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Advancements in nanotechnology for the delivery of phytochemicals

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 385-398页

作者： divya Chauhan Pavan K.Yadav Nazneen Sultana Arun Agarwal Saurabh Verma Manish K.Chourasia Jiaur r.Gayen division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Central Drug Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Academy of scientific and Innovative research

Phytosomes(phytophospholipid complex) are dosage forms that have recently been introduced to increase the stability and therapeutic effect of herbal medicine. Currently, bioactive herbs and the phytochemicals they contain are considered to be the best remedies for chronic diseases. One promising approach to increase the efficacy of plant-based therapies is to improve the stability and bioavailability of their bio-active ingredients. Phytosomes employ phospholipids as their active ingredients, and use their amphiphilic properties to solubilize and protect herbal extracts. The unique properties of phospholipids in drug delivery and their use in herbal medicines to improve bioavailability results in significantly enhanced health benefits. The introduction of phytosome nanotechnology can alter and revolutionize the current state of drug delivery. The goal of this review is to explain the application of phytosomes, their future prospects in drug delivery, and their advantages over conventional formulations.

关键词： Bioavailability drug delivery system Phytochemical Phytosome Plant extracts

Flexible bronchoscopy for foreign body aspiration in children:A single-centre experience

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 127-134页

作者： Aleh Sautin Kirjl Marakhouski Aleh Pataleta Kirill Sanfirau diagnostic division Republican Scientific and Practical Centre of Paediatric SurgeryMinsk 220013Belarus

BACKGrOUNd The technological evolution of bronchoscopy has led to the widespread adoption of flexible techniques and their use for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Currently,there is an active debate regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of rigid vs flexible bronchoscopy in the treatment of foreign body aspiration.AIM To evaluate our experience with tracheobronchial foreign body extraction using flexible bronchoscopy and provide a literature overview.METHOdS This was a single-centre retrospective study.Twenty-four patients were enrolled between January 2017 and January 2023.Medical records of patients aged below 18 years who were admitted to authors’affiliated institution with a suspected diagnosis of foreign body aspiration were collected from hospital’s database to Microsoft Excel 2019.data were analysed using MedCalc Statistical Software.rESULTS Patient ages varied from 9 months to 11 years.The median age was 23.5 months,95%confidence interval(CI)19.49-44.77.We observed age clustering in children with foreign body aspiration at our institution with three age subgroups:(1)0-25 months;(2)40-60 months;and(3)120-140 months.We expectancy of an organic tracheobronchial foreign body was significantly higher in 0-25 months subgroup than that in older ones when subgroups 40-60 and 120-140 months were combined together(odds ratio=10.0,95%CI:1.44-29.26,P=0.0197).Successful foreign body extraction was performed in all cases.Conversion to a rigid bronchoscope was not required in any of the cases.No major complications(massive bleeding,tracheobronchial tree perforation,or asphyxia)were observed.CONCLUSION Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective and safe method for tracheobronchial foreign body extraction in children.

关键词： Foreign body aspiration Tracheobronchial foreign body Paediatric bronchoscopy Flexible bronchoscopy rigid bronchoscopy

The interplay of drug therapeutics and immune responses to SArS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 197-200页

作者： Valeria Fumagalli Matteo Iannacone division of Immunology Transplantationand Infectious DiseasesIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly Vita-Salute San raffaele University MilanItaly Experimental Imaging Centre IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly

The SArS-CoV-2 pandemic has necessitated rapid therapeutic and preventative responses.While vaccines form the frontline of defense,antiviral treatments such as nirmatrelvir have emerged as vital adjunctive measures,particularly for those unable or unwilling to be vaccinated.This review delves into the potential influence of nirmatrelvir on enduring immunity.In parallel,the potential of drug repurposing is explored,with bisphosphonates being examined for their possible effects against COVId-19 due to their immunomodulatory properties.The importance of rigorous clinical trials and careful interpretation of preliminary data is emphasized.

