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Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado Elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

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Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.Williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

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Effects of Topographic Slopes on Hydrological Proecsses and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 733-741页

作者： Jinliang Liu Climate processes and Earth Observation division, Meteorological Service of Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada Han-Ru Cho Department of Atmospheric Science, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan Climate processes and Earth Observation division Meteorological Service of Canada Downsview Canada National Central University Chungli Taiwan

Based on previous research results on river re-distribution models, a modification on the effects of topographic slopes for a runoff parameterization was proposed and implemented to the NCAR's land sur- face model (LSM). This modification has two aspects firstly, the topographic slopes cause outflows from higher topography and inflows into the lower topography points; secondly, topographic slopes also cause decrease of infiltration at higher topography and increases of infiltration at lower topography. Then changes in infiltration result in changes in soil molsture, surface fluxes and then in surface temperature, and eventual- ly in the upper atmosphere and the climate. This mechanism is very clearly demonstrated in the point bud- gets analysis at the Andes Mountains vicinities. Analysis from a regional scale perspective in the Mackenzie GEWEX Study (MAGS) area, the focus of the ongoing Canadian GEWEX program, shows that the modi- fied runoff parameterization does bring significant changes in the regional surface climate More important- ly, detailed analysis from a global perspective shows many encouraging improvements introduced by the modified LSM over the original model in simulating basic atmospheric climate properties such as thermodynamic features (temperature and humidity). All of these improvements in the atmospheric climate simulation illustrate that the inclusion of topographic effects in the LSM can force the AGCM to produce a more realistic model climate.

关键词： Hydrological processes Runoff,Parameterization Topographic slope Climate model Land surface model

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Mechanical properties and microstructure of rolled and electrodeposited thin copper foil

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Rare Metals 2016年第12期35卷 909-914页

作者： Xiang-Qian Yin Li-Jun Peng Saif Kayani Lei Cheng Jian-Wei Wang Wei Xiao Li-Gen Wang Guo-Jie Huang State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals & processes General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Metal Materials division Korea Institute of Materials Science

Commercial grade rolled and electrodeposited copper foils from Japan and China were selected, and their mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated. It was observed that there are notable differences in fracture strength, elongation at break and hydrophilicity between rol- led and electrodeposited copper foils. The rolled copper foils have higher tensile strength, lower ductility and larger static contact angle than electrodeposited copper foils. The rolled copper foils contain a [^-fiber texture, and the electrodeposited copper foils have random crystalline orientations. It was also observed that the rolled foils have packed grains, and elec- trodeposited foils have equiaxial grains. The uniform fine grain size and a few substructures of Japanese electrode- posited foils are major reasons for their higher elongation.

关键词： Copper foil Rolling Electrodepositing Texture Substructure

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How do Notch Shape and Boundary Conditions Affect the Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Fractured Geomaterials?Findings via the Darcy-Brinkman-Biot Approach

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 351-356页

作者： Yi-Xiang Wang Xiao-Pei Guo Ling Xu Shi-Feng Lu Department of Civil Engineering School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China China Construction Eighth Engineering division Co. Ltd.Southwest BranchChengdu 610041China

0 INTRODUCTION Natural geomaterials,including soils and rocks,are invariably exposed to intricate stress conditions,in addition to water pressure,in various engineering contexts such as foundation treatment,mining,and *** geomaterials frequently contain numerous fractures,which significantly influence hydrological dynamics as water permeates through them,leading to processes like expansion and bifurcation(Shu et al.,2023;Tran and Jha,2021;Lei et al.,2017;Wang et al.,2015).

关键词： bifurcation invar mining

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Effect of varying spatial orientations on build time requirements for FDM process: A case study

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第2期13卷 92-100页

作者： Sandeep Rathee Manu Srivastava Sachin Maheshwari Arshad Noor Siddiquee division of Manufacturing processes and Automation Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia A Central University

In this research, effect of varying spatial orientations on the build time requirements for fused deposition modelling process is studied. Constructive solid geometry cylindrical primitive is taken as work piece and modeling is accomplished for it. Response surface methodology is used to design the experiments and obtain statistical models for build time requirements corresponding to different orientations of the given primitive in modeller build volume. Contour width, air gap, slice height, raster width, raster angle and angle of orientation are treated as process parameters. Percentage contribution of individual process parameter is found to change for build time corresponding to different spatial orientations. Also, the average of build time requirement changes with spatial orientation. This paper attempts to clearly discuss and describe the observations with an aim to develop a clear understanding of effect of spatial variations on the build time for Fused Deposition Modelling process. This work is an integral part of process layout optimization and these results can effectively aid designers specially while tackling nesting issues.

