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The role of m^(6)A RNA methylation in autoimmune diseases: Novel therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 252-267页

作者： Yunan Shan Wei Chen Yanbin Li The First Clinical Medical College Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandong 250013China Department of neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Provincial Qjanfoshan HospitalShandong Institute of NeuroimmunologyShandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineJinanShandong 250013China Department of Gastroenterology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

N6-methyladenosine m^(6)A modifications,as one of the most common forms of in-ternal RNA chemical modifications in eukaryotic cells,have gained increasing attention in recent *** m^(6)A RNA modifications exert various crucial roles in various biological pro-cesses,such as embryonic development,neurogenesis,circadian rhythms,and *** advances have highlighted that m^(6)A RNA modification plays an important role in im-mune response,especially in the initiation and progression of autoimmune *** this re-view,we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of m^(6)A methylation and its biological functions in the immune system and mainly focused on recent progress in research on the po-tential role of m^(6)A RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,thus providing possible biomarkers and potential targets for the prevention and treatment of auto-immunediseases.

关键词： Adaptive immunity Autoimmune diseases Innate immunity Immune response m^(6)A RNA methylation

Astrocyte Function and Role in Motor Neuron Disease:A Future Therapeutic Target?

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神经损伤与功能重建 2009年第5期4卷 351-362页

作者： DANIEL BLACKBURN SIRANUSH SARGSYAN PETER N.MONK PAMELA J.SHAW academic neurology unit Sheffield Care and Research Centre for Motor Neuron DisordersUniversity of Sheffield

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中数量最多的细胞,从引导轴突、突触支持到控制血-脑脊液屏障及脑血流,发挥多种作用。发挥这些作用需要通过大量不同类型的星形胶质细胞进行。本文对星形胶质细胞的功能,尤其是保持突触平衡、调节神经元信号... 详细信息

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中数量最多的细胞,从引导轴突、突触支持到控制血-脑脊液屏障及脑血流,发挥多种作用。发挥这些作用需要通过大量不同类型的星形胶质细胞进行。本文对星形胶质细胞的功能,尤其是保持突触平衡、调节神经元信号传导、保护氧化损伤下的神经元和决定内源性神经前体细胞分化方面的作用进行综述。本文还重点讨论近年星形胶质细胞在运动神经元病(MND)中的作用方面的研究,强调其在细胞替代治疗中作为治疗靶标和治疗剂的潜能。在20%家族性MND中涉及到的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)基因,其必须表达在胶质细胞和运动神经元中来诱导小鼠疾病模型的疾病状态。在星形胶质细胞中选择性减少突变SOD1(mSOD1)不会影响疾病发作,可延缓疾病进展;但减少运动神经元中的mSOD1可推迟疾病发作,延缓早期病程,对寿命无影响。这提示胶质细胞在MND中可作为潜在的治疗靶标。然而,对星形胶质细胞特异性标志物、前体细胞、亚型的认识缺乏意味着对其发育/分化、应对损伤的了解落后于对其功能的认识。只有深入理解这些问题才能有效运用星形胶质细胞靶向或替代治疗慢性中枢神经系统疾病,如MND。

关键词：星形胶质细胞星形胶质细胞增生胶质纤维酸性蛋白运动神经元病

Mental health disparities in people living with human immunodeficiency virus:A cross-sectional study on physician-patient concordance and treatment regimens

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第18期137卷 2223-2232页

作者： Jinchuan Shi Zhongdong Zhang Junyan Zhang Yishu Zhang Jiating Qiu Fang Liu Daoyuan Song Yanfang Ma Lianmei Zhong Hongxing Wang Xiaolei Liu The Second Infectious Disease Department Hangzhou Xixi HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310023China Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Shanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030032China Department of neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnan 650032China Department of Psychiatry The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnan 650032China Department of neurology Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650031China neurology Department Qian’an People’s HospitalQian’anHebei 064499China Department of neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China

Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)can profoundly affect the mental health of the people living with HIV(PLWH),with higher rates of anxiety,depression,and sleep *** disparities in neuropsychological problems evaluated by physicians and self-assessed by patients are still ***:A total of 5000 PLWH and 500 physicians from 167 hospitals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from September 2022 to February 2023.4-Item Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-4)was used for the evaluation of depressive issues and anxiety issues by *** physician assessed 10 PLWH under their care for the presence of depressive or anxiety *** primary outcomes of this study are the concordance rates on the depressive issues and anxiety issues evaluation between physicians and *** Cohen’s kappa test was used to assess the agreement between physicians and ***:The concordance rate for the evaluation of depressive issues is 73.84%(95%confidence interval[CI]:72.60-75.04%),and it is significantly different from the expected rate of 80%(P<0.001).Similarly,the concordance rate for the evaluation of anxiety issues is 71.74%(95%CI:70.47-72.97%),which is significantly different from the expected rate of 80%as per the null hypothesis(P<0.001).The overestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 12.20%(95%CI:11.32-13.14%),and for anxiety issues is 12.76%(95%CI:11.86-13.71%).The mismatch rate for depressive issues is 26.16%(95%CI:24.96-27.40%),and for anxiety issues is 28.26%(95%CI:27.02-29.53%).The underestimation rate by physicians on depressive issues is 13.96%(95%CI:13.03-14.95%),and for anxiety issues is 15.50%(95%CI:14.52-16.53%).For the treatment regiments,PLWH sustained on innovative treatment regimen(IR)related to a lower prevalence of depressive issues(odds ratio[OR]=0.71,95%CI:0.59-0.87,P=0.003)and a lower prevalence of anxiety issues(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.52-0.76,P<0.001).PLWH switch from conv

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Depression Anxiety Mental health Overestimation Underestimation

Long-term albendazole therapy for diffuse parenchymal neurocysticercosis in an immunocompetent patient:A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第2期16卷 89-91页

作者： Paulus Sugianto Abdulloh Machin Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah Cindy Cecilia Department of neurology Faculty of Medicine-Universitas Airlangga/Dr.Soetomo General-HospitalSurabayaIndonesia

Rationale:Neurocysticercosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the larvae of Taenia solium and may occur in immunocompetent *** report a case of diffuse parenchymal neurocysticercosis mimicking tuberculous meningitis in an immunocompetent *** concerns:A 24-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with serial focal to generalized seizure,left body weakness,left abducens palsy,chronic cough,and body weight *** came from an area where she was unlikely to have contact with Taenia ***:Diffuse parenchymal ***:Valproic acid,dexamethasone and 15 months of albendazole ***:Complete recovery without any neurological sequelae.

关键词： cysticercosis albendazole patient

Comparative utility of vestibular function tests in patients with peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction

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Journal of Otology 2024年第1期19卷 5-9页

作者： Cameron B.Fattahi Christopher Zaro Janice J.Chung Richard F.Lewis Divya A.Chari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery UMASS Memorial Medical CenterUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonMAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of neurology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background: Bithermal caloric irrigation, video head impulse test(vHIT), and rotational testing are commonly used to assess peripheral vestibular function, but the relative clinical utility of each test in differentiating patients with peripheral vestibulopathy is ***: To determine whether(1) the combination of two or more vestibular tests enhances diagnostic utility over a single test;(2) abnormal test results on vestibular tests correlate with one ***: Retrospective analysis of data collected from multidisciplinary vestibular clinics at two academic medical centers from 2016 to ***: 150 patients(54.10 ± 15.09 years, 88 females) were included. No individual test was significantly better at predicting the presence of peripheral vestibular damage(p > 0.05). vHIT test results improved significantly when combined with either the caloric test(p = 0.007) or rotary chair test(p = 0.039). Caloric and rotational testing had high sensitivity(74.65% and 76.06%, respectively) and specificity(83.54% and 78.48%, respectively). vHIT demonstrated excellent specificity(89.87%) but poor sensitivity(47.89%). Caloric, vHIT, and rotary chair tests results did not correlate with one another(p > 0.05).Conclusions: Vestibular function tests have comparable diagnostic utility, yet each offers unique advantages. Caloric and rotational testing may be best suited for screening peripheral damage and vHIT may function ideally as a confirmatory test.