关键词： SArS-CoV-2 Nirmatrelvir Bisphosphonates Adaptive immunity drug repurposing

Multifunctional polyeugenol-based nanoparticles with antioxidant and antibacterial properties

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 194-204页

作者： Qiaoqiao Lan Xuying Zhang Jiaming Liang Wei Wang Leili Lv Jiamin He Zefeng Wang Chunsheng Qu The People's Hospital of Lishui Lishui323000China College of Ecology Lishui UniversityLishui32300China r&d Center of Green Manufacturing New Materials and Technology of Synthetic Leather Sichuan University-Lishui University Lishui323000China

Over the past few decades,extensive scientific has been dedicated to polymer synthesis employing renewable resources.In this study,we devised and synthesized multifunctional polyeugenol-based nanoparticles,exhibiting remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties.The grafting of eugenol onto the nanoparticle surface was achieved via a thiol-ene chemical reaction with a grafting rate of 3.5%.To comprehend the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles,we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Subsequent scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed the presence of a crosslinked structure within the polyeugenol-based nanoparticles,as well as a heteroge-neous microsphere structure on the surface.due to the inherent crosslinking structure,the polyeugenol-based nanoparticles demonstrated robust the resistance to solvents,as ascertained through thermog-ravimetric analysis and solvent resistance tests.Notably,nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies confirmed the adsorption capacity of the polyeugenol-based nanoparticles,rendering them potentially suitable for drug transport applications.Moreover,the assays for assessing cytocompatibility and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities demonstrated better performance of the eugenol-based nano-particles compared to eugenol.Furthermore,the polyeugenol-based nanoparticles exhibited certain bactericidal activities against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Fusobacterium nucleatum.Consequently,these observations indicated the nontoxic nature and expansive application prospects of the polyeugenol-based nanoparticles in the domains of medicine and food preservation.This work presented a pioneering concept for the development of antioxidant and antibacterial multifunctional polymer materials derived from eugenol.

关键词： Polyeugenol-based nanoparticles Bactericidal activities Cytocompatibility

A creep model for ultra-deep salt rock considering thermal-mechanical damage under triaxial stress conditions

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 588-596页

作者： Chao Liang Jianfeng Liu Jianxiong Yang Huining Xu Zhaowei Chen Lina ran College of Water resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Underground Storage Engineering Langfang065007China CNPC Engineering Technology r&d Company Limited Beijing102206China

To investigate the specific creep behavior of ultra-deep buried salt during oil and gas exploitation,a set of triaxial creep experiments was conducted at elevated temperatures with constant axial pressure and unloading confining pressure conditions.Experimental results show that the salt sample deforms more significantly with the increase of applied temperature and deviatoric loading.The accelerated creep phase is not occurring until the applied temperature reaches 130℃,and higher temperature is beneficial to the occurrence of accelerated creep.To describe the specific creep behavior,a novel three-dimensional(3d)creep constitutive model is developed that incorporates the thermal and mechanical variables into mechanical elements.Subsequently,the standard particle swarm optimization(SPSO)method is adopted to fit the experimental data,and the sensibility of key model parameters is analyzed to further illustrate the model function.As a result,the model can accurately predict the creep behavior of salt under the coupled thermo-mechanical effect in deep-buried condition.Based on the research results,the creep mechanical behavior of wellbore shrinkage is predicted in deep drilling projects crossing salt layer,which has practical implications for deep rock mechanics problems.

关键词： Creep experiments Creep model Thermal and mechanical damage Fractional derivative

Lighting up plants with near-infrared fluorescence probes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 774-787页

作者： Yida Pang Mengjiao Lu Hyeonji rha Wenchao Yang Amit Sharma Yao Sun Jong Seung Kim National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationCenter for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide College of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China department of Chemistry Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea CSIr-Central scientific Instruments Organisation Sector-30CChandigarh160030India TheranoChem Incorporation Seongbuk-guSeoul02856Korea

Fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive and highly sensitive bioimaging technique that has shown remarkable strides in plant science. It enables real-time monitoring and analysis of biological and pathological processes in plants by labeling specific molecular or cellular structures with fluorescent probes. However, tissue scattering and phytochrome interference have been obstacles for conventional fluorescence imaging of plants in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum, resulting in unsatisfactory imaging quality. Fortunately, advances in near-infrared(NIr) fluorescence imaging technology(650-900 nm) offer superior spatial-temporal resolution and reduced tissue scattering, which is sure to improve plant imaging quality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of NIr fluorescence imaging probes and their applications for in vivo plant imaging and the identification of plant-related biomolecules. We hope this review provides a new perspective for plant science research and highlights NIr fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool for analyzing plant physiology, adaptive mechanisms, and coping with environmental stress in the near future.

