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Assessment of the effects of Supplemental Rumen Protected B Vitamins and Choline for Periparturient Cows: A Meta-Analysis of 28 Feeding Studies

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 151-165页

作者： essi evans emilie Fontaine Ousama AlZahal Chris Gwyn e + e technical advisory services Bowmanville Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe Canada AlZahal Innovation and Nutrition Kitchener Canada

There are currently no prescribed requirements for B vitamins or choline for dairy cows during the transition period, but many recent studies have shown a variety of benefits from supplying these nutrients to periparturient cows. The purpose of this research effort was to determine the potential benefit of including a rumen protected blend composed of B vitamins (riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin B12) and choline (RPBlend, Jefo Nutrition Inc., St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) for dairy cows during the transition period, based on results from 28 on-farm feeding studies (USA-12, Mexico-7, Canada-4, Chile-3, Australia-1, Brazil-1) conducted between 2011 and 2018. All farms participated in monthly herd management record keeping systems and were selected to participate in studies due to their excellent management. Meta-analyses in which risk differences were determined were used to assess the effects of the supplemental RPBlend on health parameters and reproduction. The effect size was used as the determinant of the possible contribution of RPblend on the yields of milk, energy corrected milk (eCM), fat and protein yields during the first four weeks of lactation. Results showed that the inclusion of RPblend reduced (P e first 30 days after calving. There was a tendency (P educed retained placenta and metritis. The meta-analyses revealed that the risk of the displaced abomasum and milk fever did not diminish (P > 0.10) with the inclusion of the BPBlend. The incidence rate of subclinical ketosis, determined as blood beta hydroxy butyric acid greater than 1.2 mM was lower (P (than those not supplemented. The proportion of cows confirmed pregnant by 100 days in milk was greater for cows given the BPBlend (P eld and eCM were greater for cows receiving the RPBlend (1.13 and 0.93 kg/cow respectively, P ere was no change in fat yield (P > 0.10) while the yield of milk protein was greater (P

关键词： Lactating Dairy Cows Transition Period Rumen Protection B Vitamins Choline

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Assessment of Lactational Performance in Dairy Cows Receiving a Rumen Protected B Vitamin Blend during Lactation: Part 2: A Regression Analysis of 50 Studies

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 623-634页

作者： essi evans Helene Leclerc emilie Fontaine Ousama Al Zahal elizabeth Santin e + e technical advisory services Bowmanville Ontario Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc. St. Hyacinthe Quebec Canada AlZahal Innovation and Nutrition Kitchener Ontario Canada

A previous series of meta-analyses demonstrated that a protected blend of B vitamins (RPBV: folic acid, B12, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and biotin;Jefo, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) improved milk fat and protein yield, with variation in the extent of the response. These results represent additional analyses of the same dataset to determine if the degree of response to RPVB on milk, fat and protein yield might be related to the level of production, lactation number, or days in milk (DIM). Results from 50 on-farm switchback trials conducted in 7 countries between 2005 and 2015 were included in the analysis. All herds participated in monthly milk recording services, and all were Holstein herds. A total of 6483 cows, averaging 163 DIM on the first test date, participated in the studies. Data were analyzed using regression models that accounted for the effects of trial, period, days in milk (DIM) and lactation number on milk and component yield. Milk yield and fat yield increased with B vitamin inclusion, and the extent of change was determined to increase with lactation number (P -protected B vitamin blend = 4.05 + [0.917 ×

关键词： Meta-Regression Dairy Nutrition Rumen Protection B Vitamins

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Review： Sugar beets as a substitute for grain for lactating dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 539-548页

作者： essi evans Ulrike Messerschmidt technical advisory services Inc 64 Scugog St Bowmanville ON L1C3J Canada KWS SAAT Se Grimsehlstr. 31 P.O. Box 1463D-37555 Einbeck Germany

Dairy cows are customarily given grains and highly digestible byproduct ingredients as additions to forage to support milk production. In many parts of the world growing seasons are short, and the grain crops that can be grown may not provide adequate yields. Sugar beets, on the other hand are relatively hardy, and dry matter yields surpass the yields of most grain crops. There are however, perceptions that beets may not be suitable as a feed ingredient due to the fact that the storage form of carbohydrate is sugar rather than starch. With little analytical support, sugar has been rejected in many feeding programs with the view that sugar reduces rumen pH, fiber digestion and microbial yield. This review explores available facts revolving around these concerns. Information regarding the feeding of sugar beets is provided and the use of sugar beets as a partial replacement for grain is proposed.