关键词： vestibular patients specificity

The significance of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 34-53页

作者： Fei Jiang Min Wu Rongpeng Li Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells School of Life SciencesJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221000China Department of Laboratory Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221000China drug Discovery Section Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou 325000China Department of neurology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are a group of chronic relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with significant global *** the pathomechanism of IBD has been extensively investigated,several aspects of its pathogenesis remain *** non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides in length that have potential protein-coding *** play important roles in biological processes such as epigenetic modification,transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional *** this review,we summarize recent advances in research on IBD-related lncRNAs from the perspective of the overall intestinal microenvironment,as well as their potential roles as immune regulators,diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents for IBD.

关键词： lncRNAs inflammatory bowel diseases intestinal barrier intestinal microenvironment immune regulator diagnostic biomarker therapeutic target

Olfactory swab sampling optimization for α-synuclein aggregate detection in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 390-400页

作者： Matilde Bongianni Mauro Catalan Daniela Perra Elena Fontana Francesco Janes Claudio Bertolotti Luca Sacchetto Stefano Capaldi Matteo Tagliapietra Paola Polverino Valentina Tommasini Giulia Bellavita Elham Ataie Kachoie Roberto Baruca Andrea Bernardini Mariarosaria Valente Michele Fiorini Erika Bronzato Stefano Tamburin Laura Bertolasi Lorenzo Brozzetti Maria Paola Cecchini Gianluigi Gigli Salvatore Monaco Paolo Manganotti Gianluigi Zanusso Department of Neurosciences Biomedicineand Movement SciencesPoliclinico G.B.RossiUniversity of Verona37134 VeronaItaly neurology unit Department of MedicineSurgery and Health SciencesOspedale CattinaraUniversity of Trieste34128 TriesteItaly neurology unit University of Udine Academic Hospital33100 UdineItaly Department of Surgical Sciences DentistryGynecology and PediatricsUniversity of Verona37134 VeronaItaly Biocrystallography Laboratory Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Verona37134 VeronaItaly Otolaryngology unit Department of MedicineSurgery and Health SciencesOspedale CattinaraUniversity of Trieste34128 TriesteItaly.

Background: In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) detection of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) in olfactory mucosa (OM) is not as accurate as in other α-synucleinopathies. It is unknown whether these variable results might be related to a different distribution of pathological α-syn in OM. Thus, we investigated whether nasal swab (NS) performed in areas with a different coverage by olfactory neuroepithelium, such as agger nasi (AN) and middle turbinate (MT), might affect the detection of pathological α-syn. Methods: NS was performed in 66 patients with PD and 29 non-PD between September 2018 and April 2021. In 43 patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also obtained and all samples were analyzed by RT-QuIC for α-syn. Results: In the first round, 72 OM samples were collected by NS, from AN (NSAN) or from MT (NSMT), and 35 resulted positive for α-syn RT-QuIC, including 27/32 (84%) from AN, 5/11 (45%) from MT, and 3/29 (10%) belonging to the non-PD patients. Furthermore, 23 additional PD patients underwent NS at both AN and MT, and RT-QuIC revealed α-syn positive in 18/23 (78%) NSAN samples and in 10/23 (44%) NSMT samples. Immunocytochemistry of NS prepara-tions showed a higher representation of olfactory neural cells in NSAN compared to NSMT. We also observed α-syn and phospho-α-syn deposits in NS from PD patients but not in controls. Finally, RT-QuIC was positive in 22/24 CSF samples from PD patients (92%) and in 1/19 non-PD. Conclusion: In PD patients, RT-QuIC sensitivity is significantly increased (from 45% to 84%) when NS is performed at AN, indicating that α-syn aggregates are preferentially detected in olfactory areas with higher concentration of olfactory neurons. Although RT-QuIC analysis of CSF showed a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to NS, due to the non-invasiveness, NS might be considered as an ancillary procedure for PD diagnosis.