关键词： NIr fluorescent probe plant imaging biologic application

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Performance assessment of prefabricated vertical drains in mitigating soil reliquefaction subjected to repeated seismic events using shaking table experiments

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 411-427页

作者： Gowtham PAdMANABHAN Ganesh Kumar SHANMUGAM department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Geotechnical Engineering division CSIr-Central Building research Institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The use of prefabricated vertical drains(PVd)in liquefiable deposits is gaining attention due to enhanced drainage.However,investigations on PVd in mitigating re-liquefaction during repeated shaking events are not available.This study performed a series of shaking table experiments on untreated and PVd-treated specimens prepared with 40%and 60%relative density.repeated sinusoidal loading was applied with an incremental peak acceleration of 0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,and 0.4g,at 5 Hz shaking frequency with 40 s duration.The performance of treated ground was evaluated based on the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure(EPWP),induced sand densification,subsidence,and cyclic stress ratio.In addition,the strain accumulated in fresh and exhumed PVd was investigated using geotextile tensile testing apparatus aided with digital image correlation.No evidence of pore pressure was reported up to 0.2g peak acceleration for 40%and 60%relative density specimens.The continuous occurrence of soil densification and drainage medium restrained and delayed the generation of EPWP and expedited the dissipation process.This study demonstrates PVd can mitigate re-liquefaction,without suffering from deterioration,when subjected to medium to high intense repeated shaking events.

关键词： prefabricated vertical drains drainage re-liquefaction shaking table digital image correlation

Joint Effects of Multipollutant Mixtures on Mortality in Chengdu,China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期37卷 112-116页

作者： ZHANG Ying TIAN Qi Qi HU Wen dong ZHANG Shao Bo WANG Shi Gong ZHENG Can Jun Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Atmospheric SciencesChengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225SichuanChina Yunnan r&d Institute of Natural disaster on Chengdu University of Information Technology Kunming 650034YunnanChina Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Sichuan Provincial Field scientific Observation and research Station Chengdu 610225SichuanChina Chinese Center for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences^([1-3]).The negative health effects of individual air pollutants(e.g.,fine particulate matter:PM_(2.5);nitrogen dioxide:NO_(2);carbon monoxide,CO;or ozone:O_(3))have been widely explored^([4]).However,humans are constantly exposed to multipollutant mixtures in real life,and biological responses to inhaled pollutants are likely to depend on the interplay of pollutant mixtures.Therefore,it is critical and imperative to explore the joint effects of multipollutant mixtures on human beings.

关键词： mixtures monoxide consequences

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Effect of ellagitannin metabolites ellagic acid and urolithins A-d on the non-enzymatic glycation of human serum albumin and inhibiting mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Lu Zhang Chun-yan Peng Wen-na Zhou Fei-yan Lu Lin-ju Xu Qing-hui Wen Xing Xie Zong-cai Tu National r&d Center of Freshwater Fish Processing College of Life Science Jiangxi Normal University State Key Laboratory of Food Science and resources Nanchang University

Effect of ellagitannins gut microbiota metabolites ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin A-urolithin d (UroA-Urod) on human serum albumin (HSA) glycation were firstly evaluated in this research. The inhibition mechanisms were investigated by methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping and radical scavenging ability assays， docking studies and Nano LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology. results indicated that the inhibition of urolithins on HSA glycation was highly positive correlated with the number of phenolic hydroxy groups. Addition of Urod and EA could effectively enhance the content of free amino group， suppress dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation， alleviated tryptophan and protein oxidation， inhibited HSA amyloid-like aggregation. They could also trap MGO and scavenge dPPH· and ABTS·+. Molecular docking indicated that EA and UroA-Urod interact with HSA mainly through hydrogen bound and hydrophobic interaction， among which two or three hydrogen bonds were formed. The number of glycation sites were reduced from 11 to 10， 10， 7， and 10， respectively， when 90 μmol/L of EA， UroA， UroC and Urod were added. However， weak inhibition was observed on UroA and UroB. These findings can provide scientific evidence for the application of ellagitannins-rich foods in alleviating diabetic complications.

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