关键词： Dairy cattle Feed beets Fodder beets Methane Sugar Sugar beets

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Ring Oscillator for 60 Meter Bandwidth

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第7期46卷 93-105页

作者： Rachana Arya B.K.Singh e.C.e.Department B.T.Kumaon Institute of TechnologyUttrakhnad Technical UniversityDehradun263653UttrakhandIndia electrical engineering Department B.T.K.I.T.DwarahatAlmoraUttrakhandIndia

The 60-meter band range is tremendously useful in telecommunication,military and governmental *** I.T.U.(International Telecommunication Union)required isolationism to former radio frequency services because the various frequency bands are extremely *** allocation of new frequency bands are a lengthy procedure as well as time *** a result,the researchers use bidirectional,amateur radio frequency communication for 60-meter band,usually the frequency slot of 5250-5450 KHz,although the entire band is not essentially obtainable for all *** transmission and reception of these frequencies,a local oscillator is used in the mixer unit to generate the local signal for mixing the input and reference *** this function different type of oscillators are *** this paper,a three-stage ring oscillator is designed with 1 V *** oscillators(RO)is the base to explore like to identifying,specify with modelling resources in the disparity in behaviour of the circuit in terms of industrialized design and layout *** type of oscillators are free from noise as inductor is not used to the circuit as in LC oscillator,Heartly oscillator,Colpitt and tuned *** present approach of circuit designing,the scaling of CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)transistor will moderate,the procedure *** the forthcoming article,a ring oscillator with fixed capacitor(1 pF)and with variable capacitors(1 to 100 pF)is *** frequency analysis with different capacitor is *** total delay of 3-stage oscillator is 4.82 ns with 5.2 MHz oscillation *** overall Power dissipation of the circuit is 1.852μWat 1 V *** simulation analysis is performed on 45 nm CMOS technology with both transistor width are 278 and 420 nm.

关键词： Ring oscillator power dissipation delay frequency sweep capacitor

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effects of a rumen protected B vitamin blend substituted for biotin upon milk production and component yield in lactating dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 93-98页

作者： essi evans David T. Mair essi evans technical advisory services Inc. Bowmanville Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc. Quebec Canada

Results from 4 switchback field trials involving 608 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) vs 10 mg of unprotected biotin upon milk yield (kg), fat %, protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 DHIA periods executed in the order control-test-control. Cows from 45 to 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment that were available for all 3 periods were included in the analysis. No diet changes other than the substitution of 3 grams/cow/day of the BVB for 10 mg of biotin during the test period occurred. Results from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period by individual cow using a paired T test. Results for all cows showed that the provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P ercentage (%), protein %, fat yield and protein yield. Analysis by age revealed that milk production and milk protein yield were only improved in mature cows. Milk production had a negative effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The change in milk yield was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein % and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation beyond those witnessed with biotin, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.

关键词： B Vitamin Blend Biotin Milk Components

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effects of a rumen protected B vitamin blend upon milk production and component yield in lactating dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 76-82页

作者： essi evans David T. Mair essi evans technical advisory services Inc. Bowmanville ON Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada

Results from 12 switchback field trials involving 1216 cows were combined to assess the effects of a protected B vitamin blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat percentage (%), protein %, fat yield (kg) and protein yield (kg) in primiparous and multiparous cows. Trials consisted of 3 test periods executed in the order control-test-control. No diet changes other than the inclusion of 3 grams/cow/ day of the BVB during the test period occurred. Means from the two control periods were compared to results obtained during the test period using a paired T test. Cows include in the analysis were between 45 and 300 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment and were continuously available for all periods. The provision of the BVB resulted in increased (P ein %, fat yield and protein yield. Regression models showed that the amount of milk produced had no effect upon the magnitude of the increase in milk components. The increase in milk was greatest in early lactation and declined with DIM. Protein and fat % increased with DIM in mature cows, but not in first lactation cows. Differences in fat yields between test and control feeding periods did not change with DIM, but the improvement in protein yield in mature cows declined with DIM. These results indicate that the BVB provided economically important advantages throughout lactation, but expected results would vary with cow age and stage of lactation.

