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Role of ethanol in the regulation of hepatic stellate cell function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 6926-6932页

作者： Jian-Hua Wang Robert G Batey Jacob George Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute University of Sydney and WestmeadHospital Westmead New South Wales Australia drug and alcohol clinical services HunterNew England Area Health Service Locked Bag 119 WallsendNew South Wales 2287 Australia

Evidence has accumulated to suggest an important role of ethanol and/or its metabolites in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease. In this review, the fibrogenic effects of ethanol and its metabolites on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are discussed. In brief, ethanol interferes with retinoid metabolism and its signaling, induces the release of fibrogenic cytokines such as transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) from HSCs, up-regulates the gene expression of collagen I and enhances type I collagen protein production by HSCs. Ethanol further perpetuates an activated HSC phenotype through extracellular matrix remodeling. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms by which ethanol exerts these pro-fibrogenic effects on HSCs are reviewed.

关键词： Ethanol Acetaldehyde Hepatic stellate cells liver fibrosis Type I collagen gene Transcription factors Transforming growth factor β-1

INTRANASAL MORPHINE FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT

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神经解剖学杂志 2001年第B7期17卷 93-95页

作者： Lisbeth ILLUM West Pharmaceutical services Drug Delivery & Clinical research Centre Ltd. Albert Einstein Centre Nottingham Science & Technology Park Nottingham NG7 2TN UK PhD

Morphine is a potent narcotic analgesic which is widely used for preoperative and anxiolytic therapy in paediatric patients, for the management of postoperative pain and for moderate to severe pain in cancer patients. It produces a large variety of pharmacological responses by interacting with the opioid receptors in the nervous system. At least one third of newly diagnosed cancer patients and about two thirds of patients with

关键词：吗啡鼻内使用镇痛效果生物有效性

Survival after pentobarbitone overdose confirmed through Prescription,Recreational and Illicit Substance Evaluation(PRISE)programme in Australia

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 231-236页

作者： Thanjira Jiranantakan Sarah Ritchie Cristy Rowe Jason Tran Catherine McDonald Santiago Vazquez Robin Auld Jared Brown centre for alcohol and other drugs NSW Ministry of healthst Leonardsaustralia NSW Poisons information centre The sydney children’s hospitals networkWestmeadaustralia edith collins centre central clinical schoolFaculty of Medicine and healthThe University of sydneysydneyaustralia drug health services royal Prince alfred hospitalcamperdownaustralia Wagga Wagga Base hospital Wagga Waggaaustralia Forensic Toxicology NSW health PathologyForensic&analytical science serviceLidcombeaustralia

Deaths caused by barbiturate overdoses have increased in the past decade,especially as a result of suicide *** is a central nervous system depressant used for sedation and euthanasia in veterinary ***,pentobarbitone analysis is not commonly available in the hospital setting;hence,its occurrence in overdoses is *** we describe a patient who ingested pentobarbitone obtained from the Internet with the purpose of ending his *** became comatose and required ventilation for 6 *** critically ill,the drug and a barbiturate test kit were found in his room at his *** analysis of the patient’s blood determined the presence of pentobarbitone at levels of 91,56,and 19 mg/L at 11,59,and 107 h after ingestion,*** supportive care,the patient made a full *** stated that he believed the liquid was to be pentobarbitone,and that he had received advice on its use from an online forum that he had found on a dark web *** this report,we highlight the process by which we facilitated pentobarbitone analysis with a rapid turnaround time,which helped to inform clinical management and raise awareness among *** access was made through the Prescription,Recreational and Illicit Substance Evaluation(PRISE)programme,which is a collaborative network among the New South Wales(NSW)Ministry of Health,NSW Poisons Information Centre(PIC),and NSW Health Pathology Forensic&Analytical Science Service(FASS).

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology pentobarbitone barbiturate suicide dark web toxicology testing

Developing a school-based drug prevention program to overcome barriers to effective program implementation: The CLIMATE schools: alcohol module

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 410-422页

作者： Laura E. Vogl Maree Teesson Nicola C. Newton Gavin Andrews clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression University of New South Wales Sydney Australia National drug and alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

Although effective school-based alcohol prevention programs do exist, the overall efficacy of these programs has been compromised by implementation failure. The CLIMATE Schools: alcohol Module was developed to overcome some of the obstacles to high fidelity program implementation. This paper details this development of the CLIMATE Schools: alcohol Module. The development involved two stages, both of which were considered essential. The first stage, involved reviewing the literature to ensure the program was based on the most effecttive pedagogy and health promotion practice and the second stage involved collaborating with teachers, students and specialists in the area of alcohol and other drugs, to ensure these goals were realised. The final CLIMATE Schools: alcohol Module consists of computer-driven harm minimisation program which is based on a social influence approach. The program consists of six lessons, each with two components. The first component involves students completing an interactive computer-based program, with the second consisting of a variety of individual, small group and class-based activities. This program was developed to provide an innovative new platform for the delivery of drug education and has proven to be both feasible and effective in the school environment. The success of this program is considered to be testament to this collaborative development approach.

