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Are treatment options used for adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(equally)available and effective for children and adolescents?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 623-628页

作者： Nevena Krnic Vibor Sesa Anna Mrzljak Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Clinics for pediatrics University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia University of Zagreb School of Medicine Zagreb 10000Croatia department for Sport and Exercise Medicine University of Zagreb Faculty of KinesiologyZagreb 10000Croatia

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),influenced by an increase in obesity,is a rising problem *** mechanisms of this early-onset T2DM include both peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance,along with increa-sed hepatic fasting glucose production accompanied by inadequate first and second-phase insulin ***,the incretin effect is *** initial presentation of type 2 diabetes can be dramatic and symptoms may overlap with those of type 1 diabetes ***,immediate therapy should address hyperglycemia and associated metabolic derangements irrespective of ultimate diabetes type,while further therapy adjustments are prone to patients’*** agents with proven glycemic and beyond glycemia benefits,such as Glucagon-like polypeptide 1 receptor agonists and Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,used in the adult population of T2DM patients,might become increasingly important in the treatment ***,metabolic surgery is an option for markedly obese(body mass index>35 kg/m^(2))children and adolescents suffering from T2DM who have uncontrolled glycemia and/or serious comorbidities when lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions *** this mini-review,we will discuss the potential of treatment options considering new data available from randomized control trials,including individuals with adult-onset type diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus Treatment Complications Glucose lowering agents Extra-glycemic benefit

MPDZ variants associated with epilepsies and/or febrile seizures and the individualized genotype-phenotype correlation

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 124-127页

作者： Junxia Luo Yun Li Yong Lv Xin Li Bing Qin Chuanfang Cheng Xiaorong Liu Weiping Liao Jie Wang Zaifen Gao department of Epilepsy Center Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250022China department of Epilepsy Center Jinan Children's HospitalJinanShandong 250022China department of Brain Function and Neuroelectrophysiology The Affiliated Nanhua HospitalHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan 421001China department of pediatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China(Anhui Provincial Hospital)HefeiAnhui 230001China department of pediatrics The Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong 250033China Epilepsy Center and department of Neurosurgery The First Affliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510630China department of Cardiology The Second Afiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510260China Institute of Neuroscience and department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University GuangzhouGuangdong 510260China Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China GuangzhouGuangdong 510260China

The multiple PDZ domain crumbs cell polarity complex component gene(MPDZ;MIM:603785),is highly expressed in the brain across the whole *** encodes the multiple PDZ domain protein,which is a member of the NMDAR signaling complex that may play a role in the control of AMPAR potentiation and synaptic plasticity in excitatory synapses."Previously,MPDZ variants have been demonstrated to be associated with autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus-2(HYC2;MIM:615219)which is commonly complicated by brain abnormalities and developmental *** were reported in only one *** association between MPDz and epilepsy requires clarification.

关键词： epilepsy febrile congenital

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The Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection in Pediatric Infectious Mononucleosis: A Single-Centered, Retrospective Study

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Open Journal of pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 459-475页

作者： Abdishakur Abdukadir Muse Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed Pu Yang Lihong Liao Bibek Dhar Shrestha Agness Nicholaus Kanusya Paul Mwale Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao department of pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China department of Ophthalmology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Background: Recent studies indicate that the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM) has increased in China. Furthermore, it has been shown that children diagnosed with IM are prone to acquiring other pathogens. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of these co-infections in children with IM. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the prevalence of coinfections and common pathogens, as well as to compare clinical manifestations in children with and without coinfections. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the department of pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with data from January 2018 to January 2023. Data, including demographics, symptoms, lab results, and complications, were collected from the hospital’s electronic database and analyzed. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical significance was determined by p-values less than 0.05. Results: The study involved 216 participants diagnosed with IM, predominantly males (61.6%) aged 0 - 4 years (50.9%). Coinfection was detected in 39.8% of children, with multiple pathogens present in 33.72% of these cases. Among coinfection cases, 40% occurred in children under 5 years old, and females made up 54.2% of these cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was the most prevalent pathogen, accounting for 18.1% of cases. Influenza B (IFB) and Influenza A (IFA) viruses were found in 16.7% and 13.9% of participants, respectively, indicating a notable occurrence of respiratory pathogen coinfections. Male gender, fever, tonsillopharyngitis, lower HGB levels, higher ESR, CRP, and AST levels were correlated with coinfections. Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed a high prevalence of coinfections among children diagnosed with IM, particularly involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza viruses. These coinfections were notably