关键词： B Vitamin Blend Biotin Folic Acid Pyridoxine Pantothenic Acid

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Methods to evaluate Rumen Protected Lysine for Dairy Cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2015年第4期5卷 495-499页

作者： essi evans Josh Lamont Helene Leclerc technical advisory services Inc. Bowmanville Canada Atlantic Dairy and Forage Institute Fredericton Junction Canada Jefo Nutrition Inc St. Hyacinthe Canada

There are many rumen protected amino acid products available for dairy cattle feeding. However, feed formulation programs require values related to rumen solubility, rate of disappearance in the rumen and total tract digestibility and often such values are not available. In vivo testing procedures are complex, time consuming and expensive. This study was conducted to determine if a newrapid, lower cost in vitro method developed for feed ingredients could be applied to a rumen protected lysine product (DairynatLys-30, Jefo Nutrition Inc). In vivo determination of the rapidly solubilized protein fraction, rate of degradation of the slowly solubilized fraction and total tract digestibility studies were compared to the in vitro method in use in many ingredient analysis laboratories for feed ingredients such as forages, protein supplements and grains. Results showed that the rapidly soluble fraction (8.33% and 8.66% of total N for in vivo and in vitro methods) and rates of disappearance in the rumen (2.64%/h and 2.43%/h for in vivo and in vitro procedures) compared favorably between the two methods for the rumen protected product. Total tract digestibility values were slightly higher (84.4%) with the in vivo method used than with the in vitro method (75.9%), and both are in the expected calculated range of digestibility of 80%. In conclusion the in vitro method appears to be an acceptable alternative for evaluating rumen protected amino acids.

关键词： Rumen Protected Amino Acids Lysine In Vitro Testing

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evaluation of grain corn grown in New Brunswick for dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 70-75页

作者： essi H. evans Nancy Clark Josh Lamont David Walker Atlantic Dairy and Forage Institute Fredericton Junction NB Canada essi evans technical advisory services Inc. Bowmanville ON Canada New Brunswick Department of Agriculture & Aquaculture Fredericton NB Canada

Corn harvested as grain is a relatively new crop for the province of New Brunswick. The recent availability of local corn has the potential to improve the sustainability of the dairy industry in New Brunswick, but there is debate within the industry concerning the value and best use of the grain. This experiment was conducted to assess the feeding value of locally-produced corn grain stored as dry grain, ensiled high moisture corn, or ensiled as high moisture corncob meal (HMCCM, unhusked ears sometimes referred to as snaplage) relative to dry grain obtained from Ontario. Three samples of each were evaluated In Sacco. Rates and extent of digestion were similar for local and Ontario corn regardless of presentation for crude protein and starch, but acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility values were lower for HMCCM than other treatments. A 4 × 4 Latin square study was conducted with 16 Holstein cows and 28 day feeding periods. Milk production and milk protein production were higher (P e locally produced dry corn than with other treatments. energy corrected milk was lowest with the HMCCM diet. These results indicated that the value of corn produced in New Brunswick is similar to that produced in Ontario.

关键词： Corn In Sacco Digestibility Digestion Rates Diet Digestibility

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Developing a TRL-oriented roadmap for the adoption of biocomposite materials in the construction industry

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2023年第2期10卷 223-236页

作者： Tudor-Cristian PeTReSCU Johannes T.VOORDIJK Petru MIHAI Department of Structural Mechanics Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building ServicesGheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi700050 IasiRomania Department of Civil engineering Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of Twente7552 LW Enschedethe Netherlands Department of Concrete MaterialsTechnology and ManagementFaculty of Civil Engineering and Building ServicesGheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi700050 IasiRomania

The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental *** effect of the construction industry on the environment may be mitigated using eco-friendly construction materials,such as *** developed,biocomposites may offer a viable alternative to the current materials in ***,biocomposites are lagging in terms of adoption and eventual use in the construction *** article provides insights into the steps for biocomposites to become a product that is ready to use by the construction industry in a structural *** development and the adoption of such a material is tackled with the use of two concepts,i.e.,technology readiness level and roadmapping,and explored in a case study on the“liquid wood”.Furthermore,interviews in the construction industry are carried out to identify the industry’s take on biocomposites.A customized roadmap,which underlines a mostly nontechnical perspective concerning this material,has ***,the adoption and diffusion issues that the“liquid wood”may encounter are outlined and complemented with further recommendations.

关键词： biocomposite technology readiness level roadmap interview “liquid wood”

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A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1581-1597页

作者： emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani Aderemi elisha Okeyinka Sunday Adeola Ajagbe Ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun Temitope Samson Adekunle Pragasen Mudali Matthew Olusegun Adigun Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria SDG 11 Group Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computing MiVA UniversityAbuja900211Nigeria Department of Computer Science Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai911101Nigeria Department of Computer Science University of ZululandKwadlangezwa3886South Africa Department of Computer&Industrial Production engineering First Technical UniversityIbadan200243Nigeria Department of Multimedia engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunasLT-44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins80523USA

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max *** paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and *** guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks,

关键词： Nearest neighbour heuristic farthest insertion heuristic half max insertion heuristic tour construction travelling salesman problem

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