关键词： Fused deposition modeling Spatial orientation Process parameters Response Surface Methodology Build time

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Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-62421S alloy plate with different annealing treatments

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Rare Metals 2018年第7期37卷 568-573页

作者： Yong-Ling Wang Xiao-Yun Song Wen Ma Wen-Jing Zhang Wen-Jun Ye Song-Xiao Hui State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and processes General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals division of Science and Technology Information General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

Ti-62421S （Ti-6A1-2Sn-4Zr-2Nb-lMo-0.2Si） is a novel short-time using high-temperature titanium alloy. The effects of annealing on microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-62421S alloy plate were studied through optical microscopy （OM）, electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and tensile tests. The results show that, with annealing tem- perature increasing, the volume fraction of primary α（αp）- phase decreases while that of transformed β（βt）-structure and secondary α （αs）-phase increases. The room-temperature strength and plasticity are insensitive to annealing temperature. However, with annealing temperature increasing, the tensile strength decreases at 550℃, while increases at 600 and 650℃ instead. It is suggested that, at 550℃, the strengthening mechanism is mainly boundary strengthening and the biggest contributor is ap-phase by providing αp/β-boundary area. Above 600 ℃, the strengthening mechanism is grain strengthening, where αs-phase strengthens the β-phase.

关键词： High temperature titanium alloy Ti-62421S Heat treatment Microstructure Tensile properties

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Effect of tool plunge depth on reinforcement particles distribution in surface composite fabrication via friction stir processing

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2017年第2期13卷 86-91页

作者： Sandeep Rathee Sachin Maheshwari Arshad Noor Siddiquee Manu Srivastava division of Manufacturing processes and Automation Engineering(MPAE) Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia A Central University

Aluminium matrix surface composites are gaining alluring role especially in aerospace, defence, and marine industries. Friction stir processing(FSP) is a promising novel solid state technique for surface composites fabrication. In this study, AA6061/SiC surface composites were fabricated and the effect of tool plunge depth on pattern of reinforcement particles dispersion in metal matrix was investigated. Six varying tool plunge depths were chosen at constant levels of shoulder diameter and tool tilt angle to observe the exclusive effect of plunge variation. Process parameters chosen for the experimentation are speed of rotation, travel speed and tool tilt angle which were taken as 1400 rpm, 40 mm/min, and 2.5 °respectively. Macro and the microstructural study were performed using stereo zoom and optical microscope respectively. Results reflected that lower plunge depth levels lead to insufficient heat generation and cavity formation towards the stir zone center. On the other hand, higher levels of plunge depth result in ejection of reinforcement particles and even sticking of material to tool shoulder. Thus, an optimal plunge depth is needed in developing defect free surface composites.

关键词： Metal matrix composites Friction stir processing Tool plunge depth Microstructural characterization

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Evaluation of a mathematical model using experimental data and artificial neural network for prediction of gas separation

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2008年第2期17卷 135-141页

作者： M.Peer M.Mahdyarfar T.Mohammadi Research Center for Membrane processes Department of Chemical EngineeringIran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehranlran Gas division Research Institute of Petroleum IndustryTehranIran

In recent times, membranes have found wide applications in gas separation processes. As most of the industrial membrane separation units use hollow fiber modules, having a proper model for simulating this type of membrane module is very useful in achieving guidelines for design and characterization of membrane separation units. In this study, a model based on Coker, Freeman, and Fleming＇s study was used for estimating the required membrane area. This model could simulate a multicomponent gas mixture separation by solving the governing differential mass balance equations with numerical methods. Results of the model were validated using some binary and multicomponent experimental data from the literature. Also, the artificial neural network （ANN） technique was applied to predict membrane gas separation behavior and the results of the ANN simulation were compared with the simulation results of the model and the experimental data. Good consistency between these results shows that ANN method can be successfully used for prediction of the separation behavior after suitable training of the network

关键词： hollow fiber membrane gas separation mathematical modeling artificial neural network

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Wafer‑Scale Ag_(2)S‑Based Memristive Crossbar Arrays with Ultra‑Low Switching‑Energies Reaching Biological Synapses

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 328-339页

作者： Yuan Zhu Tomas Nyberg Leif Nyholm Daniel Primetzhofer Xun Shi Zhen Zhang division of Solid‑State Electronics Department of Electrical EngineeringUppsala University75121 UppsalaSweden Department of Chemistry Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China

Memristive crossbar arrays(MCAs)offer parallel data storage and processing for energy-efficient neuromorphic ***,most wafer-scale MCAs that are compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology still suffer from substantially larger energy consumption than biological synapses,due to the slow kinetics of forming conductive paths inside the memristive *** we report wafer-scale Ag_(2)S-based MCAs realized using CMOS-compatible processes at temperatures below 160℃.Ag_(2)S electrolytes supply highly mobile Ag+ions,and provide the Ag/Ag_(2)S interface with low silver nucleation barrier to form silver filaments at low energy *** further enhancing Ag+migration in Ag_(2)S electrolytes via microstructure modulation,the integrated memristors exhibit a record low threshold of approximately−0.1 V,and demonstrate ultra-low switching-energies reaching femtojoule values as observed in biological *** low-temperature process also enables MCA integration on polyimide substrates for applications in flexible ***,the intrinsic nonidealities of the memristive units for deep learning can be compensated by employing an advanced training *** impressive accuracy of 92.6%in image recognition simulations is demonstrated with the MCAs after the *** demonstrated MCAs provide a promising device option for neuromorphic computing with ultra-high energy-efficiency.

关键词： Wafer-scale Ag_(2)S films Reactive sputter Silver nucleation Ag^(+)migration Energy-efficient neuromorphic computing

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