: 0.56–0.74)]. GGT ≥ 55 U/L was also associated with higher risk of hospitalization for atrial fibrillation(AF)(95% vs. 83%, P = 0.024). Both SA and GGT had no impact on overall(P = 0.220, P = 0.723) mortality. Conclusions Higher level of GGT is an independent predictor of non-response to CRT in patients over age 70 years and is associated with higher risk of hospitalization for AF. Baseline serum levels of albumin and GGT and have no impact on mortality in elderly patients undergoing CRT.

关键词： Cardiac resynchronization therapy Heart failure Liver enzymes The elderly

Updates on hepatitis E virus

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第10期135卷 1231-1233页

作者： Zhaochao Liang Lin Wang Ling Wang Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease centre School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191China

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is the causative agent of hepatitis E.Globally,it is estimated that 20 milion HEV infections with 3.3 million symptomatic cases occur annully,and the mortality rate is 0.5%to 3%in general population.Although hepatitis E is commonly considered as an acute,self-limited disease,HEV_infection can be chronic in immunocompromised patients and related,with high mortality rate and poor pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.

关键词： mortality hepatitis acute

Delineation of sensitive coastal zone of northern Ramanathapuram coast,Tamilnadu,India,using a GIS approach

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第5期13卷 456-463页

作者： Gurugnanam Balasubramanian Sreechitra Suresh Santonu Goswami Bairavi Swaminathan Glitson Francis Pereira centre for Applied Geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia National Remote Sensing centre India

This research aims to assess the sensitive coastal zones by analyzing the shoreline changes such as accretion and erosion in the eastern coastal part of Ramanathapuram District,Tamil Nadu,India.The study focused on Mandapam,Pirappanvalsai,Enmanamcondam,Nagachi,Terbogi,Athyuthu,Chitrakkottai,Pathengal,Attangarai,Alagankulam,and Devipattinam villages.Some of these areas are distinguished as highly sensitive ecological zone.The erosion of an area leads to irreplaceable disturbances to nature.Hence,erosion and accretion studies are top priorities when studying the coastal area.In addition to GIS technology,which has been widely used in the past 20 years,the End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR)analyses were conducted to better understand the shoreline changes.The stability of the coastal region was analyzed by observing the slope variations of the beach during the profile survey.In the study,we analyzed that the Quaternary deposits of sand are the dominant geological feature of the study area.Coral reefs and salt pans are highly distributed along the coastal stretch.The coast of Mandapam village has been detected as a highly sensitive region,with an average erosion rate of-3.1 m/yr and an average accretion rate of 1.22 m/yr,resulting in high erosion and low accretion.The coast is a steep coast with an average slope angle of 0.24°.This study provides insight into sustainable coastal zone management.

关键词： End point rate Linear regression rate Geographic information system Beach profile Ramanathapuram

One Health: navigating plague in Madagascar amidst COVID-19

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 67-72页

作者： Ritik Agrawal Jogesh Murmu Sweta Pattnaik Srikanta Kanungo Sanghamitra Pati ICMR-Regional Medical Research centre BhubaneswarOdishaIndia

Background Africa sees the surge of plague cases in recent decades,with hotspots in the Democratic Republic of Congo,Madagascar,and Peru.A rodent-borne scourge,the bacterial infection known as plague is transmitted to humans via the sneaky bites of fleas,caused by Yersinia pestis.Bubonic plague has a case fatality rate of 20.8%with treatment,but in places such as Madagascar the mortality rate can increase to 40–70%without treatment.Main text Tragedy strikes in the Ambohidratrimo district as three lives are claimed by the plague outbreak and three more fight for survival in the hospitals,including one man in critical condition,from the Ambohimiadana,Antsaharasty,and Ampanotokana communes,bringing the total plague victims in the area to a grim to five.Presently,the biggest concern is the potential plague spread among humans during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Effective disease control can be achieved through training and empowering local leaders and healthcare providers in rural areas,implementing strategies to reduce human–rodent interactions,promoting water,sanitation and hygiene practices(WASH)practices,and carrying out robust vector,reservoir and pest control,diversified animal surveillance along with human surveillance should be done to more extensively to fill the lacunae of knowledge regarding the animal to human transmission.The lack of diagnostic laboratories equipped represents a major hurdle in the early detection of plague in rural areas.To effectively combat plague,these tests must be made more widely available.Additionally,raising awareness among the general population through various means such as campaigns,posters and social media about the signs,symptoms,prevention,and infection control during funerals would greatly decrease the number of cases.Furthermore,healthcare professionals should be trained on the latest methods of identifying cases,controlling infections and protecting themselves from the disease.Conclusions Despite being endemic to Madagascar,the outbreak’s pace is unparalleled,and it ma

关键词： Plague Madagascar WASH Surveillance Animal surveillance One Health Yersinia pestis Early warning