关键词： Prevalence Mononucleosis Coinfection Children Epstein-Barr Virus Features

Sturge–Weber syndrome:an update for the pediatrician

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World Journal of pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 435-443页

作者： Emilie Dingenen Damien Segers Hannelore De Maeseneer Dirk Van Gysel Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences GhentBelgium department of pediatrics O.L.Vrouw Hospital AalstMoorselbaan 1649300AalstBelgium Interdisciplinary Unit of Pediatric Dermatology Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel(UZ Brussel)BrusselsBelgium

Sturge–Weber syndrome(SWS)is a rare congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the simultaneous presence of both cutaneous and extracutaneous capillary *** usually presents as a facial port-wine birthmark,with a varying presence of leptomeningeal capillary malformations and ocular vascular *** latter may lead to significant neurological and ocular morbidity such as epilepsy and *** is most often caused by a somatic mutation involving the G protein subunit alpha Q or G protein subunit alpha 11 gene causing various alterations in downstream signaling *** specifically conducted a comprehensive review focusing on the current knowledge of clinical practices,the latest pathophysiological insights,and the potential novel therapeutic avenues they *** sources A narrative,non-systematic review of the literature was conducted,combining expert opinion with a balanced review of the available literature.A search of PubMed,Google Scholar and Embase was conducted,using keywords“Sturge–Weber Syndrome”OR“SWS”,“Capillary malformations”,“G protein subunit alpha 11”OR“G protein subunit alpha Q”.Results One of the hallmark features of SWS is the presence of a port-wine birthmark at birth,and forehead involvement is most indicative for *** most common ocular manifestations of SWS are glaucoma and choroidal *** presents in either in infancy(0–3 years of age)or later in *** complications are common in SWS,occurring in about 70%–80%of patients,with seizures being the most common *** significantly impacts the quality of life for patients and their families,and requires a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and ***,no disease-modifying therapies exist,and treatment is mostly focused on symptoms or complications as they *** SWS remains a complex and heterogeneous *** research is needed to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies,and to transl

关键词： Capillary malformations G-protein Gq-G11 Port-wine birthmark Neurocutaneous disorder Sturge-Weber syndrome

Home-Nebulized Inhaled Glucocorticoid Therapy in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第5期8卷 188-193页

作者： Jiuwei Dong Lili Zhang Xiaohua Jiang department of pediatrics Yantai Zhifu District Maternal and Child Health HospitalYantai 264000Shandong ProvinceChina department of pediatrics 970 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics ForceYantai 264000Shandong ProvinceChina

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of home-nebulized inhaled glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric respiratory ***:60 cases of children with respiratory diseases admitted between October 2022 and October 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,30 cases *** control group was provided with conventional treatment only,while the observation group was provided with home-nebulized inhalation glucocorticosteroid treatment,and the treatment effects,clinical symptom relief time,disease recurrence rate,and treatment satisfaction of the children’s families were recorded and compared between the two ***:A comparison of the two groups in terms of gender and age showed that the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).In terms of clinical efficacy,the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 66.67%(Pdren in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(Pdren.

关键词： Home-nebulized inhalation Glucocorticoids Pediatric respiratory diseases

Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain:Origin,Impact,and Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Jared H.Graham Johannes C.M.Schlachetzki Xiaoxu Yang Martin W.Breuss department of pediatrics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic ***,research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype—motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth *** recently,we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental ***,we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and *** the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history,technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our *** will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic ***,we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.

关键词： Genomics Brain development Brain homeostasis Genomic mosaicism

Intestinal Parasitosis in Children among Internally Displaced Persons in the Hauts-Bassins Region of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 814-822页