关键词： Parkinson disease Alpha-synuclein Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay Olfactory mucosa Cerebrospinal fluid

COVID-19 pandemic amplified mortality rates among adolescents with bipolar disorder through family-related factors

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1929-1935页

作者： Zhuo-Fan Ye Yi-Han Hong Jian-Lin Yang Meng-Qing Tan Ju-Min Xie Zu-Cai Xu Department of neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000Guizhou ProvinceChina Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention Medical SchoolHubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi 435003Hubei ProvinceChina Psychological Children's Ward Mental Health Center of HuangshiHuangshi 435111Hubei ProvinceChina The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000Guizhou ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Recently,a growing number of adolescents have been afflicted with mental disorders,with annual morbidity rates on the *** trend has been exacerbated by the global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,leading to a surge in suicide and self-harm rates among this *** To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent bipolar disorder(BD),along with the underlying factors contributing to heightened rates of suicide and self-harm among *** A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted utilizing clinical interviews and self-reports obtained from patients or their *** criteria for BDs were based on the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,international classification of diseases-11,and the National institute of mental health research domain *** analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 software,with significance set at Pacademic stress,genetic predisposition and exposure to school-related ***,a significant increase in suicide attempts and self-harm incidents was observed among adolescents with BD during the COVID-19 *** analysis indicated that the pandemic exacerbated familial discord and heightened academic stress,thereby amplifying the prevalence of suicidal behavior and self-harm among *** The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated familial tensions and intensified the incidence of suicide and self-harm among adolescents diagnosed with *** study underscores the urgent need for societal,familial and educational support systems to prioritize the well-being of adolescents and offers valuable insights and guidelines

关键词： Adolescents Bipolar disorder COVID-19 Suicide Self-harm

COVID-19 and neurologic manifestations:a synthesis from the child neurologist’s corner

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第6期18卷 373-382页

作者： Carolina Valderas Gastón Méndez Alejandra Echeverría Nelson Suarez Katherin Julio Francisca Sandoval Department of neurology Hospital Dr.Exequiel González CortésGran Avenida JoséMiguel Carrera 33008900085SantiagoRegión MetropolitanaChile

Background Since December 2019,the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a global health *** main clinical presentation of this virus is a flu-like disease;however,patients with diverse neurologic manifestations have also been *** this review,we attempt to summarize,discuss and update the knowledge of the neurologic manifestations in the pediatric population affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pandemic’s effects in children with neurologic *** sources This review analyzes studies found on the PubMed database using the following keywords:Neurologic manifestations COVID-19,Neurological COVID-19,coronavirus,SARS-CoV-2,pediatric COVID-19,COVID-19 in children,MIS-C,Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome,Guillain BarréSyndrome,Stroke,ADEM,and Anti-NMDA *** studies cited were published between 2004 and 2022,and represent the most relevant articles in the *** World Health Organization COVID-19 online dashboard was assessed to obtain updated epidemiological *** The most common neurologic symptoms in the pediatric population are headache,seizures,encephalopathy,and muscle *** can be present during COVID-19 or weeks after recovering from *** who presented with multi-system inflammatory syndrome had a higher incidence of neurologic manifestations,which conferred a greater risk of morbidity and *** neuro-pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed,including direct virus invasion,hyper-inflammatory reactions,multi-systemic failure,prothrombotic states,and immune-mediated *** the other hand,the COVID-19 pandemic has affected patients with neurologic diseases,making it challenging to access controls,treatment,and *** Various neurologic manifestations have been associated with children’s SARS-CoV-2 *** is important to identify and give them proper and opportune treatment because they can be potentially grave and life-threatening;some can lead to long-lasting se

关键词： Coronavirus COVID-19 Neurologic Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 MIS-C