关键词： Program Development Implementation School-Based drug Prevention alcohol

Reflections on variability in the blood-breath ratio of ethanol and its importance when evidential breath-alcohol instruments are used in law enforcement

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第4期5卷 300-308页

作者： Alan Wayne Jones Johnny Mack Cowan Division of drug Research Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden Department of Public Safety(now retired) AustinTXUSA

Variability in the blood-breath ratio(BBR)of alcohol is important,because it relates a mea-surement of the blood-alcohol concentration(BAC)with the co-existing breath-alcohol con-centration(BrAC).The BBR is also used to establish the statutory BrAC limit for driving from the existing statutory BAC limits in different *** in-vivo BBR depends on a host of analytical,sampling and physiological factors,including subject demographics,time after end of drinking(rising or falling BAC),the nature of the blood draw(whether venous or arterial)and the subject's breathing pattern prior to exhalation into the breath *** results from a controlled drinking study involving healthy volunteers(85 men and 15 women)from three ethnic groups(Caucasians,Hispanics and African Americans)were used to evaluate various factors influencing the *** in breath was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer(Intoxilyzer 8000)and BAC was determined by headspace gas chromatography(HS-GC).The BAC and BrAC were highly correlated(r = 0.948)and the BBR in the post-absorptive state was 2 382±119(mean ± SD).The BBR did not depend on gen-der(female:2 396±101 and male:2 380±123,P>0.05)nor on racial group(Caucasians 2 398±124,African Americans 2 344±119 and Hispanics 2 364±104,P>0.05).The BBR was lower in subjects with higher breath-and body-temperatures(P<0.05)and it also decreased with longer exhalation times into the breath-analyzer(P<0.001).In the post-absorptive state,none of the 100 subjects had a BBR of less than 2 100∶1.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology blood-ethanol breath-ethanol blood-breath ratio biological variation drunken driving law-enforcement statutory alcohol limits

Advances in the prediction of biological markers of alcohol dependence relapse

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Journal of Translational Neuroscience 2022年第4期7卷 1-6页

作者： Yinhang Li Tiantian Jiang Tiankai Jiang Yuhang Liang Li Wu Department of clinical Psychology The Affiliated Mental Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650000China Department of alcohol and drug Dependence The Affiliated Mental Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650000China

alcohol dependence is a chronic and re-lapsing disease that causes mental and organ damage due to long-term heavy drinking,which has serious adverse effccts on individuals and *** studics have shown that even after inpatient treatment,the relapse rate of alcohol-dependent patients can be as high as 60%-70%within 3 months after ***,the mecha-nisms associated with relapse to drinking in alcohol-dependent patients are still *** most of the studies reported in the past have been about the relationship between psychosocial factors and relapse to drinking,while few studies have examined the relationship between bi-ological indicators and relapse to ***,in this paper,we summarize the recent literature to explore the biological markers related to alcohol dependence relapse and discuss the progress of research on relapse pre-diction,in order to provide reference and help to reduce the relapse rate and improve the quality of life of patients.

关键词： alcohol dependence relapse biologi-cal marker

A Brief Review of the Relationship between Addiction and Memory Systems

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 151-159页

作者： Kevin Patrick Barman drug Studies/Human services Rio Hondo College Whittier USA

This essay will reexamine research on the relationship between human memory and addiction. This paper will review several studies that discussed how memory systems in the human brain are involved in the acquisition of behavior that is learned and is associated with the development of drug addiction and drug relapse. Additional information reveals that when individuals make the transition from recreational drug or impulsive use to compulsive drug abuse, which may result in a neuroanatomical change in areas of the brain from cognitive control guided by the hippocampus/dorsomedial striatum towards conditioned control of behavior managed by the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) [1]. This review also looked at studies that involved experiments with humans and lower animals, which suggested that the hippocampus mediates a cognitive/spatial type of memory, while the dorsal striatum manages stimulus-response (S-R) habit memory, and the amygdala governs the classical conditioning form of learning and stimulus-affective-associative relationships [1]. Overall, these studies utilize the hypothesis of the memory systems view of addiction, and the involvement of learning and memory in the context of drug addiction, which was proposed by them [2]. This theory has been proposed in response to drug addiction research and includes alcohol, amphetamine, and cocaine [1]. The research also explains how stress and anxiety can play a role in how strong emotional excitement can lead to dependent habit memory in rodents and humans [1]. .

关键词： drug Abuse drug Addiction Learning and Memory Memory Systems

Osteopontin is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease via hepatic stellate cell activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13088-13104页

作者： Devanshi Seth Alastair Duly Paul C Kuo Geoffrey W McCaughan Paul S Haber drug Health services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Garvan Institute Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia Central clinical School of Medicine the University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Department of Surgery Loyola University Medica Centre Maywood IL 60153 United States AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre RPAH Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

AIM: To investigate over-expression of Osteopontin (OPN) pathway expression and mechanisms of action in human alcoholic liver disease (ALD), in vivo and in vitro acute alcohol models.

关键词： Hepatic stellate cells Liver cirrhosis Plasmin Steatosis Fibrogenesis Transforming growth factor β Osteopontin isoform

Construction and evaluation of an alcohol vapor chamber system

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2023年第2期37卷 115-124页

作者： Wan Jiang Jiajia Chen Olivia Ewi Vidjro Yingying Zhang Gengni Guo Ziyi Li Yize Qi Rouli Dai Tengfei Ma School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Translational Medicine Research Center for drug Dependence and Withdrawal Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu 211166China National Institute of drug clinical Trial The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210031China

An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in ***, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic-and depression-like behavior. Finally, the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposureinduced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.

关键词： alcohol use disorders alcohol vapor model anxiety depression NMDA receptor