作者： Barro Makoura Yerbanga W Isidore Yonaba Caroline Sawadogo Safiatou Hadry Roger Sibi Matotou Nakanabo-Diallo Seydou Millogo Anselme Naon Sarah Sanogo Bintou Bamba Sanata department of pediatrics Sour Sanou University Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso department of Laboratory Sour Sanou University Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso department of pediatrics Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso department of Biomedical Sciences MURAZ Center Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: The setting up of camps for internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso as a result of terrorism creates favorable conditions for the emergence of digestive parasitosis in these displaced populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of digestive parasitosis in children of this population in the Hauts-Bassins region. Material and methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from November to December 2020, in which stool samples were collected from internally displaced children from the Sinfra reception site in Banzon and from Poya in Karangasso Vigué. The stool samples were stored at room temperature, protected from dust and insects, in a cooler and then sent to the laboratory of the CHUSS in Bobo-Dioulasso where the parasitological analyses were performed. Results: The mean age was 5.8 ± 2.4 years. The most represented age group was 5 to 10 years (75.31%). The sex ratio is 1.61. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 53.09%. The prevalence was statistically higher among those who consumed well water than those consuming tap water (p = 0.01). Monoparasitism by protozoa and helminths represented 74.42% and 6.68% respectively. The polyparasitism rate was 9.31%. The species identified in monoparasite patients were protozoa with Entamoeba coli (37.21%), Giardia lamblia (25.58%), Endolimax nanus (6.98%) and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (4.65%). Biparasitism was identified with combinations, such as E. coli + E. histolytica/dispar (11.63%). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of digestive parasitosis among IDPs in the Sinfra and Poya reception site. Educational sessions on hand washing before meals, use of drinking water, etc. should emphasize preventive measures in these IDP camps.

关键词： Digestive Parasitosis Internally Displaced Children Hauts-Bassins Burkina Faso

Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder in treating viral pneumonia in children

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第21期12卷 4469-4475页

作者： Zi-Liang Lin Xu Xu Jiao-Jiao Yang Li-Qiang Lu Heng Huang Xiao-Zhen Hua Li-Dang Lu department of pediatrics Cangnan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325800Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with communityacquired *** strategies to limit antibiotic use in children with viral pneumonia are *** To explore clinical efficacy of budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder for viral pneumonia in children and its impact on cellular immunity and inflammatory factor *** A total of 60 children with viral pneumonia were recruited:30 receiving budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder and 30 conventional symptomatic *** measures included peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines,CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse *** Compared with the control group,the observation group showed a significant reduction in interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels after *** with the control group,the observation group showed a significant increase in CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and Th1/Th2 levels,and a decrease in Th17/Treg levels after *** total effective rates in the observation group and the control group were 93.75%and 85.00%,respectively,which was a significant difference(P=0.003).CONCLUSION Budesonide/formoterol inhalation powder significantly improved therapeutic efficacy for viral pneumonia in *** mechanism of action may be related to downregulation of the inflammatory response and improved cellular immune function.

关键词： Budesonide/Formoterol inhalation powder Viral pneumonia Immunity CD4^(+)/CD8^(+) Th1/Th2 Th17/Treg

Respiratory Distress in Neonates at the Teaching Hospitals of Lomé, Togo

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Open Journal of pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 657-668页

作者： Mawouto Fiawoo Manani Hemou Foli Agbéko Nouffou Faissale Galinaba Mensa Amblasso Manate Kamaga Koffi Edem Djadou Adama Dodji Gbadoe Nadiedjoa Kokou Douti department of pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo

Introduction: Respiratory distress in neonates is a neonatal emergency that can lead to serious complications if not treated appropriately. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, the diagnostic, and the outcomes of neonatal respiratory distress. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the pediatric wards of Lomé Teaching Hospitals (CHU Sylvanus Olympio and CHU Campus), including neonates treated for respiratory distress (dyspnea associated with the use of accessory muscles of respiration, noisy breathing and with or without cyanosis) from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Data were entered using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS software version 12.0. Results: The total number of neonates hospitalized for respiratory distress was 353, with a frequency of 12.5% and a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 0.82 ± 3.20 days;the 0 - 6-day age group accounted for 92.4% of cases. Neonates had been resuscitated at birth in 46.7% of cases. Dyspnea was tachypnea in 94% of cases and bradypnea in 6%. Dyspnea was associated with cyanosis in 21.5% of cases. The severity of the respiratory distress was moderate in 64.9% of cases. Perinatal asphyxia (49.1%), inhalation pneumonitis (17.1%) and neonatal bacterial infection (14.1%) were the main etiologies. The mortality rate was 20.4%. Age greater than or equal to seven days, no neonatal resuscitation were protective factors against death. Prematurity, no antenatal consultations follow up, neonatal resuscitation, severe respiratory distress were risk factors of death. Conclusion: Neonatal respiratory distress was common in the early neonatal period and its mortality was high.

关键词： Respiratory Distress Neonates Silverman and Andersen Score Togo